Low frequency damping properties of a NiMnTi shape memory alloy

The present study investigated the low frequency damping properties of a NiMnTi shape memory alloy (SMA) for the first time. The NiMnTi SMA had a high β?θ′ internal friction peak at approximately 125 °C and a low relaxation peak at approximately − 45 °C in the dynamic mechanical analysis cooling tan δ curve. The relaxation peak possessed an activation energy of 0.64 ± 0.03 eV and its damping capacity gradually decreased with the increase of thermal cycling. The NiMnTi SMA also had a good inherent internal friction with tan δ = 0.009 at approximately 140 °C and is a promising high damping alloy for high temperature applications.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of an indirect-extruded Mg-8Sn-1Al-1Zn alloy

The microstructure and mechanical properties of an indirect-extruded Mg-8Sn-1Al-1Zn (TAZ811) alloy were investigated and compared with those of a commercial Mg-3Al-1Zn (AZ31) alloy. In the extruded condition, the TAZ811 alloy shows a much smaller grain size but a stronger basal texture than the AZ31 alloy. In addition, the TAZ811 alloy contains fine Mg₂Sn particles in the microstructure, whereas the AZ31 alloy reveals relatively coarse and sparse Al-Mn particles. The TAZ811 alloy showed tensile and compressive strengthening as well as a reduction in yield asymmetry between tension and compression, which is mainly due to grain refinement and the presence of fine Mg₂Sn particles.     

Microstructural evolution and superplasticity of rolled Mg-9Al-1Zn

Microstructural evolution and superplasticity of a Mg-9Al-1Zn alloy rolled at 673 K were investigated at 573 K and 1.5×10⁻³ s⁻¹. The grain size of the as-rolled Mg alloy was 39.5 μm. However, the grain size of the specimen deformed to a true strain of 0.6 was 9.1 μm. The grain refinement was attributed to dynamically continuous recrystallization during an initial stage of tensile test. Stabilization of subgrain boundaries by fine particles and stimulation of continuous recrystallization by prior warm-deformation were not needed to attain dynamically continuous recrystallization in the Mg alloy. As a result of the grain refinement, the rolled Mg alloy exhibited superplastic behavior.     

Heat-treatable Mg-9Al-6Sn-3Zn extrusion alloy

Mg-9Al-6Sn-3Zn (wt%) alloy was extruded and heat treated in T5 and T6 conditions, and its mechanical properties and microstructures were investigated. The extruded product can be slightly strengthened by the T5 treatment as a result of sparse and heterogeneous precipitation. Significant increase in strength is achieved by the T6 treatment, and this is mostly attributed to the formation of lamellar discontinuous Mg₁₇Al₁₂ precipitates. The segregation of Al and Zn at grain boundaries is responsible for the discontinuous Mg₁₇Al₁₂ nucleation. The T6-treated alloy exhibits a tensile yield strength of 341 MPa and an ultimate tensile strength of 409 MPa, together with an elongation to fracture of 4%.     

Preparation and properties of Mg-Cu-Mn-Zn-Y damping magnesium alloy

This paper presents the successful preparation of a high-damping, high-strength Mg-Cu-Mn-Zn-Y alloy by alloying and extrusion. The damping capacity of the as-cast Mg-3Cu-1Mn alloy (alloy 1) displayed evident variations with changes in Y and Zn content. The as-cast Mg-3Cu-1Mn-2Zn-1Y alloy (alloy 2) exhibited excellent damping capacity and unusual damping growth in the high-strain amplitude stage; the damping capacity of alloy 2 exceeded that of alloy 1 and even approached that of pure Mg when the strain amplitude exceeded 5 × 10⁻⁴. This observation is believed to be related to the formation of long and parallel dislocation configurations and the interactions between these dislocations and plastic second-phase particles. The study also showed a remarkable improvement in the mechanical properties of as-extruded Mg-Cu-Mn-Zn-Y alloys. We attribute this finding to dynamic recrystallization, dispersion strengthening, and work hardening during hot extrusion.     

Deformation mechanism and dynamic precipitation in a Mg-7Al-2Sn alloy processed by surface mechanical attrition treatment

The effect of second phases on the deformation mechanism of as-cast, solution-treated and aged Mg-7Al-2Sn (AT72) alloys during surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) was investigated. Twinning was suppressed in the alloys containing second phases, which can provide nonuniform microstructures and phase boundaries as dislocation sources. Dynamic precipitation in AT72 alloys was studied during SMAT deformation as well. Mg₂Sn particles can dynamically precipitate on the surface of all AT72 alloys during SMAT process. The quantity of Mg₂Sn particles in the as-cast alloy, which is determined by the initial quantity of second phases, is larger than that of T4 and T6 alloys after the SMAT process.     

