复合抗氧化剂在猪油中的抗氧化性能研究

使用Rancimat法测试VE、茶多酚、大豆卵磷脂、L-抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯及其复合物对猪油氧化诱导时间的影响,以期研究四种抗氧化剂及复合物在猪油中的抗氧化能力,并使用Schaal烘箱法测试复合抗氧化剂对猪油酸价和过氧化值的影响。结果表明:VE、茶多酚、大豆卵磷脂和L-抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯四种抗氧化剂对猪油都具有抗氧化效果,其抗氧化能力排序为:VE(纯度:98%)>大豆卵磷脂(纯度:62%)>茶多酚(纯度:95%)>L-抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯,比较VE与其他三种抗氧化剂复合时猪油的氧化诱导时间,发现当使用300mg/kg大豆卵磷脂与300mg/kg VE复合时,猪油的氧化诱导时间最长,达到16.34h,在60±1℃下,是否添加抗氧化剂对猪油的酸价影响较小,且远小于国标要求的最大值。但添加大豆卵磷脂与VE复合抗氧化剂后,猪油的过氧化值变化速率明显降低,且抗氧化效果好于单一抗氧化剂。因此VE大豆卵磷脂复合天然抗氧化剂对猪油具有明显的抗氧化效果,并且具有价格便宜、安全健康的特点。     

天然香辛料及其复配对脂肪氧化的影响

比较肉豆蔻、丁香、肉桂、生姜、甘草、月桂、白芷、牛至、茴香、迷迭香十种香辛料不同溶剂提取物的抗氧化效果,然后筛选出四种香辛料提取物,与生育酚(VE)两两复配,考察复配天然抗氧化剂对猪油体系氧化的抑制效果。结果表明:在猪油体系中,同等条件下香辛料乙醇提取物的抗氧化效果优于香辛料水提取物;不同抗氧化剂的作用效果从大到小依次为:BHT生姜甘草迷迭香丁香白芷肉豆蔻月桂桂皮牛至茴香;以生姜、甘草、迷迭香、丁香乙醇提取物以及VE两两复配试验发现,天然抗氧化剂复配具有增效效果,其中迷迭香-生姜效果更优于BHT单独作用效果;抗氧化效果较好的三种复配天然抗氧化剂组合为:迷迭香-生姜BHT甘草-迷迭香VE-迷迭香。     

番茄原浆提取物对油脂的抗氧化性的研究

以过氧化值(POV)为指标研究了番茄红素对猪油的抗氧化性能。结果表明,番茄红素对猪油具有较强的抗氧化作用,且具有剂量效应关系;抗坏血酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸、茶多酚对番茄红素的抗氧化作用均有协同增效作用;番茄红素与合成抗氧化剂混合使用时,其抗氧化能力均好于只添加单一抗氧化剂的效果。     

高温下芝麻素抗氧化性的研究

为开发利用芝麻素天然食品抗氧化剂,系统研究了芝麻素热稳定抗氧化活性。研究结果表明:在高温下,芝麻素具有良好的抗氧化性,对猪油和菜籽油抗氧化效果高于同浓度的对照组,磷酸对芝麻素在猪油中的抗氧化活性有显著的增效作用,并对由金属离子(Cu2 、Fe2 )引起的促氧化作用有明显的抑制效应。     

天然抗氧化剂

食品中应用的抗氧化剂最理想的是天然抗氧化剂,例如含油脂、猪油、禽类脂肪、鱼油、植物油的食品中均有,不过所含天然生育酚的量较低。天然抗氧化剂对食品工业很重要,尤其当消费者喜好,而管理机构规定禁用合成抗氧化剂时。生育酚形式的抗氧化剂存     

二氢杨梅素在猪油体系中的抗氧化作用研究

二氢杨梅素是一种开发前景广阔的新型食品用天然抗氧化剂。旨在研究二氢杨梅素及其增效剂对其在猪油体系中的抗氧化活性的影响,通过测定丙二醛吸光值和过氧化物值来评价抗氧化效果,确定纯度为95%的二氢杨梅素在猪油体系中的最优添加量为0.04%;当添加量为0.02%时,L-抗坏血酸、柠檬酸和EDTA可有效地提高二氢杨梅素的抗氧化性能。     

茶多酚棕榈酸酯在猪油中的应用

研究了不同的抗氧化剂BHA、BHT、TBHQ、迷迭香提取物(ROS)、维生素E、抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯(AP)、茶多酚棕榈酸酯(TE)在猪油中的抗氧化效果。在猪油中,使用TBHQ存在发红现象,使用维生素E抗氧化效果不理想,使用0.02%的茶多酚棕榈酸酯能有效地弥补其它抗氧化剂的不足,是非常适用于猪油的健康抗氧化剂。     

不同保藏条件下猪油稳定性的研究

动物油脂含有多不饱和脂肪酸,很容易出现酸价升高[1]、哈败等品质下降的情况,生产企业也会采取各种方法来减少各种诱发因素,本篇文章就以猪油为例,通过正交和多因素控制实验,采用不同的保藏时间、保藏温度及添加抗氧化剂的方法,针对猪油的AV值和POV值的升高进行研究。研究中发现,其他条件相同时控制温度对控制猪油AV值和POV值的影响最大;控制O2对控制AV值的效果不大,对控制POV值的效果很大;36℃/O2促氧化条件下,添加抗氧化剂VE抑制AV升高的效果最好,VE、BHT、TBHQ抑制POV升高的效果最好。     

