超限高层建筑结构基于性能抗震设计的研究

基于性能的设计方法已引起工程界的关注 ,在超限高层建筑的结构抗震设计中 ,采用基于性能要求的抗震设计方法 ,有助于提高高层建筑工程抗震设计的可靠性、避免抗震安全隐患 ,同时又促进高层建筑技术发展。本义阐述基于性能抗震设计方法与常规抗震设计方法的比较 ;针对超限高层建筑结构的特点 ,提出结构的抗震性能目标、性能水准以及实施性能设计的主要方法 ,包括性能水准判别准则、性能目标的选用及结构计算和试验要求。文中还列举了应用性能设计理念和要求的部分工程实例。     

性能化建筑方案优化设计的概念、目标和技术

计算机辅助的建筑性能数值模拟分析技术和建筑设计参数化方案优化技术近年来对建筑设计逐渐产生了重要的影响,尤其是对需要通过各项性能评估的绿色建筑来说,更有决定性的意义。本文首先简要论述了建筑性能及性能化设计的概念;然后以美国绿色建筑评价标准LEED为例,分析了性能化建筑设计的目标和参数;重点探索了基于Rhinoceros平台,通过程序开发技术,初步建立起一套覆盖若干重要建筑性能、可定量计算、可自动反馈、可智能优化的性能化建筑方案优化设计的流程和支撑技术。研究成果对于性能化建筑设计理论和方法的发展具有开拓性意义,开发出的实用技术可直接用于多种不同类型的、强调性能要求的绿色建筑方案优化。     

基于性能的碳纤维加固设计理论

将基于性能的设计思想与碳纤维加固设计方法相结合,提出了基于性能的碳纤维加固设计理论。该理论将碳纤维加固设计的性能目标分为6个等级,通过不同的试验结果确定了在不同等级的性能目标条件下碳纤维的可利用应力水平。通过一个算例比较了在不同设计性能目标条件下碳纤维的用量,结果表明,不同条件下碳纤维的用量相差很多,这说明在加固设计中应该根据不同的性能目标确定不同的碳纤维加固水准,这样可以大大降低工程加固的成本。同时算例表明,该理论是一种简单、实用、可行的设计方法。     

基于性能的空间结构抗震设计研究现状与关键问题

基于性能的抗震设计是结构抗震设计的发展趋势。以基于性能的结构抗震设计研究内容和发展趋势为背景,从地震危险性分析、结构反应性能参数确定、结构抗震性能水平划分及性能目标确定、基于性能的抗震设计方法等四个方面对国内外基于性能的空间结构抗震设计研究现状进行了总结。依据有效性和充分性原则研究确定适合于不同类型空间结构的标量式、向量式或其它形式的地震动参数,提出了空间结构反应性能参数确定中的关键问题。空间结构抗震性能水平划分研究中需要综合考虑结构及非结构构件因素,通过数值仿真和试验相结合的研究手段确定能够合理划分其性能水平的自定义综合式标量指标、向量式指标或者两者结合的指标,空间结构性能目标确定及抗震设计方法研究应基于可靠度理论及“投资-效益”准则。参58     

Service life planning and performance requirements

Service life planning comprises a model for the determination of a reasonable expected service life for buildings and components, and it establishes a routine for the assessment of design alternatives. A design option is considered reasonable when it meets or exceeds performance requirements over time that have been drawn up specifically for the specific project. Due to this assessment reference, there is a very evident link to the concept of performance-based building. Any stakeholder involved in the value chain or in the design process of the building, as well as regulators and building users, can express performance requirements. Identified requirements, both in relevance and in quality, will vary with the stakeholder and his/her perspective of interest. As building sector manufacturers develop most products with reference to standards rather than with reference to specific requirements, there is no direct link from user requirements to the product design. Instead, the building designer has the responsibility to ensure performance requirements are met by the performance of products integrated into the design. As these design decisions also have to be made at the material and component level, a performance-based building would benefit from an established rationale that enables the communication of performance requirements across the relevant system levels in the relevant design processes. A path for the connection of the established concepts of service life planning and performance-based building is presented. The aim is to identify key elements that need to be developed for the successful linkage of performance-based building with service life planning.     