Texture and mechanical properties of ultrafine-grained Mg-3Al-1Zn alloy sheets prepared by high-ratio differential speed rolling

Mechanical properties and textures of the ultrafine grained (UFG) Mg-3Al-1Zn (AZ31) alloy with a mean grain size of 1 μm produced by high-ratio differential speed rolling were investigated. The resulting material exhibited high strength and relatively high ductility at ambient temperature. The high strength was attributed to grain-size and texture strengthening, while the high ductility was attributed to suppression of inhomogeneous twinning and increased strain-rate-sensitivity. The rolling temperature and the amount of shear strain accumulated during HRDSR affected the basal texture intensity and the rotation angle of the basal poles. Bimodal grain-size distribution obtained by annealing the UFG AZ31 at 573 K for a short time period resulted in considerable improvement of uniform elongation.     

Effect of Pd on microstructures and tensile properties of as-cast Mg-6Al-1Zn alloys

The effects of Pd on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-6Al-1Zn alloys were investigated. Mg-6Al-1Zn-xPd (x = 0-6 wt.%) alloys were prepared using a permanent mould casting method. The microstructure of the as-cast alloys was characterized by the presence of Mg₁₇Al₁₂ and Al₄Pd phases. The volume fraction of the Al₄Pd phase was increased by the addition of 1-6 wt.%Pd but the volume fraction of the Mg₁₇Al₁₂ phases decreased. At room temperature, the tensile strength increased with increasing Pd addition up to 2 wt.%Pd, and the elongation to fracture decreased with a concomitant increase in the aggregation of the coarse Al₄Pd phase. At 150 °C, the tensile strength increased with the addition of Pd. Therefore, the room and elevated temperature tensile properties of as-cast Mg-6Al-1Zn alloys can be improved by Pd addition.     

Mechanical,tribological and anti-corrosive properties of polyaniline/graphene coated Mg-9Li-7Al-1Sn and Mg-9Li-5Al-3Sn-1Zn alloys

The mechanical, tribological and corrosion protection offered to Mg-9Li-7Al-1Sn and Mg-9Li-5Al-3Sn-1Zn alloys by the epoxy coating containing polyaniline/graphene (PANI/Gr) pigments is undertaken in the current work. PANI/Gr containing coatings were observed to be strongly adherent with a higher scratch hardness (H_s) and plowing hardness (H_p), i.e. H_s of 0.43 GPa, and H_p of 0.61 GPa, respectively when compared to that of neat epoxy coating (H_s of 0.17 GPa, and H_p of 0.40 GPa, respectively). Due to their higher H_s and H_p values, PANI/Gr based coatings displayed an enhanced wear resistance (Wear volume, W_v = 4.53 × 10^-3 m³) than that of neat epoxy coating (W_v = 5.15 × 10⁻³ m³). The corrosion protection efficiency in corrosive environment of 3.5 wt% NaCl solution was obtained to be >99% for PANI/Gr containing coatings when compared to that of neat epoxy coating. The charge-transfer resistance (R_ct) of the PANI/Gr containing coatings were estimated to be >10⁶ Ω cm², which indicates their highly protective nature when compared to that of neat epoxy coating (R_ct ˜10⁵ Ω cm²). Hence, PANI/Gr containing coatings can be potentially used for wear resistance and corrosion protection applications in marine environments.     

挤压态Mg-2Sn-2Bi-0.5Ca-0.2Mn合金的显微组织和力学性能

低合金化的Mg-Sn-Bi基合金具有较高的拉伸延展性和挤压成形性,是开发高强韧镁合金的理想材料。为了弥补其强度不足的缺点,本文通过微合金化设计了一种新型的低合金化Mg-2Sn-2Bi-0.5Ca-0.2Mn镁合金,该合金在挤压温度为523 K、挤压比为25∶1的条件下被成功挤压成形。采用电子背散射衍射仪(EBSD)、X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等技术表征挤压态合金的组织特征和相组成,并利用拉伸试验机测试了挤压态合金的室温拉伸性能,此外,还对合金的强韧化机制和加工硬化行为进行了详细的讨论。结果表明：挤压态合金主要由α-Mg、Mg₃Bi₂以及Mg₂Bi₂Ca相组成,且表现出几乎完全的动态再结晶组织和典型的挤压镁合金织构;合金的拉伸屈服强度为287.2 MPa,抗拉强度为353.0 MPa,伸长率为20.0%,具有良好的强韧性匹配度。合金展现出的高屈服强度是晶界强化、第二相强化和织构强化共同作用的结果;合金的断口形貌表现出典型的韧性断裂特征,然而粗大Mg<...     

