大孔树脂富集诃子中没食子酸的工艺条件

考察了6种不同极性的大孔树脂(NKA-9,AB-8,D-101,HPD-300,HPD-826和HPD-400)对诃子中没食子酸的富集能力,发现极性树脂NKA-9的静态吸附能力和静态解吸能力明显优于其他树脂。进一步考察了NKA-9树脂对诃子中没食子酸的静态和动态吸附能力,结果表明,其分离的最佳工艺为:没食子酸质量浓度为0.152 g/L、控制pH=3.0、温度25℃、以3 BV/h的流速上样、上样量为3 BV、上样后饱和吸附5 h;然后用5 BV去离子水以3 BV/h的流速洗脱,再用7 BV质量分数为30%乙醇以2 BV/h的流速洗脱,收集30%乙醇洗脱液,使提取物中没食子酸质量分数由4.7%提高到25.3%,回收率为82.6%。     

大孔树脂分离纯化诃子鞣质的工艺研究

本文研究了大孔树脂分离纯化诃子鞣质的方法。先对7种大孔吸附树脂进行静态吸附与解吸性能的考察,进一步对性能相近的HPD600和NKA-9树脂进行动态吸附与洗脱效果比较,选定以NKA-9对诃子鞣质进行分离纯化。优化的工艺条件为:3BV浓度为66.7mg·mL~(-1)的上样液,以1BV·h~(-1)速度通过层析柱,以3BV水洗脱,再以5BV的60%乙醇洗脱,洗脱流速均为3BV·h~(-1)。结果表明,没食子酸和鞣花酸的平均回收率分别为66.05%和84.12%,在干膏中的纯度分别为3.71%和10.38%。经过该工艺纯化后,诃子鞣质得到富集。     

大孔树脂富集多舌飞蓬总咖啡酸酯的工艺

考察了13种不同极性的大孔吸附树脂对多舌飞蓬中总咖啡酸酯的富集纯化能力,发现极性树脂NKA-2的静态吸附率为92.51%、解吸率为98.51%,明显优于其他树脂。进一步以NKA-2极性树脂对多舌飞蓬总咖啡酸酯进行静态吸附与动态吸附实验,结果表明,最佳上样质量浓度为300 g/L,最佳上样流速为2 BV/h(BV/h即每小时内,通过床层液体体积的倍数),树脂吸附容量为6 m L/g,即每克NKA-2树脂可以处理1.8 g生药。解吸实验结果表明,用体积分数为60%的乙醇水溶液洗脱,洗脱剂用量为30 m L/g树脂。用上述条件对多舌飞蓬总咖啡酸酯富集纯化,使总咖啡酸酯的纯度由18.09%提高到58.06%,回收率高达94.78%。说明NKA-2型大孔吸附树脂综合性能良好,可用于多舌飞蓬中总咖啡酸酯成分的富集和纯化。     

大孔树脂富集多舌飞蓬总咖啡酸酯的工艺研究

摘要：考察了13种不同极性的大孔树脂对多舌飞蓬中总咖啡酸酯的富集纯化能力,发现极性树脂NKA-2的静态吸附率为92.51%、解吸率为98.51%,明显优于其他树脂。进一步以NKA-2极性树脂对多舌飞蓬总咖啡酸酯进行静态吸附与动态吸附实验,结果表明,最佳上样质量浓度为300 g/L,最佳上样流速为2 BV/h,树脂吸附容量为6 mL/g,即单位NKA-2树脂可以处理1.8 g生药。解吸实验结果表明,体积分数为60 %的乙醇溶液更有利于多舌飞蓬总咖啡酸酯的洗脱,用量为8 BV。用上述条件对多舌飞蓬总咖啡酸酯富集纯化,使总咖啡酸酯的纯度由18.09 %提高到58.06 %,回收率高达94.78 %。说明NKA-2型大孔吸附树脂综合性能良好,可用于多舌飞蓬中总咖啡酸酯成分的富集和纯化。     

大孔吸附树脂纯化杏仁皮单宁工艺的研究

通过静态吸附及解吸实验,考察5种大孔吸附树脂对杏仁皮单宁的吸附及解吸性能,确定效果最佳的大孔吸附树脂。考察上样浓度、上样流速、上样量对吸附性能的影响,乙醇浓度、洗脱流速、洗脱液用量对解吸性能的影响。结果表明,最佳纯化条件为:采用HP-20型大孔吸附树脂,上样液浓度为1.20 mg/mL,上样流速为1 BV/h,上样量为4 BV,洗脱液为70%乙醇溶液,洗脱液用量为3 BV,洗脱流速为1.5 BV/h。在此条件下,杏仁皮单宁纯度由9.97%提高到32.58%。表明HP-20型大孔吸附树脂纯化杏仁皮单宁工艺可靠、效果良好。     

