煤矿内因火灾防治方法及其有效性分析

介绍了煤矿中煤自然发火的一般规律,并分析了技术方法防(灭)火、均压防(灭)火、黄泥灌浆防(灭)火、氮气防(灭)火、凝胶防(灭)火等几种常用的预防内因火灾的防(灭)火方法;同时,对这些方法的防(灭)火有效性进行了分析,提出了实施这些方法的注意事项,以期能更好地预防煤自燃,从而更好地为矿井安全生产服务.     

离散正则化方法在煤矿井下隐蔽火源反演中的应用

矿井煤炭自燃是煤矿五大自然灾害之一,而煤炭自燃隐蔽火源位置的确定是解决煤炭白燃问题的关键。针对矿井隐蔽火源存在的特点,将火源位置的确定问题归结为热传导方程的寻源反问题。在理想状态下,假定火源为线火源,采用离散正则化方法对矿井隐蔽线火源进行反演。反演结果表明：该方法能够准确地反演出火源的特性;通过求解热传导寻源反演的方法是解决矿井隐蔽火源发火特性的有效途径,对矿井防灭火研究具有较高的理论和实际应用价值。     

注氮防灭火技术在煤矿中的应用

为了有效预防、控制和扑灭井下火灾,通过煤矿对注氮防灭火的实践应用,认为以注氮为主的防灭火是井下预防火灾和减少火灾损失的一种非常有价值和实用的技术,它可用于煤矿自燃发火的预防（稳定和控制发热）、火势控制、窒息火区、可控制的缩封和启封火区。当氮气注入工作面采空区或火区,使氧含量降低到5％～10％时,可抑制煤的氧化自燃以及瓦斯爆炸,而氧含量降低到3％以下时,则可以使煤炭燃烧熄灭并阻止其复燃。该技术在宁夏煤矿火灾的防治中得到多次应用,其技术处在国内先进水平之列,对于开采自燃煤层煤矿火灾预防与防治具有积极的推广价值。     

Restraining effect of nitrogen on coal oxidation in different stages:Non-isothermal TG-DSC and EPR research

Nitrogen is widely used to prevent the spontaneous combustion of coal in underground coal mines. A spontaneous combustion-prone coal seam was studied to investigate the restraining effect of nitrogen on coal oxidation in different oxidation stages, based on non-isothermal thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry(TG-DSC) and electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR) experiments. We found that the key feature temperatures grow steadily with increasing nitrogen in the oxidation environment,resulting in longer oxidation stages. The most significant finding is that there is a stagnation of the inhibitory effect of nitrogen on coal oxidation in the range of 85.0–95.0% nitrogen in the slow and the rapid oxidation stages, owing to the competitive adsorption of coal by nitrogen and oxygen. However, the restraining effect cannot be reflected by the kinetic parameters of the coal before it reaches the thermal decomposition and combustion stage. Nitrogen can also affect free radical types and free radical concentrations during coal oxidation: the higher the concentration of nitrogen in the oxidation environment, the greater the number of free radical types and the lower the free radical concentration. This experimental study improves the understanding of the restraining effect of nitrogen on coal oxidation in different oxidation stages and provides an important reference for coal fire prevention in spontaneous combustionprone coal seams.     

Theoretical analysis and applications of Y-Inversion Ventilation System in a mine fire zone

Based on mine fire fighting practices at the 1110 working face of the Brapukuria Coal Mine,Bangladesh,we introduce and discuss the Y-Inversion Ventilation System,the latest technology used both in mine fire zone management and the unsealing process.This ventilation system can ensure that all miners breathed fresh air,providing protection for them during fire fighting and unsealing the fire zone.On the other hand,adjusting the amount of air at the working face and forming a CO leakage path controlled the state of the fire and as well ensured that the different fire extinguishing measures could be applied successfully.These are all fundamental techniques which ensured successful fire extinguishing and unsealing of the fire zone.We also analyzed the main reasons for the spontaneous coal combustion that occurred at the 1110 working face.Successful application of advanced composite polymer colloidal perfusion techniques,polymer foam MEA perfusion and fire-prevention technology by infusing nitrogen,used in mine fire zone management and unsealing,are presented.We value the experience with these techniques very highly and are of the opinion that these techniques could be widely used in mine fire fighting practices under similar spontaneous coal combustion conditions elsewhere.     

