Comparison between several seismic inversion methods and their application in mountainous coal fields of western China

With the objective of establishing the necessary conditions for 3D seismic data from mountainous areas in western China, we compared the application results of wave impedance technology in the lithology and exploration of coal fields. First, we introduce principles and features of three kinds of inversion methods, i.e., Model-Based Inversion, Constrained Sparse Spike Inversion(CSSI)and Geology-Seismic Feature Inversion. Secondly, these inversion methods are contrasted in their application to 3D seismic data from some coalfields in western China. The main information provided by the research includes: improving the vertical resolution of coal deposit strata, inferring lateral variation of the lithology and predicting coal seams and their roof lithology. Finally, the comparison between the three methods shows that the model-based inversion has the higher resolution, while CSSI inversion has better waveform continuity. The geology-seismic feature inversion requires information from a large number of wells and many types of logging curves of good quality. All three methods can meet the requirements of seismic exploration for lithological exploration in coal fields.     

煤田采区火成岩分布地震反演技术的应用研究

将基于模型的地震反演技术应用于国桩采区地震资料岩性解释过程中．首先对基于模型的地震反演原理进行了阐述，并针对煤田测井数据特点进行了数据处理与分析，然后对地震子渡进行了分析提取，实现了精细的火威岩的层位标定．通过对国桩采区的火成岩及煤系地层进行的综合地质分析，利用地震反演技术实现了火成岩与煤系地层的薄层分布信息预测．结果表明，该方法有效的提高地了地震数据的分辨率，能解释常规剖面上不易识别出的一些地质现象，为采区火成岩的分布，薄煤层的开采、有利区带的评价提供详实的信息。     

基于神经网络的多属性火成岩岩性反演技术

在岩心分析的基础上,应用地质、测井、地震等多学科资料对枣园火成岩的岩性、电性、波阻抗特征进行了研究,并对岩性、电性与波阻抗、地震属性间的相关性进行了系统分析.在此基础上,针对常规波阻抗反演方法的不足,形成了一套基于神经网络的多属性岩性反演技术,采用该技术对枣园火成岩不同岩性进行了反演,给出了火成岩厚度及孔隙度分布.     

An evaluation of deep thin coal seams and water-beating/resisting layers in the quaternary system using seismic inversion

Non-liner wave equation inversion, wavelet analysis and artificial neural networks were used to obtain stratum parame-ters and the distribution of thin coal seams. The lithology of the water-bearing/resisting layer in the Quaternary system was also predicted. The implementation process included calculating the well log parameters, stratum contrasting the seismic data and the well logs, and extracting, studying and predicting seismic attributes. Seismic inversion parameters, including the layer velocity and wave impedance, were calculated and effectively used for prediction and analysis. Prior knowledge and seismic interpretation were used to remedy a dearth of seismic data during the inversion procedure. This enhanced the stability of the inversion method. Non-linear seismic inversion and artificial neural networks were used to interpret coal seismic lithology and to study the wa-ter-bearing/resisting layer in the Quaternary system. Interpretation of the 1-2 m thin coal seams, and also of the wa-ter-bearing/resisting layer in the Quaternary system, is provided. The upper mining limit can be lifted from 60 m to 45 m. The pre-dictions show that this method can provide reliable data useful for thin coal seam exploitation and for lifting the upper mining limit, which is one of the principles of green mining.     

稀疏脉冲波阻抗反演参数对反演效果的影响研究

稀疏脉冲波阻抗反演是目前最普遍应用的波阻抗反演方法之一.该方法在计算过程中涉及各种类型参数,这些参数选取的正确与否直接控制了反演成果的质量.本文从稀疏脉冲波阻抗反演的基本原理出发,通过模型的正反演探讨了反演子波的频率参数p、q、λ等主要的目标函数控制参数,以及计算过程中的反射系数迭代次数和波阻抗叠代次数等参数对反演的控制作用,系统分析了上述参数对反演效果的影响程度,并结合实际处理经验,指出了在实际地震资料处理过程中反演参数的正确设置方法.     

地震波形指示反演在薄储层预测中的应用

DX5井区梧桐沟组储层具有储层较薄、单砂体厚度小、砂体横向连续性差的特点,运用常规波阻抗反演很难对其完成精确刻画。地震波形指示反演充分利用了地震波形的横向变化,可代替传统变差函数进行高频成分模拟,对井况的要求低,比传统阻抗反演和地质统计学反演方法的确定性更强。高频结构受波形变化控制,更好地体现了沉积特征的约束。在提供储层纵向分辨率的同时,横向连续性得到了有效保证。     

含泥质碳酸盐岩储层反演技术

为了提高含泥质碳酸盐岩储层反演的精度,提出以波阻抗数据体作为背景约束进行基质孔隙度随机反演处理的方法.该方法首先统计分析大量测井资料,获得波阻抗和基质孔隙度的关系;然后以波阻抗反演数据体作为背景约束,对基质孔隙度进行随机反演处理;最后根据基质孔隙度与波阻抗数据交会设定门槛值来划分储层与非储层.研究结果表明,储层和非储层对应的基质孔隙度数值存在明显界限,最终反演的基质孔隙度数据体清晰显示了储层和非储层的分布情况.与储层的实际厚度相比,利用该方法反演的储层厚度误差在10%以下.     

