加工方式对红薯淀粉体外消化性的影响

本文研究了在蒸、煮、炸、烤以及微波烤制5种加工方式对红薯水分含量、还原糖含量和淀粉的体外消化率的影响。结果发现微波烤制、煮制和蒸制对红薯水分含量的影响不明显,而烤制和油炸使红薯水分含量明显降低。5种方式处理后红薯的还原糖含量分别为微波烤制30．38％、煮制24．75％、蒸制27．31％、烤制7．2％和油炸4．77％。对比几种加工方式对红薯中淀粉的体外消化性的影响来说,微波烤制、煮制和蒸制的红薯中淀粉的体外消化性较好,且以煮制最好：而烤制和油炸红薯中淀粉的体外消化性相对较差。     

加工方式对红薯淀粉体外消化性的影响

本文研究了在蒸、煮、炸、烤以及微波烤制5种加工方式对红薯水分含量、还原糖含量和淀粉的体外消化率的影响。结果发现微波烤制、煮制和蒸制对红薯水分含量的影响不明显,而烤制和油炸使红薯水分含量明显降低。5种方式处理后红薯的还原糖含量分别为微波烤制30．38％、煮制24．75％、蒸制27．31％、烤制7．2％和油炸4．77％。对比几种加工方式对红薯中淀粉的体外消化性的影响来说,微波烤制、煮制和蒸制的红薯中淀粉的体外消化性较好,且以煮制最好：而烤制和油炸红薯中淀粉的体外消化性相对较差。     

不同烹调方式对牛心品质的影响

为了研究不同烹调方式对牛心品质的影响,以西门塔尔杂交牛心脏为研究对象,对不同烹调方式(煮制、涮制、烤制和煎制)下牛心的基本营养成分、脂肪酸组成和挥发性风味物质等进行分析。结果表明,煮制牛心的加工损失最低,对脂肪酸含量的影响最小,且咀嚼性优于烤制牛心和煎制牛心;不同烹调方式处理对牛心的脂肪酸组成及含量影响显著,烤制牛心不饱和脂肪酸含量最高,能较好地保留牛心的营养成分;不同烹调方式处理下挥发性成分存在差异,煮制牛心中检测出挥发性成分32种,涮制、烤制和煎制牛心分别为25、31和35种风味成分。不同烹调方式处理下牛心的亚硝酸盐含量均未超过国标中规定的最大残留量,而采用涮制处理的牛心亚硝酸盐含量、脂肪氧化程度和反式油酸含量均最低,食用安全性最高。     

基于人工神经网络模型预测油炸外裹糊鱼块的丙烯酰胺含量

为实现对油炸外裹糊鱼块的丙烯酰胺含量的预测,采用响应面试验设计收集数据,建立以黄原胶和大豆纤维复配比例、外裹糊鱼块干燥时间、大豆油品质、油炸温度、油炸时间为输入值,油炸外裹糊鱼块的丙烯酰胺含量为输出值的反向传播人工神经网络（back propagation artificial neural network,BP-ANN）,预测外裹糊鱼块深度油炸过程丙烯酰胺含量的变化,并用训练集拟合,测试集评估模型的预测能力。结果显示,黄原胶和大豆纤维复配比例、外裹糊鱼块干燥时间、油炸温度、油炸时间对油炸外裹糊鱼块的丙烯酰胺含量均有显著影响,大豆油品质对油炸外裹糊鱼块中丙烯酰胺含量影响不显著。训练后的BP-ANN模型的相关系数R值为0.997,拟合良好,有很强的逼近能力;模型对新数据预测的误差较小,最大相对误差为5.34%,最小相对误差为0.12%,表明BP-ANN模型能准确预测油炸外裹糊鱼块的丙烯酰胺含量。     

熟制方式对裹糊猪排品质及挥发性香气成分的影响

为探讨熟制方式对裹糊猪排品质和风味影响,采用常规物化测定方法,研究不同熟制方式（煎、炸、烤）对裹糊猪排猪排质构、水分含量、最大形变量、烹饪损失率、风味影响。结果表明:3种熟制方式比较分析显示煎制与烤制对猪排的剪切力影响显著（P<0.05）,而炸制温度对裹糊猪排咀嚼性影响显著（P<0.05）。煎制较炸制与烤制而言,烹饪损失率较小且水分流失较少。电子鼻结果显示主成分分析和线性判别分析可以量化主成分贡献率和样品间风味的区分。风味成分结果进一步表明:这三种熟制方式得到的风味化合物主要包括:醇类、醛类、酯类、酸类、杂环类共5大类。煎制形成的风味种类最高（44）,烤制次之（37）,炸制最少（35）;煎制和炸制中均为醇类相对含量较高,而烤制中烃类相对含量较高,3种熟制方式共有挥发性物质12种,煎、炸、烤独有成分分别为7、3、9种。结果表明从食用品质和风味角度分析,煎制裹糊猪排色泽金黄、口感软嫩、风味突出、品质更佳,本文为裹糊猪排熟制提供一定理论依据。     

