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1.
The thermal properties of bovine milk fat containing 15.5% linoleic acid have been compared with those of milk fat containing
a normal level (1.8%) of linoleic acid in order to examine the influence of altered triglyceride (TG) composition on their
physical characteristics. The total TGs of 18∶2-rich milk fat melted over the range −38 to 30 C compared with the range −33
to 34 C for control milk fat. Polymorphism exhibited by the high mol wt TGs of control milk fat was absent in the same fraction
of 18∶2-rich milk fat. Similarly, the complex melting thermogram of the low mol wt TGs of control milk fat and its obvious
polymorphic behavior contrasted with the single broad melting peak of the low mol wt TGs of 18∶2-rich milk fat. This solid
miscibility in the 18∶2-rich milk fat could be a consequence of the lower proportion of saturated TGs or the presence of high
proportions of diene and triene TGs containing 18∶2 instead of monoene and diene TGs containing 18∶1. 相似文献
2.
E. W. Bell J. C. Cowan L. E. Gast R. E. Koos 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1976,53(7):511-517
Soybean and linseed oils were selectively hydroenated with copper-on-silica gel catalyst. The linolenate content of the oils
was reduced to diene and monoene with no appreciable increase in saturates. Hydrogenated soybean oils contained 68–76% monoene,
11–18% diene, 0% conjugated diene and triene, 1–6% conjugatable diene, 0–0.3% conjugatable triene, and 23–40% isolatedtrans double bonds. Hydrogenated linseed oils contained 44–54% monoene, 35–45% diene, 0% conjugated diene and triene, 0–7% conjugatable
diene, 0–02% conjugatable triene, and 44–59% isoaltedtrans double bonds. Esters of fatty acids, derived from these selectively hydrogenated oils, were prepared with trimethylolethane,
trimethylolpropane, trimethylolbutane, pentaerythritol, ethylene glycol, C18 saturated cyclic alcohols, primary C12–C18 saturated (nC12, nC14, nC16, nC18) alcohol, and primary C16–C18 saturated (nC16, nC18) alcohol blends. Measurements of viscosities and of smoke, flash, and fire points indicate that these esters are possible
replacements for sperm oil. Certain of them, after sulfurization, also have potential as extreme pressure lubricant additives.
Presented at the AOCS meeting in Philadelphia, September 1974. 相似文献
3.
Triacylglycerols (TGs) of lipase-modified butter oil were separated into saturated, monoene, diene and triene fractions on
ap-propylbenzene sulfonic acid solid-phase extraction column loaded with silver ions. Fatty acid analysis of the fractions showed
that the amounts of saturated TGs (98.4 mol%) and monoene TGs (26.0 mol%) in the saturated and monoene fractions, respectively,
were close to the theoretical amounts of TGs in pure fractions. The column method provides a useful alternative to AgNO3-thin-layer chromatography as a means of separating the TGs of butterfat and producing relatively pure TG fractions for further
analysis by gas chromatography (GC) or GC-mass spectrometry. 相似文献
4.