Integrative method in lithofacies characteristics and 3D velocity volume of the Permian igneous rocks in H area,Tarim Basin

This paper introduces horizon control, seismic control, logging control and facies control methods through the application of the least squares fitting of logging curves, seismic inversion and facies-controlled techniques. Based on the microgeology and thin section analyses, the lithology, lithofacies and periods of the Permian igneous rocks are described in detail. The seismic inversion and facies-controlled techniques were used to find the distribution characteristics of the igneous rocks and the 3D velocity volume. The least squares fitting of the logging curves overcome the problem that the work area is short of density logging data. Through analysis of thin sections, the lithofacies can be classified into eruption airfall subfacies, eruption pyroclastic flow subfacies and eruption facies.     

苏里格气田S区块有效砂岩储层波阻抗反演

苏里格气田S区块储层具有低孔、低渗、非均质性强的特点,储层埋深较大,有效砂岩储层薄。且地表为沙漠、半沙漠环境,煤层发育,地震信号屏蔽现象严重,地震资料分辨率低,有效砂岩储层地震响应特征不明显,地震响应隐含于薄互层复合响应中,由此地震资料获取的波阻抗反演结果无法识别有效砂岩储层。为此,针对该问题,提出了解决方案：应用HFE高分辨率处理技术对地震数据进行重新处理,在保真的基础上改善地震数据分辨率,然后在高分辨率地震数据基础上进行AIW波阻抗反演获取波阻抗数据体识别有效砂岩储层。研究结果表明,应用HFE高分辨率技术及AIW波阻抗反演方法后,原始地震数据的品质得到了较大改善,分辨率得到了较大提高,且AIW波阻抗反演结果与井数据吻合较好,为HFE高分辨率处理技术及AIW波阻抗反演方法在其他油气田的应用提供一定的经验和参考价值。     

Application of 3D Seismic Data Inversion to Coal Mining Prospecting

1 Introduction3D seismic prospecting plays important roles incoal mining because of it necessity to geologic sur-vey. Owing to using many new theories and tech-nologies, the resolution of 3D coal seismic prospect-ing is increased continuously, the geological structurecan be detected more and more accurate. ButRayleigh's criterion shows that the resolution thresh-old of the seismic reflection wave is λ /4 (λ iswave length of seismic wave ).The resolution of logging data is very high, andit c…     

河流相储层建模中测井和地震资料整合研究

对于储层非均质性非常严重的河流相储层来说，如何更好的利用三维地震资料一直是一个难点，本文探讨了一种综合地震、测井、地质资料的方法，并以大港油田某区块为例建立了基于地质统计和地震反演的定量储层地质模型．首先通过对测井约束地震反演得到的波阻抗数据体分析，提取三维空间变异函数，利用具外部漂移的泛克里金模拟方法建立出砂体的分布模型；然后以此砂体模型为相控制条件，建立储层物性参数模型．经过验证表明，本方法可以避免常规建模方法中存在的物性分布与岩相分布不匹配的现象，从而获得与地质认识一致的结论．     

Multi-parameter numerical simulation of dynamic monitoring of rock deformation in deep mining

The level of deformation development of surrounding rocks is a vital predictor to evaluate impending coal mine disasters and it is important to establish accurate measurements of the deformed status to ensure coal mine safety. Traditional deformation monitoring methods are mostly based on single parameter, in this paper, multiple approaches are integrated: firstly, both electric and elastic models are established,from which electric field distribution and seismic wave recording are calculated and finally, the resistivity profiles and source position information are determined using inversion methods, from which then the deformation and failure of mine floor are evaluated. According to the inversion results of both electric and seismic field signals, multiple-parameter dynamic monitoring of surrounding rock deformation in deep mine can be performed. The methodology is validated using numerical simulation results which shows that the multi-parameter dynamic monitoring methods have better results for surrounding rock deformation in deep mine monitoring than single parameter methods.     