基于性能的矿山钢井架抗震设计方法探析

基于性能的矿山钢井架抗震设计方法,对于建成安全高效矿井有着非常重要的现实意义,该文介绍了如何选定地震动水准、性能目标和性能设计指标等性能设计要求,可为矿山钢井架基于性能的抗震设计提供有意义的参考。     

工程结构基于性能的抗震设计方法研究

基于性能的抗震设计在国内外受到广泛研究,并被认为是将来抗震设计的发展方向.本文对国内外基于性能的抗震设计中的一些问题,以及常用的基于性能的抗震设计方法作了较系统的综述,初步探讨了现阶段进行结构性能抗震设计的方法和步骤.     

中美超限高层建筑性能化抗震设计方法对比分析

为了系统比较中美超限高层建筑基于性能的抗震设计方法,介绍了美国太平洋地震工程研究中心主导实施的“高层建筑推进计划”项目,探讨了该项目的主要成果（PEER-2010）《高层建筑基于性能的抗震设计指南》,并结合算例将其建议的基于性能抗震设计方法与中国GB 50011-2010《建筑抗震设计规范》和GB 50010-2010《高层建筑混凝土结构技术规程》中规定的基于性能抗震设计方法进行对比。研究结果表明:PEER-2010与我国规范中分别建议的超限高层建筑性能化抗震设计方法在性能目标划分、地震动选择、荷载输入及对地基与结构相互作用的考虑上均存在差异。PEER-2010对性能目标的划分相对更宽松,建议的下一代选波方法能够考虑长周期超高层建筑的选波问题,并对考虑地基与上部结构相互作用有着较为明确的规定。     

Structural optimization for performance-based design in earthquake engineering: Applications of neural networks

This work addresses an approach to performance-based design in the context of earthquake engineering. The objective is the optimization of the total structural cost, under constraints related to minimum target reliabilities specified for the different limit states or performance requirements. The problem involves (1) the use of a nonlinear, time-stepping dynamic analysis to investigate the responses of relevance to the performances’ evaluation and (2) the integration of the responses into measures of damage accumulated during the earthquake. The random responses are deterministically obtained for different combinations of the design parameters and the intervening random variables, of which some are associated with the structure and some with the earthquake characteristics. The approach uses a neural network representation of the responses and, for each one, the variability associated with different earthquake records is accommodated by developing two networks: one for the mean response over the records, and another for the corresponding standard deviation. The neural network representation facilitates the estimation of reliability by Monte Carlo simulation, and the reliability achieved in each performance level, for a specific combination of the design parameters, is itself represented with a neural network. This is then used within an optimization algorithm for minimum total cost under reliability constraints. An application example uses a reinforced concrete, multi-storey plane structure with seismic demands corresponding to the city of Mendoza, Argentina.     

基于性能的抗震设计理论与方法研究进展

在分析现行抗震设计方法存在的局限性的基础上，重点阐述了基于性能的抗震设计理论，包括设防地震等级、地震反应限值、抗震性能目标等，最后对基于性能的抗震设计步骤和设计方法进行总结。     

大坝的抗震设防水准及相应性能目标

本文针对与大坝抗震设防水准和相应的性能目标确定有关的“抗震性能设计问题、国外大坝的抗震设防水准和性能目标,以及对修订我国大坝抗震设防水准的建议等问题,作了初步探讨并提出以下论点:①时下流行的“抗震性能设计”与现行的工程抗震设计实践,似并无实质性差异。②大坝采用按MDE的单级抗震设防水准,基本合理可行。③需加强对大坝溃坝准则定量化研究,逐步对特别重要的高坝,进行MCE的性能目标校核。     

带转换层高层建筑结构基于性能的抗震设计

基于性能的设计方法已引起工程界的关注,在带转换层高层建筑结构设计中采用该法有助于提高工程抗震设计的可靠性。本文结合工程实例,就带转换层高层建筑结构的抗震性能目标、性能水准以及实施抗震性能设计的方法作了阐述,为今后类似转换结构设计提供了借鉴。     