Helvi M. Vidgren Anne M. Louheranta Jyrki J. Ågren Ursula S. Schwab Matti I. J. Uusitupa 《Lipids》1998,33(10):955-962
Trans fatty acids may be involved in atherosclerotic vascular diseases. We investigated the incorporation of dietary trans fatty acids and oleic acid into the serum triglycerides (TG), cholesterol esters (CE), and phospholipids (PL). Fourteen healthy
female volunteers, aged 23.2±3.1 yr (mean±SD), body mass index 20.8±2.1 kg/m2 participated in this study. All subjects consumed both a trans fatty acid-enriched diet (TRANS diet) and an oleic acid-enriched diet (OLEIC diet) for 4 wk according to a randomized crossover
design. Both experimental diet periods were preceded by consumption of a baseline diet for 2 wk which supplied 37% of total
energy (E%) as fat: 18 E% from saturated fatty acids (SFA), 12 E% from monounsaturated fatty acids, and 6 E% from polyunsaturated
fatty acids. Five E% of the SFA in the baseline diet was replaced by trans fatty acids (18∶1 t and 18∶2 c,t+18∶2t,t, where c is cis and t is trans) in the TRANS diet and by oleic acid (18∶1n-9) in the OLEIC diet. After the TRANS diet, the proportions of 18∶1t and 18∶2t increased (P <0.001) in all serum lipid fractions analyzed. The increase of 18∶1 t in TG and PL (1.80±0.28 vs. 5.26±1.40; 1.07±0.34 vs. 3.39±0.76 mol% of total fatty acids, respectively) was markedly higher
than that in CE (0.44±0.07 vs. 0.92±0.26), whereas that of 18∶2t was nearly the same in all three fractions. The proportions of palmitic, stearic, arachidonic, and eicosapentaenoic acids
in TG, CE, and PL and that of oleic acid in TG and CE were decreased when compared with the baseline value. In contrast, the
proportion of palmitoleic acid in TG and PL and that of linoleic acid in PL increased on the TRANS diet. After consumption
of the OLEIC diet, the proportion of oleic acid increased in all three lipid fractions analyzed, and the percentage increase
was nearly the same in all fractions. In contrast, the proportions of 18∶1 t in TG and PL and 18∶2 t in TG and CE decreased when compared with the baseline value. In conclusion, a moderate increase in dietary trans fatty acids resulted in a marked incorporation into serum lipids and decreased the conversion of linoleic acid to its more
unsaturated long-chain metabolites. Analysis of 18∶1 t from serum TG and PL seems to reflect reliably the dietary intake of this fatty acid. 相似文献
5.
The composition of cashew nutsAnacardium occidentale from different terrestrial sources has been studied. Samples from Brazil, Ceylon, Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria, and Tanzania
have been solvent extracted to recover the phenolic shell liquid (natural CNSL) separate from the kernel oil. The recovered
materials from the different sources were present from 23.6% to 27.7%. After hydrogenation of the side chains and methylation
of the acidic groups, the component phenols anacardic acid (74.1% to 77.4%), cardol (15.0% to 20.1%), 2-methyl cardol (1.7%
to 2.6%), and cardanol (1.2% to 9.2%) were determined by gas liquid chromatography on polyethyleneglycol adipate. The component
phenols have been separated by adsorption thin layer chromatography, and their triene (AN-15∶3, 36.3% to 50.4%), diene (AN-15∶2,
17.8% to 32.1%), monoene (AN-15∶1, 25.0%, to 33.3%), and saturated (AN-15∶0, 2.2% to 3.0%) constituents determined by mass
spectroscopy. The results of mass spectroscopic analysis have been confirmed by methylation of the separated component phenols
and gas liquid chromatography. It is apparent that the largest variation is in the % cardanol (1.2% to 9.2%). While the total
percentage of unsaturated constituents is quite similar, the distribution of triene, diene, and monoene varies widely. 相似文献
6.
Modification of milk fat both by partially replacing saturated FA with oleic acid (18∶1) and by increasing calcium intake
independently reduces plasma cholesterol. Whether modification of both factors together would synergistically reduce plasma
cholesterol is unknown. Seventy-two male golden Syrian hamsters were separated into four diet treatment groups (n=18/group) and fed ad libitum for 7 wk. Diets contained either modified milk fat (MMF) or regular milk fat (RMF) with either 0.5% (MMF and RMF) or 1.3%
calcium (w/w) (MMFC and RMFC). All diets contained 11% test fat, 4% soybean oil, and 0.15% cholesterol (w/w). During the last
week, feces were collected for three consecutive days for analysis of fecal FA, cholesterol, and calcium excretion. Overnight-fasted
animals were sacrificed, and plasma and livers were collected for lipid analysis. Neither MMF nor additional calcium significantly
affected plasma lipids. However, significant interactions existed between MMF and additional calcium for the ratio of LDL
cholesterol to HDL cholesterol (LDL/HDL), indicating that increased calcium intake reduced this ratio only in RMF animals.
In addition, MMF reduced LDL/HDL relative to RMF. MMF significantly increased hepatic total and esterified cholesterol. Additional
calcium significantly increased fecal calcium and saturated FA (SFA) excretion, whereas MMF significantly reduced SFA excretion.
RMFC induced the highest excretion of 16∶0 among all groups. Replacement of SFA with 18∶1 in the MMF reduced the impact of
high calcium on LDL/HDL. Additional calcium reduced LDL/HDL only in the presence of RMF, which may be achieved through an
increased excretion of 16∶0. 相似文献
7.