致密碎屑岩储层预测方法及其应用

针对陆相致密碎屑岩储层勘探的复杂性,以川东GA构造上三叠统须家河组四段储层为例,采用地质与物探相结合的方法进行储层预测研究。确定了其关键测井特征为伽马和声波时差,采用神经网络为基础的地震多属性分析方法进行伽马反演,基于模型的测井约束反演方法进行波阻抗反演,综合两种数据体进行储层描述,刻画出有利储层的平面展布。实际应用结果表明,该套技术紧密结合了多学科方法,具有明显的效果。     

钻孔瞬变电磁拟地震反演方法在露天煤矿采空区精细探测中的应用

露天开采煤矿地下存在大量小煤窑采空区,严重威胁煤矿生产安全和人员生命安全。受露天煤矿地表工作环境影响,常规物探手段探测采空区精度较差,而钻孔瞬变电磁探测是一种精度较高的探测方法,属于一种动源动接收的工作方法。为提高资料处理精度,应用滑动时窗波场反变换算法对数据进行高精度波场转换,采用共轭梯度法研究了针对瞬变电磁虚拟波场数据的拟声波介质全波形反演算法,实现了钻孔瞬变电磁数据的拟地震反演,计算了三维数值模型数据的反演结果,并对钻孔径向的小规模低阻异常体取得了良好的成像效果。结合山西朔州地区某露天煤矿的工程实践,对该方法精细探测积水采空巷道形态、性质和规模的实用性和有效性进行了检验。结果表明:钻孔瞬变电磁探测方法是矿井物探与钻探的有机结合与相互补充,拟地震反演方法能够有效应用于露天煤矿采空区的精细解释。     

Jason反演在塔中顺西地区碳酸盐岩储层预测中的应用

勘探实践进一步证实,塔中地区裂缝型、溶蚀孔洞型的碳酸盐岩储层具有强非均质性的特点,这给如何评价该区碳酸盐岩岩溶缝洞型储层发育区带来了问题。本文在顺西三维地震工区,针对存在的问题,通过Jason软件平台,基于地质模型的约束稀疏脉冲反演技术,实现了针对该区碳酸盐岩储层集中地震的横向分布、测井的高低频信息、地质经验认识三位一体的储层预测反演。通过分析,与已钻井吻合较好,并结合属性分析等技术手段对该区碳酸盐岩储层发育带进行了预测,取得了比较好的效果。     

薄差储层预测技术在葡南油田的应用

葡南油田葡一组油层属薄差储层，用普通波阻抗反演方法难以解决薄砂体识别精度低的问题。在忠买于原始地震反射的波阻抗反演数据体基础上，针对本区自然电位曲线对砂泥岩识别明显、深侧向电阻率曲线对含油性判别较好的特点，结合构造建模、小层精细划分和对比，利用地质统计和建模技术，采用序贯高斯模拟方法并同位协同波阻抗反演结果进行自然电位和深侧向电阻率体的岩性模拟，建立储层岩性预测模型。模拟结果的地质统计特征与原始数据的统计特征相符，用新完钻的18口井对预测结果进行验证，砂体预测厚度符合率达78％，能够较好地解决油田薄砂体储层横向预测难题。     

Robust elastic impedance inversion using L1-norm misfit function and constraint regularization

The classical elastic impedance (EI) inversion method, however, is based on the L2-norm misfit function and considerably sensitive to outliers, assuming the noise of the seismic data to be the Guassian-distribution. So we have developed a more robust elastic impedance inversion based on the L1-norm misfit function, and the noise is assumed to be non-Gaussian. Meanwhile, some regularization methods including the sparse constraint regularization and elastic impedance point constraint regularization are incorporated to improve the ill-posed characteristics of the seismic inversion problem. Firstly, we create the L1-norm misfit objective function of pre-stack inversion problem based on the Bayesian scheme within the sparse constraint regularization and elastic impedance point constraint regularization. And then, we obtain more robust elastic impedances of different angles which are less sensitive to outliers in seismic data by using the IRLS strategy. Finally, we extract the P-wave and S-wave velocity and density by using the more stable parameter extraction method. Tests on synthetic data show that the P-wave and S-wave velocity and density parameters are still estimated reasonable with moderate noise. A test on the real data set shows that compared to the results of the classical elastic impedance inversion method, the estimated results using the proposed method can get better lateral continuity and more distinct show of the gas, verifying the feasibility and stability of the method.

     

常规测井结合波阻抗反演识别火成岩

火成岩具有极强的非均质性,对火成岩的识别是油气勘探的难题之一,特别是在某些岩层中混入了火成岩将会影响油气藏的后期保存及圈闭落实的可靠性。以新疆托甫台地区为例,运用测井曲线中的自然伽马曲线、声波曲线和密度曲线,结合波阻抗反演及地震相等方面的知识识别火成岩。     

基于Radon变换的孔隙介质参数反演

针对层状介质,结合了费马原理、Radon变换,提出了基于等效孔隙介质模型的CT技术物性参数成像法,并使用遗传算法对速度、孔隙度、岩石密度以及波阻抗进行了反演.理论分析与实例计算结果表明:该方法简化了波在双相孔隙介质中的传播方程,具有一定的实用价值,能够有效解决含油区的勘探问题.     

基于边界元法的地震波方程时间域数值模拟

研究了复杂地下介质情形地震波传播的数学模型,讨论了地震波数学模型数值求解的时间域边界元方法,构建了两个理论上的地震勘探模型并进行了合成地震记录的数值模拟计算。