Internal friction of Cu-13.5Al-4Ni shape memory alloy measured by dynamic mechanical analysis under isothermal conditions

Cu-13.5Al-4Ni shape memory alloy (SMA) exhibits a β₁(DO₃) → β₁′ (18R) internal friction peak with high damping capacity and elevated martensitic transformation temperature in a dynamic mechanical analysis tan δ cooling curve. When the specimen is isothermally maintained at peak temperature, the damping capacity decreases significantly and reaches a steady value. The inherent and intrinsic internal frictions of Cu-13.5Al-4Ni SMA are extremely low because the β₁′ (18R) martensite has an ordered 9R structure with stacking faults rather than twinning with movable twin boundaries.     

Strength and ductility of novel Mg-8Sn-1Al-1Zn alloys extruded at different speeds

A novel Mg-8Sn-1Al-1Zn alloy developed for high-speed extrusion was successfully extruded at speeds in a range of 2-10 m/min at a temperature of 250 °C. The effect of extrusion speed on the microstructure and tensile properties of the extruded alloys was investigated. Grain size, recrystallization fraction and texture were found to be greatly affected by the extrusion speed, resulting in tensile properties showing lower strength and ductility as the extrusion speed increased. The strength and ductility of the extruded alloys are also discussed in terms of the formation of double twins during the tensile test.     

Biocorrosion properties of as-extruded Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr alloy compared with commercial AZ31 and WE43 alloys

A new type of patented biodegradable biomedical magnesium alloy Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr (hereafter, denoted as JDBM) was prepared in this study. The biocorrosion properties of the as-extruded JDBM alloy were investigated in simulated body fluid (SBF) by hydrogen evolution, mass loss and electrochemical tests. The biocorrosion properties of as-extruded AZ31 and as-extruded WE43 alloys as well as the mechanical properties at room temperature were also studied in order to compare with the novel JDBM biodegradable biomedical magnesium alloy. The results show that the as-extruded JDBM alloy not only owns much better mechanical properties at room temperature but also exhibits much better biocorrosion properties in SBF.     

In vitro corrosion resistance and antibacterial performance of novel tin dioxide-doped calcium phosphate coating on degradable Mg-1Li-1Ca alloy

A SnO_2-doped calcium phosphate(Ca-P-Sn) coating was constructed on Mg-1 Li-1 Ca alloy by a hydrothermal process. The fabricated functional coatings were investigated using scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR). A triple-layered structure, which is composed of Ca_3(PO_4)_2,(Ca, Mg)_3(PO_4)_2, SnO_2, and MgHPO_4·3 H_2O, is evident and leads to the formation of Ca_(10)(PO_4)_6(OH)_2 in Hank's solution. Electrochemical measurements, hydrogen evolution tests and plating counts reveal that the corrosion resistance and antibacterial activity were improved through the coating treatment. The embedded SnO_2 nanoparticles enhanced crystallisation of the coating.The formation and degradation mechanisms of the coating were discussed.     

Phenomenological representation of mechanical spectroscopy of high damping MnCuNiFe alloy

ABSTRACT

MnCuNiFe damping alloy was prepared to characterise the dynamic mechanical behaviour under varied frequency by employing dynamic mechanical analyzer, optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The relationship of characteristic temperatures is disentangled by antiferromagnetic transition (AFT), the strain glass transition and reverse martensitic transformation. It is reported that although only f.c.c. (γ) phase exists in the alloy under solution state, twins are induced by AFT. The aged alloy shows an elevated damping capacity while the maximum internal friction decreases from 0.1 to 10?Hz and then increases to 150?Hz, demonstrating the system resonant frequency of about 10?Hz under the vibration mode of double cantilever beam.     

RE对Mg-8Zn-4Al-0.3Mn镁合金阻尼性能的影响

研究了 RE对Mg-8Zn-4Al-0.3Mn镁合金阻尼性能的影响.研究表明,加入RE后降低了合金低温下的阻尼性能,但明显提高了其在高温下(≥120℃)的阻尼性能.高温下,加入1.0%RE的合金表现出了最高的阻尼性能.由于高温下合金中相界面的软化及粘性滑动,四种合金在高温下均存在一个温度内耗峰,只是出现的温度不同.RE的加入推迟了温度内耗峰出现的温度.分析认为,加入RE后合金的阻尼机制主要是位错机制和界面机制.可动位错密度越高,晶粒越细,晶界和相界越多,阻尼性能越好.     