FAULT TREE ANALYSIS OF SPONTANEOUS COMBUSTION OF SULPHIDE ORES AND ITS RISK ASSESSMENT

ＦＡＵＬＴＴＲＥＥＡＮＡＬＹＳＩＳＯＦＳＰＯＮＴＡＮＥＯＵＳＣＯＭＢＵＳＴＩＯＮＯＦＳＵＬＰＨＩＤＥＯＲＥＳＡＮＤＩＴＳＲＩＳＫＡＳＳＥＳＳＭＥＮＴＷｕＣｈａｏ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＲｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓＥｘｐｌｏｉｔａｔｉｏｎＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ...     

预报煤炭自燃的CO指标气体临界值研究

CO气体作为预报煤炭自燃的指标气体在煤矿中已被广泛使用,但有些矿井回采面上隅角始终存在CO气体,甚至超出矿业安全规定的临界指标,特别是在综采或综放工作面这一现象更明显,尽管采取多种防灭火措施,只能使CO气体涌出量减少而不能消除CO的产生,为了解其原因,在实验室做了不同煤种低温氧化实验,通过实验发现有些煤种在常温氧化条件下就会出现CO气体,甚至出现的CO量还很大,且随着煤的氧化时间的延长,产生CO气体强度在降低。为了及时准确、可靠预报煤炭自然发火,合理选择CO指标气体临界值是关键。利用多阀气相色谱仪检测常温条件下不同煤种氧化放出的CO气体量,对合理的CO指标气体的临界值进行了研究,确定不同情况下CO的临界值。     

Spontaneous combustion liability between coal seams: A thermogravimetric study

The spontaneous combustion liability of coal can be determined by using different experimental techniques. These techniques are well-known in their application, but no certain test method has become a standard to prove the reliability of all of them. A general characterisation which included proximate and ultimate analyses, petrographic properties and spontaneous combustion tests(thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) and the Wits-Ehac tests) were conducted on fourteen coal and four coal-shale samples.The spontaneous combustion liability of these samples collected between coal seams(above and below)were predicted using the TGA and the Wits-Ehac tests. Six different heating rates(3, 6, 9, 15, 20 and 25 °C/min) were selected based on the deviation coefficient to obtain different derivative slopes and a liability index termed the TG_(spc) index. This study found that coal and coal-shale undergo spontaneous combustion between coal seams when exposed to oxygen in the air. Their intrinsic properties and proneness towards spontaneous combustion differ considerably from one seam to the other. The Wits-Ehac test results agreed with the TG_(spc) results to a certain extent and revealed the incidents of spontaneous combustion in the coal mines.     

The shortest period of coal spontaneous combustion on the basis of oxidative heat release intensity

It’s necessary to forecast the shortest spontaneous combustion period for preventing and controlling the coal spontaneous combustion. During the experimental process, a calculating model of the SSCP is established on the basis of the oxidative heat release intensity and thermal capacity at different temperatures. According to the basic parameters of spontaneous combustion, heat of water evaporation and gas desorption, the SSCPs of different coals are further predicted. Finally, this study analyzed the relationships of the SSCP and the judging indexes of the self-ignite tendency. The result shows that the SSCP non-linearly increases with the decrease of dynamic oxygen adsorption and increase of activation energy. Compared with the practical fire situation of mine, this reliable method can meet the actual requirement of mine production.     

耿村矿综放面采空区“三带”的观测与分析

通过对耿村矿１３０１１综放面采空区“三带”的观测,证实了在采空区中部布置观测管路观测气体方案的可行性,采集的气体更具代表性．在分析观测数据的基础上确定了采空区“三带”的宽度范围,并结合耿村矿煤层自然发火期,指出了防止采空区遗煤自燃所必需的工作面最低推进速度,讨论了某一工作面在不同时期影响“三带”范围变化的主要因素,为防止采空区遗煤自燃提供了依据．     

乌达矿区煤自燃预测标志气体研究

为遴选预测煤自燃进程的标志气体,采集了乌达矿区6个具有代表性的煤样.在实验室开展煤升温氧化气体产物的测定实验,主要测试了煤样在升温氧化条件下各种气体组分的发生量.根据各种气体组分的发生量及最低检测温度,确定了乌达矿区煤自燃预测预报的标志气体,为该矿区煤自燃火灾的预测预报提供了实验依据,对矿区的安全生产具有较好的指导作用.     