熟化方式对酱卤风味牛肉品质及多环芳烃含量的影响

比较蒸制、煮制、炸制、煎制、烤制和微波6 种熟化方式对酱卤风味牛肉品质（感官评分、色泽、质构、水分含量、pH值、脂肪氧化）和化学危害物多环芳烃（polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs）含量的影响。结果表明：烤制、蒸制、煮制熟化酱卤风味牛肉色泽品质较好;烤制、煎制和炸制熟化酱卤风味牛肉水分含量偏低,且与其他组有显著差异（P＜0.05）;蒸制熟化酱卤风味牛肉很好地保持了水分含量,具有较好的质构特性;烤制、炸制熟化酱卤风味牛肉的脂肪氧化程度偏高（P＜0.05）,而蒸制熟化酱卤风味牛肉的脂肪氧化程度最低;与其他熟化方式相比,蒸制熟化酱卤风味牛肉的感官评分较高;烤制、煎制、炸制熟化酱卤风味牛肉中苯并(a)芘、苯并(a)蒽、苯并(b)荧蒽及?4 种PAHs的总含量均高于7.0 μg/kg,蒸制、微波熟化组约为3.1 μg/kg。综合评估得出,蒸制是一种有效的酱卤风味牛肉熟化加工方式,牛肉品质与传统卤煮牛肉更为接近。     

低热处理对牛乳模拟体系中糠氨酸的影响

目的:研究在不同反应物混合比例、温度、时间条件下,低热处理对牛乳糠氨酸的影响。方法:采用LC-MS法、HPLC法及OPA法测定糠氨酸、乳糖及赖氨酸含量,探究底物配比与糠氨酸含量的相关性及加热温度、时间对赖氨酸、乳糖损失率和糠氨酸生成的影响,建立对应加工过程的管控要求。结果:当m_(赖氨酸)∶m_(乳糖)=1∶10时,糠氨酸质量浓度达到最大值,分别为1 104.96μg/mL(72℃,15 s)和1 451.22μg/mL(80℃,15 s);当温度在66～80℃范围内,糠氨酸含量整体随温度的升高呈上升趋势;且在反应前10 s,糠氨酸增长速率、底物乳糖及赖氨酸降低速率较缓。结论:通过控制底物配比、加热温度和反应时间都可抑制糠氨酸的生成。     

超高效液相色谱-稳定性同位素稀释质谱法测定预包装食品中不同阶段美拉德反应产物含量

建立基于稳定同位素内标稀释的超高效液相色谱-串联三重四极杆质谱同步检测预包装食品中羧甲基赖氨酸(N^ε-(carboxymethyl)-lysine,CML)、羧乙基赖氨酸(N^ε-(carboxyethyl)-lysine,CEL)、甲基乙二醛-羟基咪唑酮异构体(methyglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolones,MG-H1、MG-H2、MG-H3)、乙二醛-氢咪唑酮(glyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone,G-H1)、糠氨酸7种不同阶段美拉德反应产物(Maillard reaction products,MRPs)的含量。采用Kinetex C₁₈色谱柱进行分离，多反应监测模式进行定量分析。该方法的加标回收率为88.4%～111.3%，精密度相对标准偏差小于9%，检出限和定量限分别为2.1～14.2 ng/mL和7.4～41.2 ng/mL。采用该方法对134种常见预包装食品中的7种MRPs进行定量，并对得到的数据进行主成分分析和相关性分析。结果表明，CML、MG-H1...     

HPLC法检测分析温度对中药口服液品质的影响

运用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）比较分析了正常、异常中药（TCM）口服液中美拉德反应产物组成及其对中药口服液质量的影响。结果表明,异常样品的还原糖、蛋白质含量、美拉德反应中间产物糠氨酸、糠醛、5-羟甲基糠醛和丙烯酰胺以及氨基酸含量如赖氨酸、甘氨酸、亮氨酸等均比正常样品偏高。采用不同温度处理提取的类黑素的黑化程度随加热温度的升高而增强。美拉德反应程度随样品烘干温度的升高而增加,高温处理不利于中药口服液样品的安全性。     

4种氨基酸与木糖美拉德反应产物的抗氧化活性研究

为分析美拉德反应产物的抗氧化活性,用木糖与不同氨基酸(甘氨酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸和天冬氨酸)进行模式美拉德反应。以DPPH自由基(DPPH·)清除率作为美拉德反应产物(MRPs)抗氧化活性指标,探索了反应时间、反应pH、反应温度以及氨基酸和木糖的质量比4个因素对MRPs抗氧化性的影响,并通过均匀实验得到最佳工艺条件。结果表明:赖氨酸-木糖模式MRPs对DPPH自由基(DPPH·)清除率最高,抗氧化活性最强。其最佳工艺条件:温度140℃,反应时间60min,反应初始pH 7.0,赖氨酸与木糖质量比3∶1。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press     

INFOPRINT 2014 was Successfully Held in Dongguan

Sponsored by Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China （PEIAC） and organized by Print China magazine, the Seventeenth Beijing International Printing Information Conference （INFOPRINT 2014） was successfully held on 11th Dec. 2014 at Dongguan Exhibition International Hotel.