双柱法分离纯化杜仲叶黄酮工艺研究

采用静态吸附实验考察了聚酰胺树脂及D101、HPD-826、HPD-417、LK-17、BS-75、ADS-17等大孔树脂对杜仲叶黄酮的纯化效果,采用动态吸附实验考察了上样量、上样液速度、洗脱剂浓度、洗脱剂用量、洗脱剂流速对聚酰胺树脂与HPD-826大孔树脂的动态吸附与解吸率的影响。结果表明,一次柱层析采用HPD-826大孔树脂,上样流速为1 BV/h,洗脱剂为60%乙醇,洗脱剂用量为3 BV,洗脱剂流速为1.5 BV/h,最佳上样量为22.14 mg/g;二次柱层析选用聚酰胺树脂,上样流速为1 BV/h,洗脱剂为60%乙醇,洗脱剂用量为柱体积的3倍,洗脱剂流速为1.5 BV/h,最佳上样量为15.81 mg/g;双柱法分离纯化的杜仲叶提取物总黄酮纯度为65.19%。     

大孔吸附树脂纯化杏仁皮单宁工艺的研究

通过静态吸附及解吸实验,考察5种大孔吸附树脂对杏仁皮单宁的吸附及解吸性能,确定效果最佳的大孔吸附树脂。考察上样浓度、上样流速、上样量对吸附性能的影响,乙醇浓度、洗脱流速、洗脱液用量对解吸性能的影响。结果表明,最佳纯化条件为:采用HP-20型大孔吸附树脂,上样液浓度为1.20 mg/mL,上样流速为1 BV/h,上样量为4 BV,洗脱液为70%乙醇溶液,洗脱液用量为3 BV,洗脱流速为1.5 BV/h。在此条件下,杏仁皮单宁纯度由9.97%提高到32.58%。表明HP-20型大孔吸附树脂纯化杏仁皮单宁工艺可靠、效果良好。     

大孔吸附树脂对喜树叶中喜树碱的纯化工艺研究

研究通过静态吸附/解吸实验对大孔吸附树脂进行筛选,优选AB-8大孔吸附树脂作为层析柱填料,并对其进行喜树碱纯化工艺研究;研究表明AB-8树脂对喜树碱的静态吸附率为95.31%;体积分数95%的乙醇静态解吸率为92.4%;最佳吸附条件为:上样液质量浓度为0.175mg/mL,上样液不调pH值,吸附流速为2BV/h,平衡吸附5h;最佳洗脱条件:体积分数95%乙醇,洗脱流速1BV/h,洗脱体积为8BV。在该工艺条件下,洗脱物中喜树碱质量分数为7.43%,洗脱率为83.1%。     

大孔树脂法分离纯化申嗪霉素的工艺研究

通过大孔吸附树脂对申嗪霉素发酵滤液静态吸附和解吸试验,从6种大孔吸附树脂中筛选出分离纯化申嗪霉素最优的树脂,考察了该树脂对申嗪霉素的静态、动态吸附与解吸性能并对吸附与洗脱的最佳条件进行了研究。结果表明:AB-8树脂对申嗪霉素有很好的吸附和解吸性能,其最优的动态吸附工艺条件为:上样液浓度3 000μg/mL,上样量4 BV,上样流速2 BV/h;最优的解吸条件为:洗脱剂为80%乙醇溶液,洗脱液用量3 BV,洗脱流速1 BV/h。在此优化条件下,申嗪霉素的吸附率、解吸率、收率、纯度的平均值分别达到(90.33±0.14)%、(90.87±0.12)%、(82.1±0.1)%和(90.74±0.14)%(n=5)。     

大孔树脂与氧化铝联用分离纯化三七总皂苷的工艺研究

优选大孔树脂与氧化铝联用分离纯化三七总皂苷的工艺。以总皂苷的洗脱率为考察指标,通过单因素实验对大孔树脂型号、上样液浓度、吸附流速、上样量、洗脱浓度、洗脱流速、洗脱体积、氧化铝用量等因素进行考察,优选分离纯化三七总皂苷的最佳工艺条件。以D101大孔树脂纯化效果最好,最佳上样液浓度为0.5 g生药/mL,上样流速为2 BV/h(BV为柱体积),上样量(药材量∶树脂)为1∶1,依次用水、30%乙醇除杂,用量为3 BV,洗脱流速为2 BV/h,80%乙醇5 BV洗脱,收集洗脱液,将洗脱液过氧化铝柱吸附除杂,氧化铝用量为0.5 g生药/g,中试放大实验平行3次,总皂苷的纯度分别为85.96%,84.53%,86.32%,RSD值为1.13%,出膏率分别为6.45%,6.57%,6.32%,RSD值为1.94%,优选的纯化工艺稳定可行,适用于工业生产。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。