突发事故时个体—群体信息行为沟通网络及影响因素分析

为了明确突发事故时影响个体-群体信息行为沟通有效性的因素,基于组织行为学和信息行为学基本理论,通过查阅大量文献资料,构建了突发事故时个体-群体的信息行为沟通网络即阶梯式沟通网络结构并对其进行了定性分析。依据现代事故致因理论行为安全"2-4"模型,对信息行为沟通网络的影响因素进行了综合分析。结果表明,个人层面人的安全行为、及设备设施的状态是确保信息行为网络沟通顺畅直接因素,安全知识、意识、习惯是间接因素,而组织层面的安全管理体系及安全文化是确保信息行为网络沟通顺畅的根本及根源因素。     

基于生态安全理念的我国铀矿冶业可持续发展

生态安全是矿业可持续发展的重要问题．铀矿冶工业是核工业和核电事业发展的基础,但是铀矿采冶对生态环境的影响也是较大的,主要包括尾矿与废石、废水、辐射影响等．本文通过分析生态安全与可持续发展的辩证关系,结合从生态安全角度对我国铀矿冶工业受制约因素的分析,就如何充分发挥生态安全理念对我国铀矿冶工业可持续发展的作用进行深入探讨．我国铀矿冶工业要实现可持续发展,必须从以下四个方面建立生态安全理念：树立生态安全管理观;树立科学生态安全观;树立生态安全投入观;树立生态安全责任观．     

采面顶板事故发生日期的灰色灾变预测

矿井顶板事故的发生受多种因素影响,其发生时间虽是随机的,但却具有一定的统计规律．将矿井开采过程中的顶板事故视为灰色系统,应用灰色系统灾变预测理论研制开发了以新陈代谢模型为核心的顶板事故预测预防计算机软件．该软件能够预测下次顶板事故发生的日期等,使其能提前采取相应的预防措施,保障煤矿安全生产．     

某药厂建设项目安全设施设计

在收集制药行业相关安全法律法规标准和制药项目技术资料的基础上，从物料、生产流程、安全管理等方面进行了危险有害因素的辨识分析，并提出了相应的安全设施设计，有效地减少事故发生，对制药项目的新建、改建、扩建具有一定的借鉴意义。     

A study of mining fatalities and coal price variation

It has long been postulated that a relationship exists between commodity price cycles and fatalities in the mining industry. Previous studies have found only weak correlations in this area. This study analyses the fatalities recorded in coal mines over the period 1985–2016 in the State of Queensland as a function of thermal coal price variation. The study finds that the relationship between fatalities and coal prices is not linear. One to two fatalities occur in most years independent of the thermal coal price. When the price of coal falls below AUD 55/tonne(non-inflation adjusted), the likelihood of an incident involving multiple fatalities increases. The probability can be estimated at 2 in 18 events(equivalent to 11%). This paper postulates that in difficult economic times, mining companies react by downsizing direct employees. If not carefully managed, this can result in loss of knowledge around safety systems, and reduced effectiveness of safety supervision. Because of labour cost advantages, some jobs previously undertaken by direct employees will be replaced by contractors. Increased contractor numbers contribute to increased risk of fatalities occurring, as contractors are over-represented in accident categories involving vehicle accidents, tire handling and crushing incidents. Mine inspectorates, mining, and mining contractor companies need to be especially vigilant to enforce health and safety management systems during periods of low coal prices.     

基于三角模糊数学与事故树分析法的压力管道爆炸研究

由于各种原因压力管道爆炸事故频发,为了保障人民生命财产安全,有效预防油气运输过程中压力管道爆炸事故的发生,通过三角模糊理论把事故树基本事件发生的概率、逻辑门的运算法则、基本事件的重要度三角模糊化,将三角模糊数学和事故树相结合,绘制压力容器爆炸事故树图,计算得出顶上事件发生概率的分布范围,确定了基本事件模糊重要度排序。根据计算结果得知,提高压力容器管道系统的可靠性、防止压力管道发生爆炸,需要优先处理的基本事件是人为破坏、管道附近电线绝缘层老化、控制室线路电流过大、控制管道的阀门密封不良、管道法兰密封不良、操作不规范。根据基本事件的模糊重要度,提出了事故的防范措施。     

Simulation About the Growth of Chinese Firm's Safety Management Capability

Aiming at the deficiency of exterminating measures of Chinese firm safety management, a simulation model of Chinese firm's safety management capability based on the organizational learning theory, in which the simulation method of system dynamics is utilized. The level variable and rate variable are designed based on the practical situation and change situation of corresponding variables of firm's safety management capability. Simulation firms are built with accident case groups of the oil industry, chemical industry, machine industry, coal mining industry, and weapon industry. Through analyzing the simulation result, the growth law of Chinese firm's safety management capability is obtained as follows: the accumulating and the coupling of safety knowledge should be emphasized at the same time; the balance of learning behavior of individual, group and organization should be considered together; different types of Chinese firm should take different safety policies according to their practical situations.     