Detection of Coal Mine Spontaneous Combustion by Fuzzy Inference System

The spontaneous combustion is a smoldering process and characterized by a slow burning speed and a long duration. Therefore, it is a hazard to coal mines. Early detection of coal mine spontaneous combustion is quite difficult because of the complexity of different coal mines. And the traditional threshold discriminance is not suitable for spontaneous combustion detection due to the uncertainty of coalmine combustion. Restrictions of the single detection method will also affect the detection precision in the early time of spontaneous combustion. Although multiple detection methods can be adopted as a complementarity to improve the accuracy of detection, the synthesized method will in- crease the complicacy of criterion, making it difficult to estimate the combustion. To solve this problem, a fuzzy inference system based on CRI （Compositional Rule of Inference） and fuzzy reasoning method FITA （First Infer Then Aggregate） are presented. And the neural network is also developed to realize the fuzzy inference system. Finally, the effectiveness of the inference system is demonstrated bv means of an experiment.     

综放工作面采空区内“三带”范围的确定与分析

通过对阳泉三矿 1 5号煤层 80 60 6工作面的具体分析 ,确定了综放工作面采空区内的“三带”范围 ,为防治综放工作面自然发火提供了依据     

综放开采回采巷道喷射砼防火技术研究

根据煤层巷道自然发火的特点 ,研究了喷射砼在易自燃发火煤层综放开采回采巷道防火原理 ,并在现场进行了工业性试验 .实践证明 :喷射砼可以有效地预防巷道自燃火灾 ,这一技术在义马矿区得到了推广应用     

注氮惰化窒息燃烧煤炭氧浓度的实验研究

利用煤炭自燃实验系统,对龙固煤矿7煤煤样的自燃过程进行了模拟实验.实验研究了注氮情况下的煤氧化煤温、自燃状态与氧含量的变化关系,确定了龙固煤矿7煤煤样窒息的最低氧浓度,研究结果对使用注氮防治煤炭自燃技术的应用具有重要的现实指导意义.     

金属网篮交叉点法预测煤自燃临界堆积厚度

介绍了一种研究煤炭自燃临界堆积厚度的新方法——金属网篮交叉点法，此方法具有消耗时间短、可重复性强、耦合度高的优点．利用自行研制的实验设备在国内首次运用此方法以小试样对3种煤样不同温度下的自燃临界堆积厚度进行了研究，并对3起现场实例进行了分析，结果表明对自燃临界堆积厚度的研究可以为现场确定煤炭自燃重点防治区域提供理论依据，达到更为有效的防治效果，减少防治投入．     

基于L-R模糊数的综放工作面瓦斯爆燃火灾事故树分析

瓦斯爆燃是矿井火灾的诱发因素之一,由于瓦斯特殊的物理化学性质和赋存条件导致其爆燃形式与煤自燃有许多不同之处.从瓦斯爆燃的三要素入手,结合综放面瓦斯爆燃事故的特点,建立了基于瓦斯爆燃的火灾事故树,在基本事件概率不清楚的情况下,应用模糊数学理论将基本事件概率看作L-R模糊数,对事故树分析得出各个事件的概率值,为矿井防火提供更加科学的参考依据.     

自燃煤层下行通风防火技术与展望

对我国回采工作面下行通风技术的应用状况以及下行通风对采空区煤炭自燃的抑制作用的研究工作进行了阐述，提出了回采工作而下行通风时采空区自热，点的自消原理，并论述了自燃煤层下行通风防火技术的推广应用前景。     

采空区自燃"三带"微循环理论及漏风流场数值模拟

为掌握采空区自燃"三带"分布及其自然发火规律,通过唐口煤矿2307工作面采空区自燃"三带"现场温度和气样观测,利用FLUENT软件对采空区漏风流场数值模拟.结果表明:采空区自燃是一个氧热微循环过程,当漏风供氧大于氧化耗氧、氧化生热大于漏风散热时,氧热微循环可持续进行,直至自燃;得出工作面不同风量下采空区自燃"三带"的区域.进风巷侧采空区可能自燃带范围在48.2～98.6 m,而回风巷侧采空区可能自燃带范围在24.3～98.6 m.经对比分析,得出最有利于采空区防灭火的最佳供风量为1 200～1 440 m~3/min,可满足防灭火的需要.     

Recognition of Spontaneous Combustion in Coal Mines Based on Genetic Clustering

1 Introduction Coal mine fires can be divided into two kinds. One is an exogenous fire; the other is an internally caused fire [1]. Exterior hot objects are the cause of exterior-caused fires, such as fire damp explosions, mechanical friction, an electrical short circuit, joint sparks, etc. Internally caused fires happen in places where is oxygen deficient, such as laneways, goafs and coalholes. Spontaneous combustion of coal may be caused by three necessary conditions: the self- ignition pot…