复合型石墨浮选剂选矿试验研究

介绍了一种新型的复合型石墨浮选剂的合成及其浮选效果的试验研究，该浮选剂用于代替常用的捕收剂和起泡剂浮选石墨，使产品的品位由８５％提高到９３％，回收率由６５％提高到８５％。     

An innovative flake graphite upgrading process based on HPGR,stirred grinding mill,and nanobubble column flotation

Physical upgrading of graphite is typically achieved with many stages of grinding and flotation to produce a concentrate with approximately 95% carbon grade. An innovative grinding and column flotation process has been developed for efficient graphite upgrading to substantially simplify the process flowsheet and reduce operating costs. In this process, a high-pressure grinding roller (HPGR) and a stirred mill were employed as primary comminution techniques and a nanobubble flotation column as a key separation process. The results obtained with a crystalline flake graphite sample with a carbon grade of 11.15% show that the novel process can produce a concentrate with 94.82% carbon grade and 97.89% recovery from an open circuit of one rougher and two cleaner flotation stages. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) microphotographs indicate that HPGR offers the advantage of more effective protection of graphite flakes during crushing. Grinding test results show that stirred mill could not only protect graphite flakes but also promote the efficient liberation of graphite. Compared with the traditional flotation process, nanobubble flotation can effectively recover ultrafine graphite. The new process possesses a number of important advantages over the traditional method, including substantially higher graphite recovery, greatly simplified process flowsheet, better protection of flake size, reduced reagent consumption and process costs, etc.     

云南会泽高镁中低品位胶磷矿单一反浮选

为了降低云南会泽高镁中低品位磷矿的氧化镁的含量,提高五氧化二磷的品位,采用全硫酸一粗一扫的单一反浮选工艺对云南会泽高镁中低品位磷矿进行了试验.在原矿五氧化二磷的品位为23.71％,最佳磨矿细度为-0.074 mm 88.2％的条件下,以硫酸作为pH调整剂和抑制剂（不需要添加磷酸等其他的抑制剂）,以改性的棉籽油脂肪酸皂为捕收剂,进行浮选试验.结果表明：在粗选硫酸用量为10 kg/t,扫选硫酸用量为6 kg/t,捕收剂TSM-2用量分段加药,第一段粗选添加1.2 kg/t,第二段为0.3 kg/t时,获得精矿五氧化二磷品位为30.09％,回收率达到86.53％,氧化锰由原矿的4.55％降至精矿的0.78％,脱镁率为88.13％的较好指标.为云南会泽磷矿的利用开辟了新途径.     

四种有机抑制剂对倍半氧化物的抑制性能

采用一粗一精正浮选工艺,研究了小分子有机酸（ST-1）、阴离子淀粉（AS）、萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物（NFSC）、羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC）4种有机抑制剂对胶磷矿中类型为水云母、褐铁矿的倍半氧化物的抑制性能. 结果表明,NFSC用量为0.35 kg/t时,磷精矿品位达到31.36%,回收率在80.22%,倍半氧化物的质量分数降低到3.48%;CMC用量为0.20 kg/t时,磷精矿中倍半氧化物的质量分数可以降至3.20%,但磷精矿回收率仅为26.24%;当分别使用AS、ST-1作为抑制剂时,精矿中倍半氧化物的质量分数变化都不明显. 因此,NFSC在分离倍半氧化物脉石与磷矿物时抑制性能最好;CMC对倍半氧化物脉石有很强的抑制性,但选择性差;ST-1、AS作为抑制剂对倍伴氧化物的抑制作用较弱. 关键词:正浮选;倍半氧化物;有机抑制剂;抑制性能     

云南海口中品位磷矿常温浮选试验

用正-反浮选流程以及高效浮选药剂处理云南海口中品位硅-钙质磷块岩类矿石，先后进行了试验室小试、1t／d扩大连续试验和100kt／a工业试验，获得优质磷精矿和满意的技术经济指标．工业试验的试验指标为磷精矿P20532．47％、MgO0．88％、Si0211．02％，产率61．02％、回收率为81．06％。     