On day seven of gestation, Wistar rats were assigned to a high essential fatty acid (EFA), low EFA, or a fat free diet. The
same diets were continued during lactation. On weaning, the offspring were fed the same diets as their mother. Rats were killed
at 222 days, brain capillary endothelia isolated, and total lipids extracted from the purified capillaries. The composition
of the constituent fatty acids of ethanolamine glycerophospholipid (EGP), choline glycerophospholipid (CGP), and the alk-1-eny
EGP composition from each diet is reported. A decrease in dietary EFA led to reduced proportions of total saturated acyl groups
in EGP with no change observed in the total saturated acyl groups from CGP, and an increase in monoenoic fatty acids, particularly
18∶1n−9 for each phospholipid class. The proportions of 20∶4n−6 in alk-1-enyl EGP were reduced in fat-free fed animals. In
addition, the relationship between 20∶3n−9 and 20∶4n−6 fatty acids in brain capillary endothelia were markedly increased with
a reduction in dietary fat. Low EFA and fat deficient animals showed a tendency to sequester 22∶6n−3. 相似文献
8.
trans Isometric fatty acids of partially hydrogenated fish oil (PHFO) consist oftrans 20∶1 andtrans 22∶1 in addition to thetrans isomers of 18∶1, which are abundant in hydrogenated vegetable oils, such as in partially hydrogenated soybean oil (PHSBO).
The effects of dietarytrans fatty acids in PHFO and PHSBO on the fatty acid composition of milk were studied at 0 (colostrum) and 21 dayspostpartum in sows. The dietary fats were PHFO (28%trans), or PHSBO (36%trans) and lard. Sunflower seed oil (4%) was added to each diet. The fats were fed from three weeks of age throughout the lactation
period of Experiment 1. In Experiment 2 PHFO or “fully” hydrogenated fish oil (HFO) (19%trans), in comparison with coconut oil (CF) (0%trans), was fed with two levels of dietary linoleic acid, 1 and 2.7% from conception throughout the lactation period. Feedingtrans-containing fats led to secretion oftrans fatty acids in the milk lipids. Levels oftrans 18∶1 andtrans 20∶1 in milk lipids, as percentages of totalcis+trans 18∶1 andcis+trans 20∶1, respectively, were about 60% of that of the dietary fats, with no significant differences between PHFO and PHSBO. The
levels were similar for colostrum and milk. Feeding HFO gave relatively lesstrans 18∶1 andtrans 20∶1 fatty acids in milk lipids than did PHFO and PHSBO. Only low levels ofcis+trans 22∶1 were found in milk lipids. Feedingtrans-containing fat had no consistent effects on the level of polyenoic fatty acids but reduced the level of saturated fatty acids
and increased the level ofcis+trans monoenoic fatty acids. Increasing the dietary level of linoleic acid had no effect on the secretion oftrans fatty acids but increased the level of linoleic acid in milk. The overall conclusion was that the effect of dietary fats
containingtrans fatty acids on the fat content and the fatty acid composition of colostrum and milk in sows were moderate to minor. 相似文献
9.
J. T. Venkatraman D. Pehowich B. Singh R. V. Rajotte A. B. R. Thomson M. T. Clandinin 《Lipids》1991,26(6):441-444
Experimental diabetes may manifest itself in a defect in liver microsomal fatty acid desaturation and increased activity of
glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase). The present study was designed to determine whether these changes could be normalized by
a change in the dietary fat consumed. Control and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were fed nutritionally adequate diets
which varied in fatty acid composition. Fatty acid analysis of liver microsomal phospholipids revealed that non-diabetic control
animals fed saturated fat (beef tallow) or a diet high in ω3 fatty acids (fish oil) exhibited a significantly higher level
of 18∶2ω6 and a lower level of 20∶4ω6 in the phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine fractions compared with diabetic
animals. Control and diabetic animals fed the high linoleic acid diet had similar levels of 18∶2ω6 in the microsomal phosphatidylcholine
and phosphatidylserine fractions. Microsomal G-6-Pase activity was higher in diabetic than in control animals. Activity of
G-6-Pase was lower in microsomes of control animals fed the soybean oil or the fish oil diet, but was not significantly reduced
in diabetic animals fed high polyunsaturated fats. Blood glucose levels were similar in control groups fed the different diets,
but the plasma hemoglobin A1c level was lower in diabetic animals fed the soybean oil diet. Cholesterol and triglyceride levels
were lower in diabetic animals fed the fish oil-based diet. The results suggest that dietary fat manipulation has the potential
to change at least some of the abnormalities in the microsomal membrane in experimental diabetes. 相似文献
10.