基于性能的耗能减震加固设计理论框架

本文在国内外有关耗能减震加固与基于性能的设计方法研究的基础上,提出了基于性能的耗能减震加固设计的理论框架,并给出了设计过程中加固结构的性能目标、待加固结构的性能评估、减震概念设计、附加耗能器的设计、分析方法、加固结构的抗震安全性评价和社会经济综合评价各关键环节的子框图,较为清晰的展现了设计的基本过程,明确了下一步研究的方向及着重解决的问题。     

基于性能抗震设计与常规抗震设计比较研究

指出了传统抗震设计的目标是尽量减少结构破坏和生命的损失,基于性能的抗震设计则追求建筑结构性能、安全与经济三者的优化平衡,对常规抗震设计与基于性能抗震设计的理论及设计方法进行了比较,并着重阐述了基于性能抗震设计的理论与方法。     

建筑防火的性能设计方法

了解建筑防火性能设计的概念和发展过程,熟悉防火性能设计的内容,讨论实施性能设计方法的问题。     

Performance of a Fill dam Based on the Performance-Based Design Concept and Study of a Seismic Retrofitting Method

Fill dams have long been designed by conventional specification based design methods which stipulate details concerning dam body materials, structural calculation methods, and construction methods. There are irrational aspects to applying the specification based design method to a case subjected to large earthquake such as the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu Earthquake, a type that rarely occurs. Thus, since the Hyogo-ken Nanbu Earthquake, the concept of performance-based design that treats performance of a structure as the only requirement has been incorporated, and conventional specification-based design is now being replaced by performance-based design based on required performance as the design method for structures. When an earthquake strikes a fill dam, water in the dam must not overflow the dam body causing a severe disaster in the area downstream from the dam. It is, therefore, necessary that settlement at a dam crest during an earthquake does not exceed a critical value, requiring that it be designed by an analysis method capable of accurately predicting the quantity of settlement produced. This report describes a design study of a fill dam, which requires a high level of seismic performance because of its location conditions and functions. Performed by applying the concept of ISO23469 to an existing fill dam, the study focused on ① setting performance criteria, ② evaluating safety of a fill dam during an earthquake, and ③ reinforcement method that satisfies the performance criteria and evaluation of its safety.     

钢结构性能化抗火设计的初步设想

指出了现行规范在实际应用中的不足，提出了钢结构性能化抗火设计方法的基本框架。讨论了钢结构抗火设计的总体目标、功能目标和性能要求。该方法可充分考虑不同业主及不同建筑结构抗火设计的不同要求，同时确保火灾发生后建筑物内人员的安全及结构抗火设计的最优综合经济指标。并探讨了钢结构性能化抗火设计需解决的关键问题。     

基于功能的结构抗震设计中一些问题的探讨

本文对基于功能的结构抗震设计中的一些问题进行了探讨,指出未来基于功能的结构抗震设 计应具备如下主要特点：分别考虑反映结构抗震设计“共性”和“个性”的两类目标功能水平;直接采 用可靠度的表达形式,并将结构构件层次的可靠度应用水平过渡到考虑不同功能要求的结构体系可 靠度水平上;采用“投资－效益”准则下的基于可靠度的结构优化设计方法。     

Optimum reliabilities and optimum design

The designer's task is to optimize. Designing for an intuitively fixed reliability is almost as arbitrary as designing for an intuitively fixed safety factor. Efforts to improve the calculation of reliabilities of proposed designs are commendable but sterile unless we take the additional step of optimizing the design reliabilities associated with the various potential limit states. Through examples it is shown how these reliabilities depend on the consequences of entrance into limit states and on the marginal initial cost of the reliability and how earthquake design spectra must differ radically from those for fixed return periods. It is further claimed that the optimum reliabilities depend on how a structure enters a limit state. A more realistic aim is not the establishing of design reliabilities but of optimum designs. This is illustrated in connection with progressive collapse.Mistakes (“human” or “gross” errors) are not considered in the present analysis.