细磷片低碳石墨浮选工艺研究

我国是天然石墨资源大国,储量、产量及出口量均居世界首位,但随着生产的发展,剩下的石墨矿品位较低,可选性下降,选矿回收率较低。通过实验,采用浮选法回收低品位石墨,使低碳石墨矿达到国家高碳标准,充分利用石墨资源,扩大石墨应用范围。试验以黑龙江鹤岗地区细鳞片石墨(固定碳含量为12.74%)为原料,采用浮选工艺,对该矿石采用一次粗选一次扫选,粗精矿五次再磨六次精选,中矿(1～3)合并再选,中矿4、5、6、7集中返回再磨Ⅰ的工艺流程,以煤油作捕收剂,2#油作起泡剂,生石灰作调整剂,使最终精矿品位提高到93.60%,回收率达91.42%。     

Investigation into the flotation response of refractory molybdenum ore to depressant mixtures:A case study

In this paper, bulk flotation followed by separation was investigated to concentrate purified molybdenite product from Jinduicheng molybdenum ores(Shanxi province, China). The bench scale tests mainly focussed on separation of molybdenite from other sulfide minerals using the new type of depressants.The effect of each single depressant, including organic depressant-modified dextrin(MD), P-Nokes reagent(PN) and sodium trithiocarbonate(ST), and their mixtures on galena, chalcopyrite and other sulfide ores, was examined in turn by changing the concentrations used in cleaner flotation tests. Closed circuit experiments were carried out under the optimal condition and satisfying recovery and grade of molybdenite concentrate could be achieved(86.294% and 53.157%, respectively). A potential reagent regime was developed, with more environmental friendly and more economical advantages due to the introduction of modified dextrin.     

采用有机抑制剂进行无石灰铜硫分离及机理研究

研究了在低碱条件下淀粉、焦性没食子酸、水杨酸、单宁酸、乳酸等多种有机抑制齐j及它们之间的组合物对黄铜矿、黄铁矿可浮性的影响．选择焦性没食子酸＋单宁酸作为黄铁矿的高效抑制剂,进行铜硫人工混合矿的浮选分离试验和实际矿石的铜硫浮选分离试验,该工艺与传统的石灰工艺比较,铜精矿中的金的品位提高1．24g／t,回收率提高7．74％;银的品位提高4．56g／t,银的回收率提高6．18％;钼的品位提高0．145％,钼的回收率提高35．29％．最后对其作用机理进行分析．     

酸对捕收剂在胶磷矿和白云石表面吸附的影响

浮选过程中抑制剂会使矿物表面亲水,还可能与捕收剂存在竞争吸附. 硫酸和磷酸是钙（镁）质磷矿石反浮选工艺常用的抑制剂. 通过单矿物和人工混合矿浮选试验及吸附量测定,研究了胶磷矿 - 白云石反浮选体系中,抑制剂硫酸或磷酸浓度对捕收剂 GJBW 在矿物表面吸附量的影响. 结果表明,酸浓度对矿物上浮率影响较大,但对捕收剂在胶磷矿和白云石表面吸附量影响均较小,说明该体系中抑制剂和捕收剂在矿物表面不是竞争吸附而是共同吸附,综合决定表面亲/疏水性,进而影响其上浮率. 于是建立了两者在矿物表面共同吸附的双电层模型,其中不溶油酸分子（HOl）作为主要捕收剂组分在白云石 - 水界面起主导作用使表面疏水,而胶磷矿酸溶释放出的或磷酸电离出的 H ₂ PO ₄ ^- 做为主要抑制组分在胶磷矿 - 水界面起主导作用使表面亲水.     

Effect of pyrite content of feed and configuration of locked particles on rougher flotation of copper in low and high pyritic ore types

Misreported pyrite into copper concentrates dramatically declines copper grade and recovery. Copper flotation can be also more complicated if flotation feed comes from an elevated-pyritic copper ore. In this investigation, the effect of two different ore types(high pyritic and low pyritic feeds) was studied on rougher stage of industrial copper flotation circuit. Samples were taken from different streams and the structure of chalcopyrite within the pyrite and non-sulfide gangue minerals was examined in various size fractions for mentioned ore types. Results indicated that 72% and 56% of the total floated pyrite was transferred to concentrate in first four cells in the low and high pyritic feeds, respectively. Whereas, this proportion for floated SiO_2 in last ten cells was detected as 72% and 71%, respectively. A detailed interpretation of the effect of locked particles in different size fractions on rougher flotation cells is studied from industrial point of view.     