Damping behaviour of AZ91 magnesium alloy with cracks

The amplitude-dependent damping of a commercial magnesium cast alloy AZ91 was determined at room temperature by measurement of the logarithmic decrement of free decaying vibrations of bending beams clamped at one side. In order to generate cracks in the specimens they were subjected to (1) isochronal heat treatments for 1 h at temperatures above 400 °C with succeeding quenching in cold water and (2) controlled fatigue bending loading in the same equipment also used for the damping measurements. After both treatments, the amplitude-dependent damping curves show a maximum for strains 10⁻⁵ to 10⁻³, which can be correlated with the presence of cracks and can be explained by a simple rheological model based on crack damping. This maximum is enhanced when the number of loading cycles or the quenching temperature is increased which can be explained by crack nucleation. Crack growth with increasing number of loading cycles shifts the maximum to lower strains.     

Dealloying corrosion of anodic and nanometric Mg41Nd5 in solid solution-treated Mg-3Nd-1Li-0.2Zn alloy

The microstructure and chemical compositions of the solid solution-treated Mg-3Nd-1Li-0.2Zn alloy were characterized using optical microscope,scanning electron microscope(SEM),transmission electron microscope(TEM),electron probe micro-analyzer(EPMA)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The corrosion behaviour of the alloy was investigated via electrochemical polarization,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS),hydrogen evolution test and scanning Kelvin probe(SKP).The results showed that the microstructure of the as-extruded Mg-3Nd-1Li-0.2Zn alloy contained α-Mg matrix and nanometric second phase Mg41 Nd5.The grain size of the alloy increased significantly with the increase in the heat-treatment duration,whereas the volume fraction of the second phase decreased after the solid solution treatment.The surface film was composed of oxides(Nd2O3,MgO,Li2O and ZnO)and carbonates(MgCO3 and Li2CO3),in addition to Nd.The as-extruded alloy exhibited the best corrosion resistance after an initial soaking of 10 min,whereas the alloy with 4h-solution-treatment possessed the lowest corrosion rate after a longer immersion(1 h).This can be attributed to the formation of Nd-containing oxide film on the alloys and a dense corrosion product layer.The dealloying corrosion of the second phase was related to the anodic Mg41Nd5 with a more negative Volta potential relative to α-Mg phase.The preferential corrosion of Mg41Nd5 is proven by in-situ observation and SEM.The solid solution treatment of Mg-3Nd-1Li-0.2Zn alloy led to a shift in corrosion type from pitting corrosion to uniform corrosion under long-term exposure.     

Compression properties at different loading directions of as-extruded Mg–9RY–4Zn (RY: Y-rich misch metal) alloy with long period stacking ordered phase

The compression properties at different loading directions of as-extruded Mg–9RY–4Zn alloy with long period stacking ordered (LPSO) phase were investigated. The compressive yield strength (σ_0.2), ultimate compressive strength (σ) and elongation to failure (ε) are 272 MPa, 520 MPa and 19% at ED, 172 MPa, 412 MPa and 17% at TD, and 150 MPa, 370 MPa and 16% at 45° orientation, respectively. The excellent compression properties result from the 14H LPSO strips and random oriented DRX grains with 14H LPSO lamellae. Meanwhile, the as-extruded Mg–9RY–4Zn alloy exhibits obvious mechanical anisotropy. The strength at ED is much higher than that at 45° orientation. Specific to the present alloy, besides the weak basal texture, it is considered that the LPSO long strips with characteristic orientation play an important role in influencing the mechanical anisotropy.     

Influence of Grain Size and Texture on the Yield Asymmetry of Mg-3Al-1Zn Alloy

The yield asymmetry between compression and tension of magnesium alloy Mg-3Al-1Zn(AZ31) with different grain sizes and textures has been studied by tensile and compressive testing of as-cast,as-extruded and equal channel angular pressed(ECAPed) specimens.The significant yield asymmetry(the ratio of yield strength between compression and tension σyc/σyt is ～0.44) was found in as-extruded specimens and the corresponding microstructure evolution during deformation revealed that {10 ˉ 12} tensile twinning is the underlying reason for the large yield asymmetry.Strong texture and grain size are influential factors for large yield asymmetry.The separate contributions of grain size and texture on yield asymmetry were investigated.