The American marten (Martes americana) is a boreal forest marten with low body adiposity but high metabolic rate. The study describes the FA composition in white
adipose tissue depots of the species and the influence of food deprivation on them. American marten (n=8) were fasted for 2 d with 7 control animals. Fasting resulted in a 13.4% weight loss, while the relative fat mass was >25%
lower in the fasted animals. The FA composition of the fat depots of the trunk was quite similar to other previously studied
mustelids with 14∶0, 16∶0, 18∶0, 16∶1n−7, 18∶1n−9, and 18∶2n−6 as the most abundant FA. In the extremities, there were higher
proportions of monounsaturated FA (MUFA) and PUFA. Food deprivation decreased the proportions of 16∶0 and 16∶1n−7, while the
proportion of long-chain MUFA increased in the trunk. The mobilization of FA was selective, as 16∶1n−7, 18∶1n−9, and particular
n−3 PUFA were preferentially mobilized. Relative mobilization correlated negatively with the carbon chain length in saturated
FA (SFA) and n−9 MUFA. The Δ9 desaturation of SFA enhanced the mobilization of the corresponding MUFA, but the positional
isomerism of the first double bond did not correlate consistently with relative mobilization in MUFA or PUFA. In the marten,
the FA composition of the extremities was highly resistant to fasting, and the tail tip and the paws contained more long-chain
PUFA to prevent the solidification of lipids and to maintain cell membrane fluidity during cooling. 相似文献
11.
Chicks were fed isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets containing 6% (w/w) added fat consisting of various proportions of animal
tallow and flaxseed oil (FSO). No differences among treatments were seen in growth rate, muscular deposition of protein and
lipids nor in the muscle phospholipid (PL) and triglyceride (TG) contents. Prostaglandin (PG)E2 synthesis in isolated skeletal muscle was depressed significantly by feeding FSO or by treatment with naproxen (6-methoxy-α-methyl-2-napthaleneacetic
acid), an inhibitor of PG synthesis. The changes associated with diet may be related to differences in the fatty acid composition
of muscle lipids. Levels of saturated fatty acids in muscle PL and TG were relatively insensitive to dietary treatments. Monounsaturated
fatty acid levels were significantly lower in the FSO-fed groups. FSO diets caused significant depression in muscle PL 20∶4ω6
and almost completely inhibited 22∶5ω6 incorporation. FSO diets decreased ratios of ω6/ω3 fatty acids and increased the unsaturation
index of muscle PL. Muscles of chicks fed FSO showed increased levels of 18∶3ω3, and of its derivatives 20∶4ω3 and 22∶5ω3.
These results suggest that FSO inhibits PG synthesis and modifies the fatty acids of PL and TG of chick muscle. These changes
may have implications for PG-dependent and/or membrane-dependent processes in muscle metabolism. 相似文献
12.