Hydraulic support crushed mechanism for the shallow seam mining face under the roadway pillars of room mining goaf

While the fully-mechanized longwall mining technology was employed in a shallow seam under a room mining goaf and overlained by thin bedrock and thick loose sands, the roadway pillars in the abandoned room mining goaf were in a stress-concentrated state, which may cause abnormal roof weighting, violent ground pressure behaviours, even roof fall and hydraulic support crushed(HSC) accidents. In this case,longwall mining safety and efficiency were seriously challenged. Based on the HSC accidents occurred during the longwall mining of 3-1-2 seam, which locates under the intersection zone of roadway pillars in the room mining goaf of 3-1-1 seam, this paper employed ground rock mechanics to analyse the overlying strata structure movement rules and presented the main influence factors and determination methods for the hydraulic support working resistance. The FLAC3 D software was used to simulate the overlying strata stress and plastic zone distribution characteristics. Field observation was implemented to contrastively analyse the hydraulic support working resistance distribution rules under the roadway pillars in strike direction, normal room mining goaf, roadway pillars in dip direction and intersection zone of roadway pillars. The results indicate that the key strata break along with rotations and reactions of the coal pillars deliver a larger concentrated load to the hydraulic support under intersection zone of roadway pillars than other conditions. The ‘‘overburden strata-key strata-roadway pillars-immediate roof" integrated load has exceeded the yield load that leads to HSC accidents. Findings in HSC mechanism provide a reasonable basis for shallow seam mining, and have important significance for the implementation of safe and efficient mining.     

高层建筑火灾事故树构建与重要度分析

对引起高层建筑火灾的因素进行系统分析,建立以高层建筑火灾为顶上事件的事故树,并进行事故树分析,得到影响顶上事件的最小割集.利用布尔代数计算方法,计算了基本事件的结构重要度系数、概率重要度系数和临界重要度系数,确定了影响高层建筑火灾的主要因素,针对提高高层建筑的消防安全性,提出了相应的防控措施,并从安全系统工程角度提供了高层建筑火灾防控研究的建议.     

Characteristics and dominant controlling factors of gas outburst in Huaibei coalfield and its countermeasures

In order to master the main characteristics and controlling factors of gas disasters in Huaibei coalfield, based on data analysis, experimental determination and theoretical research, we analyzed the geological evolution and gas parameters in Huaibei mining area. The results show that Huaibei coalfield is located in Xu-Su arcuate tectonic circle, and the coal seam and gas occurrence took on bipolar-distribution. The dominant controlling factors of gas outburst were tectonic structures, tectonic stress, magma intrusion and mining depth. The geological conditions of Huaibei coalfield were very complicated, and almost all the outburst accidents occurred in tectonic structure zones. The horizontal tectonic stress played a dominant role in outburst accident. The thermal evolution and trap effect of magma intrusion controlled the physical characteristics of coal, gas occurrence and outburst. With the increase of mining depth, the possibility of gas outburst accidents increased significantly. After carrying out several effective regional measurements, the gas control effect was obvious and could ensure safety and high efficiency mining in outburst coal seams.     

Groundwater impact of open cut coal mine and an assessment methodology: A case study in NSW

Large scale open cut coal mining operations have significant impacts to groundwater in surrounding areas in both active and post-mining phases. The prediction of water inflows into a surface mine excavation is one of the many components involved in mine design phase. Groundwater performance also reacts to mining activities from the operational, economic and safety implications perspective. Under NSW planning legislation, as part of the comprehensive risk assessment, a groundwater impact assessment has to be conducted for a coal project to predict and mitigate the impacts in consideration of the government requirements. In this paper, the groundwater assessment modelling of mine pits was discussed in predicting of groundwater inflows and reviewing analytical and numerical approaches. A methodology of groundwater impact assessment for an open cut mine in NSW with a three-dimensional groundwater flow model Modflow Surfact demonstrated its functions in simulating the project's impacts on the groundwater regime. The key findings with mitigations are discussed and recommended in the paper to reduce impacts on groundwater and fulfil regulation requirements in NSW.     

关联规则挖掘在道路交通事故分析中的应用

从大量的交通事故数据中找出引发交通事故的关键因素是提高道路安全水平的重要手段。基于某市全年的交通事故数据,采用改进的Apriori算法挖掘出强关联规则,通过一个新的相关性度量——相关值对关联规则进一步筛选,从中找出各因素对交通事故的影响规律。结果表明,该方法可以一定程度上提高关联规则挖掘的效率,并能够量化事故原因和事故结果之间的相关程度,从而找出有价值的规则。本文的研究方法和结果可以为相关交通管理部门提供决策支持。     

激励-保健因素与安全事故预防

双因素理论是行为科学中激励理论的重要组成部分,它揭示了影响人的积极性的两个方面:激励因素和保健因素.该理论对于分析和预防安全事故也有着一定的启发与借鉴意义.文章通过对安全事故成因的分析,运用双因素理论,得出预防事故、实现安全的关键在于建立有效的组织文化的结论,并以杜邦公司的实例证实了该结论的正确性.     