VE复合抗氧化剂在猪油中的抗氧化性能研究

以VE,VE分别与茶多酚、迷迭香、硫辛酸、槲皮素的复合物为抗氧化剂,添加到猪油中,比对其抗氧化性能。结果表明:VE、茶多酚、迷迭香、硫辛酸、槲皮素都具有一定的抗氧化效果,相同添加量的情况下单品的抗氧化能力大小顺序为:槲皮素>茶多酚>迷迭香>硫辛酸>VE;VE与四种天然的抗氧化剂1∶1进行复合以后与单一的抗氧化剂相比都具有一定的增效作用。     

提高维生素E抗油脂氧化效果的研究

维生素E对油脂的抗氧化效果是肯定无疑的。然而它的效果与它的同分异构体的含量、添加量以及实验油脂的种类、储存温度等条件密切相关。虽然VE 比合成抗氧化剂的抗氧化效果差些 ,但VE 是天然抗氧化剂 ,添加在食用油或油脂食品中 ,可解除人们的不安心理。为了在实践中更有效地使用VE,对使用柠檬酸或L -抗坏血酸 (VC)作为增效剂提高VE 抗氧化效果进行了研究。研究结果表明 ,以柠檬酸作为增效剂 ,添加于猪油中 ,6 0℃烘箱试验 ,VE 的抗氧化性提高了 ,比单独使用VE 效果好 ;以柠檬酸或VC 作增效剂添加于机榨菜籽油中 ,室温储存 ,VE 的抗氧化效果明显提高。两者均比单独使用VE 抗氧化效果好 ;以柠檬酸或VC 作增效剂添加于精炼棉籽油中 ,室温储存 ,对于提高VE 抗氧化效果不明显     

Natural antioxidants against lipid–protein oxidative deterioration in meat and meat products: A review

Oxidation is a well-known non-microbial cause of quality loss in meat. Oxidative stress occurs due to uneven generation of free radicals reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) which triggers oxidative and/or nitrosative stress and damage of macromolecules including the lipid and protein fractions. Failure of synthetic antioxidants to combat multiple health risks associated with this stress and maintenance of functional integrity of oxidised meat hitherto remains a challenge to the meat industry. A search for a viable alternative amidst the unexploited novel sources of natural antioxidants stands as a sustainable option for preserving the meat quality. In this paper, the potential use of bioactive compounds in medicinal plants is reviewed as phytoremedy against lipid–protein oxidation. Synergistic antimicrobial potentials of these natural antioxidants are also revealed against oxidative deterioration in meat and meat products and, for enhancing their functional properties.     

Plant extracts as natural antioxidants in meat and meat products

Antioxidants are used to minimize the oxidative changes in meat and meat products. Oxidative changes may have negative effects on the quality of meat and meat products, causing changes in their sensory and nutritional properties. Although synthetic antioxidants have already been used but in recent years, the demand for natural antioxidants has been increased mainly because of adverse effects of synthetic antioxidants. Thus most of the recent investigations have been directed towards the identification of natural antioxidants from various plant sources. Plant extracts have been prepared using different solvents and extraction methods. Grape seed, green tea, pine bark, rosemary, pomegranate, nettle and cinnamon have exhibited similar or better antioxidant properties compared to some synthetic ones. This review provides the recent information on plant extracts used as natural antioxidants in meat and meat products, specifically red meat.     

甘草总黄酮对油脂抗氧化作用研究

以过氧化值(POV)为指标,采用Schaal烘箱法研究了甘草总黄酮对油脂的抗氧化性能。结果表明:甘草总黄酮对四种食用油脂均有良好的抗氧化效果,且对猪油具有较强的抗氧化作用,其作用具有剂量效应关系;VC、柠檬酸、酒石酸对甘草总黄酮的抗氧化作用均有协同增效作用;甘草总黄酮与合成抗氧化剂混合使用时,其抗氧化能力均好于只添加单一抗氧化剂的效果。     

天然抗氧化剂对鱼糜及鱼糜制品抗氧化能力及品质影响的研究进展

鱼糜及鱼糜制品中富含多不饱和脂肪酸和蛋白质,在冷藏鱼糜及鱼糜制品贮藏和运输中极易发生脂肪氧化和蛋白质氧化,使风味、品质以及凝胶特性降低。抗氧化剂可以有效抑制鱼糜及鱼糜制品脂肪和蛋白质的氧化。天然抗氧化剂相对于化学合成抗氧化剂具有更安全、更高效等优点。因此,在鱼糜及鱼糜制品中添加天然抗氧化剂是一种更为安全可接受的抗氧化手段,能有效抑制蛋白质降解、脂肪氧化、腥味增加及微生物引起的腐败变质等问题,从而有效提高产品品质、风味和凝胶特性。本文主要综述了天然抗氧化剂的种类、来源、抗氧化作用机理以及其对鱼糜及鱼糜制品的影响等,可为天然抗氧化剂在鱼糜产品中的应用提供参考。     