This study examined the effect on the plasma lipids and plasma phospholipid and cholesteryl ester fatty acids of changing
from a typical western diet to a very low fat (VLF) vegetarian diet containing one egg/day. The effect of the addition of
saturated, monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) to the VLF diet was also examined. Three groups of 10 subjects (6
women, 4 men) were fed the VLF diet (10% energy as fat) for two weeks, and then in the next two weeks the dietary fat in each
group was increased by 10% energy/week using butter, olive oil or safflower oil. The fat replaced dietary carbohydrate. The
VLF diet reduced both the low density lipoprotein (LDL)-and high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels; addition of
the monounsaturated fats and PUFA increased the HDL-cholesterol levels, whereas butter increased the cholesterol levels in
both the LDL- and HDL-fractions. The VLF diet led to significant reductions in the proportion of linoleic acid (18∶2ω6) and
eicosapentaenoic acid (20∶5ω3) and to increases in palmitoleic (16∶1), eicosatrienoic (20∶3ω6) and arachidonic acids (20∶4ω6)
in both phospholipids and cholesteryl esters. Addition of butter reversed the changes seen on the VLF diet, with the exception
of 16∶1, which remained elevated. Addition of olive oil resulted in a significant rise in the proportion of 18∶1 and significant
decreases in all ω3 PUFA except 22∶6 compared with the usual diet. The addition of safflower oil resulted in significant increases
in 18∶2 and 20∶4ω6 and significant decreases in 18∶1, 20∶5ω3 and 22∶5ω3. These results indicate that the reduction of saturated
fat content of the diet (<6% dietary energy), either by reducing the total fat content of the diet or by exchanging saturated
fat with unsaturated fat, reduced the total plasma cholesterol levels by approximately 12% in normocholesterolemic subjects.
Although the VLF vegetarian diet reduced both LDL- and HDL-cholesterol levels, the long-term effects of VLF diets are unlikely
to be deteterious since populations which habitually consume these diets have low rates of coronary heart disease. The addition
of safflower oil or olive oil to a VLF diet produced favorable changes in the lipoprotein lipid profile compared with the
addition of butter. The VLF diets and diets rich in butter, olive oil or safflower oil had different effects on the 20 carbon
eicosanoid precursor fatty acids in the plasma. This suggests that advice on plasma lipid lowering should also take into account
the effect of the diet on the fatty acid profile of the plasma lipids. 相似文献
13.
Mixtures of triglycerides containing deuterium-labeled hexadecanoic acid (16∶0), octadecanoic acid (18∶0),cis-9-octadecenoic acid (9c–18∶1),cis-9,cis-12-octadecadienoic acid (9c, 12c–18∶2) andcis-12,trans-15-octadecadienoic acid (12c,15t–18∶2) were fed to two young-adult males. Plasma lipid classes were isolated from samples
collected periodically over 48 hr. Incorporation and turnover of the deuterium-labeled fats in plasma lipids were followed
by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the methyl ester derivatives. Absorption of the deuterated fats
was followed by GC-MS analysis of chylomicron triglycerides isolated by ultracentrifugation.
Results were the following: (i) endogenous fat contributed about 40% of the total fat incorporated into chylomicron triglycerides;
(ii) elongation, desaturation and chain-shortened products from the deuterated fats were not detected; (iii) the polyunsaturated
isomer 12c,15t–18∶2 was metabolically more similar to saturated and 9c–18∶1 fatty acids than to 9c,12c–18∶2 (iv) relative
incorporation of 9c,12c–18∶2 into phospholipids did not increase proportionally with an increase of 9c,12c–18∶2 in the mixture
of deuterated fats fed; (v) absorption of 16∶0, 18∶0, 9c–18∶1, 9c,12c–18∶2 and 12c,15t–18∶2 were similar; and (vi) data for
the 1- and 2-acyl positions of phosphatidylcholine and for cholesteryl ester fractions reflected the known high specificity
of phosphatidylcholine acyltransferase and lecithin:cholesteryl acyltransferase for 9c,12c–18∶2.
These results illustrate that incorporation of dietary fatty acids into human plasma lipid classes is selectively controlled
and that incorporation of dietary 9c,12c–18∶2 is limited. These results suggest that nutritional benefits of diets high in
9c,12c–18∶2 may be of little value to normal subjects and that the 12c,15t–18∶2 isomer in hydrogenated fat is not a nutritional
liability at the present dietary level. 相似文献
14.