组织文化影响组织绩效的作用机制研究——组织文化匹配性的视角

组织文化与组织绩效之间的相关性研究呈现了乐观的结果,但是研究的局限和管理实践的困惑都难以得到解释。从组织文化匹配性的视角出发,以组织文化内部匹配性和外部匹配性为实验变量,探求组织文化与组织绩效之间的关系机制。通过中美两国制造企业的数据分析发现:组织文化的匹配性与积极的组织行为呈正相关,组织行为影响组织绩效,在组织文化与组织绩效之间起完全中介作用。提供了新的视角看待组织文化的重要性,也为塑造和建设企业文化提出了新的思路和方法。     

北京市安全生产现状与管理策略研究

国家安全生产监督管理总局事故查询系统显示,2000 ～2012年,北京市共发生安全生产事故190起,死亡672人.北京市的安全生产事故主要集中在朝阳区、海淀区、门头沟区、房山区和昌平区.北京市工程企业安全生产事故和道路交通事故较多.因此北京市应加强重点区域工矿企业和工程企业的安全生产监管,加强道路交通事故的监管治理,注重商贸企业的安全生产管理.     

安全成本及安全成本分析指标的确定

煤矿安全成本的影响因素很多。它的构成有保证性安全成本和损失性安全成本。为使安全经济工作得到优化。以经济安全保证水平这个概念为出发点。根据某矿10年的安全成本统计资料。采用数理统计原理。分别建立了损失性安全成本、保证性安全成本、安全总成本与保证程度之间的相关数学模型,提出了以保证程度作为衡量煤矿安全成本的分析指标。     

食品消费安全中的行业自律建设

近年来我国食品安全问题不断发生,面对消费者的质疑,我国食品行业面临着严峻考验．讨论了行业自律与食品行业自律的内涵,提出了一个以食品消费安全为目标,政府监管机构、非政府组织、企业为主体,个人自律、企业自律、行业自律为层次的食品行业自律体系构建框架;比较分析了美国食品消费安全中的行业自律;提出了我国食品消费安全中行业自律建设的几点建议．     

基于 FTA-BN模型的城市燃气管道失效风险分析

为了找出导致城市燃气管道失效事故的原因,以城市燃气管道失效事故为研究对象,采用故障树方法和贝叶斯网络模型对其进行分析。通过实例分析,找出了导致某市城市燃气管道失效事故概率较大的因素分别为：阴极保护失效、外腐蚀、内腐蚀、外力影响、施工缺陷等。结果表明,基于FT A BN模型的城市燃气管道失效风险分析方法注重基事件的多态性和事件间逻辑关系合理性,能推算出更准确的基事件概率分布,同时可以找出导致事故发生的最有可能途径,为城市燃气管道失效事故预防、风险控制、安全管理提供较为合理性建议。     

New approaches to cognitive work analysis through latent variable modeling in mining operations

This paper discusses the utilization of latent variable modeling related to occupational health and safety in the mining industry. Latent variable modeling, which is a statistical model that relates observable and latent variables, could be used to facilitate researchers' understandings of the underlying constructs or hypothetical factors and their magnitude of effect that constitute a complex system. This enhanced understanding, in turn, can help emphasize the important factors to improve mine safety. The most commonly used techniques include the exploratory factor analysis(EFA), the confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) and the structural equation model with latent variables(SEM). A critical comparison of the three techniques regarding mine safety is provided. Possible applications of latent variable modeling in mining engineering are explored. In this scope, relevant research papers were reviewed. They suggest that the application of such methods could prove useful in mine accident and safety research. Application of latent variables analysis in cognitive work analysis was proposed to improve the understanding of human-work relationships in mining operations.     

基于隔震技术的采动区半主动双重保护装置减震分析

近年来采动区建筑物的安全问题益发突出,已经成为制约我国广大矿区建设发展的瓶颈问题.本文在分析地震作用下采动区建筑物的抗震能力和灾变破坏的基础上,利用碟形弹簧较好的竖向隔震性能、SMA的超弹性性能、橡胶支座和粘滞阻尼器的抗震特性设计了一种新型的采动区半主动双重保护装置,系统分析了在强震下该装置的力学参数、性能、构造和工作原理,并对某矿区的办公楼进行数值模拟,对比分析了强震作用下采用双重保护措施后该建筑物的地震响应,确保该装置的合理性和安全性;基于建筑隔震技术的抗震抗变形双重保护方法和措施,有效改善了采动区建筑的抗震抗变形性能,为我国矿区建筑的安全建设和运营提供了科学方法和依据.