Antioxidants in bakery products: a review

Fats impart taste and texture to the product but it is susceptible to oxidation leading to the development of rancidity and off-flavor. Since ancient times it has been in practice to use antioxidants in foods. Discovery of synthetic antioxidants has revolutionized the use of antioxidants in food. The effect of these antioxidants in bakery products were reviewed and found to be effective in enhancing the shelf life. Animal experimental studies have shown that some of the synthetic antioxidants had toxigenic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic effects. Hence there is an increasing demand for the use of natural antioxidants in foods, especially in bakery products. Some of the natural antioxidants such as alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene, and ascorbic acid were already used in bakery products. These natural antioxidants are found to be effective in enhancing the shelf life of bakery products but not to the extent of synthetic antioxidants. Baking processing steps may lower the antioxidative activity but techniques such as encapsulation of antioxidants can retain their activity. Antioxidative activity of the plant extracts such as garcinia, curcumin, vanillins, and mint were reviewed but studies on their role in bakery products were limited or very few. Hence there is a wide scope for study under this direction in depth.     

芫荽籽提取物的抗氧化及其稳定性研究

用分光光度法对芫荽籽粗提物的抗氧化性进行初步研究。考察芫荽籽的不同溶剂粗提物对油脂的抗氧化能力,对羟自由基(.OH)和过氧化氢(H2O2)的清除能力,以及在不同条件下芫荽籽粗提物的稳定性。结果表明,芫荽籽95%乙醇提取物对油脂的抗氧化性显著,对.OH和H2O2均具有较好的清除作用。该粗提物的光、热稳定性较差。     

Natural antioxidants in meat and poultry products

In response to recent claims that synthetic antioxidants have the potential to cause toxicological effects and consumers' increased interest in purchasing natural products, the meat and poultry industry has been seeking sources of natural antioxidants. Due to their high phenolic compound content, fruits and other plant materials provide a good alternative to conventional antioxidants. Plum, grape seed extract, cranberry, pomegranate, bearberry, pine bark extract, rosemary, oregano, and other spices functions as antioxidants in meat and poultry products. Pomegranate, pine bark extract, cinnamon, and cloves have exhibited stronger antioxidant properties than some synthetic options. Plum products, grape seed extract, pine bark extract, rosemary, and some spices all have been shown to affect the color of finished meat or poultry products; however, in some products such as pork sausage or uncured meats, an increase in red color may be desired. When selecting a natural antioxidant, sensory and quality impact on the product should be considered to achieve desired traits.     

Impact of polyphenols from banana pseudostem on sunflower oil stability

The present investigation is focused on the potential use of banana pseudostem, which otherwise is disposed off as a waste, as a source of polyphenols or antioxidants. The polyphenols extracted from the outer leaf sheaths of 3 Indian banana (Musa spp.) cultivars namely, ‘Nendhran’, ‘Robusta’, and ‘Kathali’ were tested for antioxidant activities. The extracts showed effective DPPH, hydroxyl, and superoxide radical scavenging ability. Among the banana cultivars, ‘Nendhran’ followed by ‘Robusta’ contained the highest total phenolic (110.45 and 94.03 mg GAE/g extract, respectively) and total flavonoid (49.62 and 38.61 mg QE/g extract, respectively) contents and antiradical activity. Further, the study was aimed to evaluate the protective effects of the polyphenolic extracts in stabilizing sunflower oil, tested in terms of peroxide value, free fatty acid contents, and p-anisidine values in comparison with the synthetic antioxidants, butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene. In addition, the antioxidant activity and total phenolic contents of the extract-treated oil samples were also monitored to obtain a complete perspective of the influence exerted by the polyphenols in oil stability. The results demonstrated that polyphenols from pseudostem of banana cultivars are potent source of natural antioxidants and might serve as a substitute for synthetic antioxidants in oil industry.     

马兰头黄酮粗提物对油脂的抗氧化活性研究

目的 分析马兰头黄酮粗提物对油脂的抗氧化性能及体外自由基清除能力。方法 以酸价、过氧化值为指标, 分析2,6二叔丁基对甲酚(butylated hydroxytoluene, BHT)、马兰头黄酮粗提物对花生油、大豆油、猪油的抗酸败氧化性能; 以抗坏血酸为对照, 分析马兰头黄酮粗提物对2,2’-联氮-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑-6-硫酸二铵盐[2,2''-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), ABTS+]自由基的清除能力。结果 马兰头黄酮粗提物可以有效抑制油脂酸价的升高, 可分别将猪油、大豆油的过氧化值超标耐受天数从3、4 d延长至4、5 d, 与BHT作用效果差异不显著(P>0.05), 它对花生油过氧化值的升高抑制作用无实际应用意义; 马兰头黄酮粗提物水溶液对ABTS+自由基清除率最高可达到104.0%±0.9%。结论 马兰头黄酮粗提物具有较好的抑制油脂氧化的作用和很好的自由基清除能力, 具有较好的天然油脂抗氧化剂开发前景。