To test the possibility that dietary palmitic acid (16∶0) may be lithogenic, different fats were blended to exchange 18∶1
in olive oil with either 16∶0 in palm stearin, 12∶0+14∶0 in coconut oil, or 14∶0+16∶0 in butterfat. Dietary 18∶2 was held
constant at 1.2% energy (en) (with extra safflower oil as needed) in these four purified diets containing low fat (11% of
total energy) and 0.4% cholesterol. A fifth, high-fat diet provided 40% of the total energy as the 16∶0-rich blend. All hamsters
fed the low-fat, 16∶0-rich blend for six weeks developed cholesterol gallstones (8/8). Although the gallstone incidence was
lower for the 12∶0+14∶0-rich diet (5/8), the severity of stone formation in affected hamsters was equal to that in the low-fat,
16∶0-rich group. Mucin accumulation in gallbladder bile was often associated with cholesterol gallstones in diets containing
16∶0, but was minimal in 18∶1-rich and 12∶0+14∶0-rich groups. Neither the lithogenic index (all>1.0), plasma lipids, nor liver
cholesterol was a selective predictor of stone formation. The high-fat, 16∶0-rich diet actually decreased cholesterol stone
incidence (3/8) and severity, but yielded a high incidence of pigment stones (5/8). Thus, saturated fat and 16∶0per se were not responsible for the exaggerated lithogenesis. Because the antilithogenic 18∶1-rich diet also normalized the 18∶2
intake (1.2% en) relative to previous butter diets (0.3% en), the potential importance of essential fatty acids (EFA) deficiency
in the model was tested in a second study by feeding graded amounts of 18∶2 (0.3, 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2% en) as safflower oil
in four low-fat, butter-rich diets (11% en as fat) without alleviating gallstone incidence or severity. These studies indicate
that substitution of 18∶1 for saturated fatty acids in low-fat diets reduces gallstone formation without affecting the lithogenic
index. Furthermore, intake of 18∶2 at or below the EFA requirement does not appear to be a major factor in this model. 相似文献
15.
Skuladottir GV Olason PI Jonsson L Skarphedinsson JO Eriksdottir VH Atlason PT Franzson L Schiöth HB 《Lipids》2003,38(11):1127-1132
Hyperphagia was achieved by continuous intracerebroventricular infusion of a melanocortin receptor antagonist (HS024; Neosystem,
Strasbourg, France) in rats. The effects of hyperphagia on FA composition and concentration of plasma phospholipids (PL),
plasma FFA, and adipose tissue TAG were studied in rats for 8 d [short-term hyperphagia (STH); n=8], or 28 d [longterm hyperphagia (LTH); n=9]. The control rats were treated with artificial cerebrospinal fluid for 8 d (n=8) or 28 d (n=10). The rats were fed the same regular diet. In STH rats the plasma PL and fasting plasma FFA contained higher concentrations
of saturated FA (SFA) and monounsaturated FA (MUFA), and plasma FFA contained lower n−6 PUFA than in the control rats. In
LTH rats the plasma PL contained higher concentrations of SFA, MUFA, and n−3 PUFA and higher proportions of 16∶1n−7 and 18∶1n−9
at the expense of 18∶2n−6 than in the control rats. In LTH rats the abundant dietary intake of 18∶2n−6 did not enrich 18∶2n−6
of the plasma PL or adipose tissue TAG. In LTH rats the fasting plasma FFA contained more than twofold higher concentrations
of SFA and MUFA, and higher proportions of 16∶1n−7 and 18∶1n−9 at the expense of 18∶2n−6 than in the control rats. This animal
obesity model shows that LTH affects the FA composition and concentration of plasma PL, plasma FFA, and adipose tissue TAG,
a result consistent with changes associated with increased risk of various diseases in humans. These results also demonstrate
that LTH alters the FA composition of plasma PL and adipose tissue TAG in a way that does not reflect the FA composition of
dietary fat. 相似文献
16.
The effect of a diet containingtrans-fatty acids (tFA) on the fatty acid composition and fat accumulation in adipose tissue was investigated in mice. Male C57BI/6J mice were
fed Control or Trans Diets that were similar, except that 50% of the 18∶1, which was allcis in the Control Diet, was replaced bytFA in the Trans Diet. At selected ages, body weight, epididymal fat pad weight, perirenal fat yield, adipose tissue cellularity
and fatty acid composition were examined. Over the time period studied (2–24 mon), the proportion of 18∶0 and 16∶0 tended
to decrease whilecis-18∶1 levels increased. Compared to the Control Diet, the Trans Diet resulted in adipose tissue lipids with higher percentages
of 14∶0 and 18∶2n−6 and lower percentages ofcis-18∶1 and 20∶4n−6. In polar lipids,tFA replaced saturated fatty acids, whereastFA replacedcis-18∶1 in the nonpolar lipids. Body weights at 16 and 24 mon of age and epididymal fat pad weights at 8–24 mon of age were
lower in mice fed the Trans Diet as compared to those fed the Control Diet. At the ages studied, the Trans Diet also resulted
in lower values for perirenal fat weights, triacylglycerol to polar lipid ratios, and adipose cell size. The data suggest
that chronic consumption oftFA affects lipid metabolism and results in decreased fat accumulation in murine adipose tissue. 相似文献
17.