钙硅质胶磷矿浮选工艺研究

针对湖北某中低品位钙硅质胶磷矿,分别进行单一反浮选、双反浮选和常温正反浮选工艺研究及药剂费用对比,结果表明：采用单一反浮选,可得到磷精矿P2O530.37%,MgO 0.36%,回收率88.38%的较好指标,且最为经济,每吨原矿药剂费用仅为15.28元;若希望精矿质量更好些,回收率更高些,建议采用双反浮选,可得到磷精矿P2O531.60%,MgO 0.43%,回收率90.63%的好指标,每吨原矿药剂费用为23.40元;正反浮选相对来说精矿质量一般、回收率较低、药剂费用较高、磨矿细度较细,指标分别为磷精矿P2O530.54%,MgO 0.70%,回收率84.62%,每吨原矿药剂费用为26.98元.     

细粒难选锐钛矿浮选试验研究

对TiO2品位为10.97%的某细粒复杂难选锐钛矿进行浮选试验研究.研究表明,试样磨矿细度为-0.043 mm占85.96%时,以碳酸钠将pH调至8.5,粗选采用羧甲基纤维素和氟硅酸钠为组合抑制剂,精选采用硫酸铝和淀粉为组合抑制剂,用乙酸铅作活化剂,用苄基胂酸和羟肟酸钠作组合捕收剂,经两次粗选、三次精选的浮选工艺,可得到产率为28.51%、TiO2品位为30.91%、回收率为80.32%的锐钛矿精矿,初步实现了细粒难选锐钛矿的选矿富集,为该矿的进一步深入研究及开发奠定了一定的基础,同时为伴生的V、Cr、Co等稀土元素的综合回收利用提供了一定的参考.研究结果表明：①锐钛矿的可浮性与金红石相似,Pb2＋离子同样是锐钛矿浮选的有效活化剂;②对嵌布粒度细、矿物组成复杂的难选矿,药剂的组合使用是使目的矿物以连生体的形式浮选富集的有效手段.     

高效反浮选捕收剂的合成与应用

针对传统脂肪酸捕收剂选择性差、常温下分散性和溶解性差的问题,以工业棉籽油酸为原料,经高温高压使脂肪酸的双键水解而引入羟基活性基团,进一步与助剂按比例复配得到一种高效反浮选捕收剂HY.将其用于宜昌某高镁磷矿的浮选试验,经一反一扫简单浮选工艺流程获得了精矿五氧化二磷品位34.59%,五氧化二磷回收率96.46%,氧化镁品位0.28%的良好浮选选指标,氧化镁脱除率高达95%,各指标优于公开招标各项指标要求,且浮选在常温下进行,药剂用量仅0.84kg/t.表明反选捕收剂HY具有良好的浮选性能,其化学修饰改性改善了捕收剂的常温溶解性同时增强了其对钙离子、镁离子的选择性.     

钨矿中伴生钼综合回收的生产和试验

本文主要分析了某钨矿集中精选厂精选过程中从抬浮硫化矿中综合回收得出的钼精矿质量不高的原因,及对提高钼精矿质量所采取的一些措施进行了总结,最后介绍了两组硫化钠的取代药方,并提出了选用钼分选剂的原则。     

On the optimization of froth flotation by the use of an artificial neural network

A multi layered, feed forward Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was used to study the effect of feed mean size, collector dosage and impeller speed on flotation recovery and grade. The results of 30 flotation experiments conducted on Jordanian siliceous phosphate were used for training the network while another 10 experiments were used for validation. Simulation results showed that a four layer network with a [9 11 5 9 2] architecture was the one that gave the least mean squared error (MSE). Using this ANN to optimize the flotation process showed that the optimum flotation parameters were 321.28 μm for the feed mean size,0.7354 kg/TOF for the collector dosage and 1225.25 RPM for the impeller speed. Studying the effect of these parameters on flotation recovery and grade was done by analysis of variance, ANOVA. The results showed that grade was more sensitive to changes in flotation parameters than was recovery. They also showed that changes in collector dosage had a more significant effect on flotation grade and recovery than did changes in feed mean size or impeller speed.     

中低品位胶磷矿新型捕收剂的浮选性能

以碘值135的棉油脂肪酸作为原料通过合成与复配方法获得一种新型磷矿选矿捕收剂;首先将脂肪酸与酰胺药剂进行酰胺化,然后在合成的药剂中复配一定量的烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚表面活性剂.通过气相色谱分析了该脂肪酸的组成,以贵州磷矿为对象,利用常温浮选试验研究了该捕收剂的选矿特性.试验结果表明,碘值135脂肪酸中油酸、亚油酸含量较高,在碳链结构中双键、三键数目多.经过酰胺化和复配15%的表面活性剂烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚,提高了脂肪酸对磷酸盐矿物的浮选效果,在常温浮选过程中,降低了捕收剂的用量.在磨矿细度为-0.074 mm 79.83%,采用常温正反浮选工艺,获得了五氧化二磷为30.12%精矿,产率为71.20%,回收率为92.90%的选矿指标.     