Influence of stage of lactation on the triacylglycerol composition of buffalo milk fat 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Milk fats obtained from colostrum and early, middle and late lactation samples of buffalo milk were analyzed for their triacylglycerol
(TG) compositions. Each milk fat first separated by thin layer chromatography (TLC) into high, medium and low molecular weight
TG. The TG fractions thus obtained were further segregated by argentation TLC, according to their degree of unsaturation into
saturated,trans-monoene,cis-monoene, diene and polyene species. With progressive lactation, the major changes from colostral fat were an increase in
lower fatty acids and decline in oleic acid. This caused, in turn, marked variations in saturated TG and diene TG and, to
a smaller extent, in polyene TG. Monoene TG, bothcis andtrans, remained practically constant throughout. These trends were largely reversed toward the end of lactation.
NDRI publication no. 79-297. 相似文献
18.
The practical separation of cardanol from technical cashew nutshell liquid or its distillate has been effected by liquid chromatography
on Silica Gel H 60 (TLC type) with solute/absorbent in the range 1∶5–1∶6. Concentrates of the monoene, diene and triene constituents
of cardanol have been prepared by argentation liquid chromatography on Silica Gel H 60 with dry incorporation of 15% silver
nitrate. The present use of pressurized columns was made prior to the advent of flash chromatography.
This publication is Part 26 in the series of “Long Chain Phenols”. Reference 1 is Part 25. 相似文献
19.
Cardiolipins (CL) have unique fatty acid profiles with generally high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids, primarily 18∶2n−6,
and low levels of saturated fatty acids. In order to study the effect of dietary fatty acid isomers on the fatty acid composition
of cardiolipins, rats were fed partially hydrogenated marine oils (HMO), rich in 16∶1, 18∶1, 20∶1, and 22∶1 isomeric fatty
acids, supplemented with linoleic acid at levels ranging from 1.9% to 14.5% of total fat. Although the dietary fats contained
33%trans fatty acids, the levels oftrans fatty acids in CL were below 2.5% in all organs. The fatty acid profiles of cardiolipins of liver, heart, kidney and testes
showed different responses to dietary linoleic acid level. In liver, the contents of 18∶2 reflected the dietary levels. In
heart and kidney, the levels of 18∶2 also parallelled increasing dietary levels, but in all groups fed HMO, levels of 18∶2
were considerably higher than in the reference group fed palm oil. In testes, the 18∶2 levels were unaffected by the dietary
level of 18∶2 and HMO. 相似文献
20.
Male Wistar rats were maintained for 30 days on an independent and continuous intragastric infusion of ethanol and nutritionally
defined liquid diet containing only a small amount of corn oil (CO-4.9% calories). Ethanol intake was progressively increased
from 32% to 40.4% of the total calories to maintain a high degree of intoxication during this period. Rats in the control
group were infused with an isocaloric diet in which alcohol was replaced by dextrose. The liver triglyceride (TG) content
of rats given alcohol (61.5±16.4 mg/g) was ca. 10-fold greater than that of controls (5.9±2.1 mg/g) and similar to that observed
previously in rats fed an ethanol diet containing high levels of fat (35% and 43% calories). In TG of fatty liver, the level
of 18∶2 was small (3%), even though CO in the diet contained a high level of this acid. Furthermore, 16∶1 and 16∶0 contents
were markedly elevated (16% and 40%, respectively) despite the fact that CO did not contain 16∶1 and had only a small amount
of 16∶0. Liver TG having a fatty acid (FA) composition markedly different from that of CO and the presence of high levels
of 16∶1 and 16∶0 indicate that the TG accumulated in the fatty liver originated from hepatic lipogenesis rather than from
dietary fat. 相似文献