Nanobubble generation and its applications in froth flotation (part Ⅲ): specially designed laboratory scale column flotation of phosphate

Froth flotation is used widely for upgrading raw phosphate. The flotation recovery of coarse phosphate (-1.18+0.425 mm) is much lower than that achieved on the -0.425+0.15 mm size fraction. Enhanced recovery of coarse phosphate particles is of great economic and environmental importance for phosphate industry. In this investigation, four different phosphate samples were aquired, characterized and tested in a specially designed laboratory-scale flotation column. Significant recovery improvement of coarse phosphate flotation was achieved using cavitation-generated nanobubble though its effects differ among the four testing phosphate samples. The laboratory-scale flotation column test results indicate that nanobubble increased P2O5 recovery by up to 10%-30% for a given Acid Insoluble (A.I.) rejection, depending on the characteristic of phosphate samples. The improvement ef-fect of nanobubble on the hard-to-float particles was more significant than that on easy-to-float particles, especially at lower col-lector dosages. Nanobubbles reduced the collector dosage by 1/3 to 1/2. Nanobubbles almost doubled the coarse phosphate flotation rate constant and increased the flotation selectivity index by up to 25%.     

湖北宜化集团殷家坪磷矿双反浮选工艺的研究

针对湖北宜化殷家坪低品位难选硅镁质磷矿,采用阴离子捕收剂MG-7反浮选脱镁—沉降脱泥—阳离子捕收剂T609反浮选脱硅工艺. 在脱硅之前预先脱泥,同时消泡剂TOP和捕收剂T-609搭配使用,解决了阳离子反浮选脱硅过程中泡沫过稳定的难题. 获得品位为33.04%,回收率为69.50%的浮选精矿. 将分离的矿泥并入精矿,混合后精矿品位为30.56%,回收率为78.68%. 相比于传统的正浮选工艺,此工艺不需加温有效地降低了选矿的成本.     

Depressing effect of phenoxyl acetic acids on flotation of minerals containing Ca^2＋/Mg^2＋ gangues

Phenoxyl acetic acids were applied to determine their depressing effect on minerals containing Ca2 /Mg2 gangues. Calcite, mixture of calcite and fluorite, and nickel ore were used in the flotation. And the depression mechanism was studied by the determination of contact angle, zeta potential, adsorptive capacity of collector, and IR analysis as well. It is found that 0.1 mmol/L of phenoxyl acetic acid derived from pyrogallol or gallic acid exhibits strong depressing ability on calcite in almost zero yields at pH value of 9.8, and calcite can be depressed in the flotation of calcite/fluorite mixture for approximate 87% yield of fluorite. The flotation result of practical nickel ore containing serpentine indicates that these two depressants may also show better depression performance to serpentine than traditional depressants such as sodium fluosilicate and carboxylmethyl cellulose. Analysis for the depression mechanism reveals that there exists strong chemical interaction between the depressants and minerals.     

Assessment of pH-responsive nanoparticles performance on laboratory column flotation cell applying a real ore feed

Nanoparticles(NPs) can promote the column flotation process in mining industry. Nanoparticles' effects on column flotation process(copper recovery, grade and flotation rate constant) are assessed in Sarcheshmeh Copper Complex, Iran, through response surface methodology(RSM) optimization technique. The c-Al_2O_3, a-Fe_2O_3, SiO_2, and TiO_2 nanoparticles are selected for these experiments. A flotation rate constant is chosen as a response to assess the effect of nanoparticles on flotation in its kinetic sense.The process p H and nanoparticle dosage are selected as the influential parameters. Results obtained from RSM indicated that the maximum percentage of Cu recovery and grade is obtained at p H of 12 and nanoparticle dosage of 6 kg/t, through a-Fe_2O_3 and c-Al_2O_3 nanoparticles, respectively. Applying nanoparticles in particular c-Al_2O_3 and a-Fe_2O_3 increases the Cu recovery by 8–10% together with the grade by 3–6% in a significant manner. It is revealed that nanoparticles could effectively be applied in enhancing the flotation performance.