多壁碳纳米管/聚亚苯基苯并二噁唑复合材料的微结构与性能

以甲基磺酸(MSA)为溶剂通过溶液共混法制备了不同多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)含量的多壁碳纳米管/聚亚苯基苯并二噁唑(MWNTs/PBO)复合材料, 用扫描电镜(SEM)对热处理前后复合材料的微结构进行了分析, 并对其导电、力学和耐热性能进行了研究。结果表明: MWNTs能均匀地分散在聚合物基体中, 并能形成一定的网络结构, 热处理后的复合材料较热处理前的结构更致密, 导电性能和力学性能都有所改善, 其中MWNTs质量分数为10％的热处理后复合材料与纯PBO聚合物相比, 体积电阻率降低约9个数量级, 而拉伸强度和拉伸模量分别提高了95％和53％, 耐热性能也有一定的提高。      

碳纳米管对碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料力学性能的影响

为了探讨碳纳米管(CNTs)对碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料(CF/ER复合材料)力学性能与疲劳寿命的影响,利用静态拉伸实验和拉-拉疲劳实验沿纤维方向对CF/ER复合材料和CNTs增强CF/ER复合材料(CNTs/CF/ER复合材料)进行了对比研究,同时利用X射线仪与扫描电镜对试样进行了观察.研究结果表明,CNTs的加入,虽然对CF/ER复合材料的拉伸力学性能影响不明显,但可以提高高周疲劳寿命约4倍,使各种实验应力水平下的裂纹密度降低9.5％以上,并可观察到试样中CNTs的拔出、破裂及桥联作用.由此可见,CNTs的加入可明显改善CF/ER复合材料的疲劳寿命.     

氯化聚乙烯/碳纳米管复合材料的制备及其性能研究

以三氯化铝(AlCl3)作催化剂,将多壁碳纳米管(MWNTS)悬浮在氯仿(CHCl3)溶液中,通过亲电加成反应,对MWNTS进行了侧壁化学修饰,并对化学修饰后的MWNTS作了红外光谱的分析.分别采用机械共混法和溶液共沉淀法制备了CPE/CNTs复合材料,对CPE/CNTs复合材料进行了拉伸性能及流变性能的测试,并利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了CPE/CNTs复合材料拉伸断面的形貌特征.结果表明:CPE/CNTs复合材料的拉伸强度随碳纳米管加入量的增加而增大,当碳纳米管的加入量为5份时,其拉伸强度最大,与纯氯化聚乙烯的拉伸强度相比,提高了75%;化学修饰后的碳纳米管在氯化聚乙烯基体中有了较好的分散性和相容性;CPE/CNTs复合材料的表观粘度随碳纳米管加入量的增加而逐渐增大.     

MWNTs/PBO共混纤维的制备及性能

通过原位分散方法将不同含量的多壁碳纳米管（MWNTs）引入聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑（PBO）聚合体系,共混产物采用液晶纺丝法纺制成高性能MWNTs/PBO纤维。用偏光显微镜观察了MWNTs的分散状况,发现将MWNTs先预分散在多聚磷酸（PPA）中再添加可以有效地改善其分散性,热失重分析仪、强力仪研究了纤维的热稳定性能和力学性能。结果表明,MWNTs质量分数为2%的共混纤维的拉伸强度和模量分别达到4.69 GPa和128.8 GPa,比相同卷绕速度下PBO纤维提高了24.2%和23.5%,起始热分解温度也从668.9℃提高到700.8℃。MWNTs的质量分数达到5%时由于团聚严重,降低了PBO的可纺性,影响了纤维的性能。      

聚苯撑苯并二噁唑/纳米石墨微片复合材料的制备及表征

在常规反应器中利用原位插层法的原理,制备了聚苯撑苯并二噁唑/纳米石墨微片(PBO/GN)复合材料。该反应在常规反应器中能顺利进行,避免使用双螺杆挤出机等高端设备,大大降低了反应成本。对PBO/GN复合材料进行了红外及热重分析、特性黏数比较和力学性能测定,与同等条件下制得的PBO进行了对比分析。结果表明:GN对PBO的聚合有促进作用,制得的PBO/GN复合材料不仅具有PBO材料优良的耐热性,纤维拉伸强度也相对提高了90%左右。     

酸处理碳纳米管/PBO复合材料的制备与表征

用原位聚合法成功地制备了碳纳米管/聚对苯撑苯并双口恶唑(PBO)复合材料。用FT-IR、XPS、SEM和AFM对碳纳米管和所制备的复合材料进行了表征,结果表明,碳纳米管的酸处理效果好,表面含有C-O、COOH等极性官能团;复合材料中碳纳米管在聚合物基体中分散均匀,两相界面间存在较强的作用力。     

聚氨酯/碳纳米管复合材料的制备及其对血小板黏附的抑制作用

通过原位聚合的方法将官能化碳纳米管引入聚氨酯中制备了聚氨酯/碳纳米管复合材料(PU/MWNTs),并对其物理学性能和生物学功能进行了研究.通过差示扫描量热法和拉伸性能测试对材料的基本性能进行了研究;通过血小板黏附实验评价了复合材料的生物学性能.结果表明,PU/MWNTs材料的玻璃化温度升高、力学性能得到了提高,碳纳米管(CNTs)的加入使复合材料显示出与聚氨酯基体材料不同的血小板吸附行为,尽管MWNTs的增加明显促进了纤维蛋白原的吸附,但PU/MWNTs表现出对血小板黏附和活化有抑制作用.     

气相原位聚合制备碳纳米管/乙丙橡胶复合材料及其性能表征

以碳纳米管为防黏助剂,通过气相原位聚合制备了乙丙橡胶复合材料。加入适量的碳纳米管可以防止聚合过程中由于温度升高导致的橡胶颗粒软化粘结问题,且碳纳米管的加入对乙丙橡胶的熔融温度和热解温度没有影响;与导电炭黑相比,碳纳米管的加入显著提高了复合材料的导电性能和拉伸强度;通过气相原位聚合制备的复合材料,碳纳米管在乙丙橡胶中的分散良好,其导电性能优于机械共混法制备的碳纳米管-橡胶复合材料。     

碳纤维上原位生长碳纳米管对C/C复合材料弯曲性能的影响

以碳毡为基底原位生长了碳纳米管（CNTs）,借助化学气相渗透制备了CNTs-C/C复合材料。研究了催化剂含量对碳纳米管生长的影响以及不同含量碳纳米管对C/C复合材料弯曲性能的影响。结果表明：催化剂对CNTs产量影响较大,且含量越多,生成的CNTs量越大;原位生长CNTs引入的催化剂会导致CNTs-C/C复合材料弯曲性能变差;CNTs的加入改变了热解碳的沉积行为,诱导了球状和锥状小尺寸热解碳的形成,减少了微裂纹的出现。适量CNTs能提高C/C复合材料的弯曲强度和模量,并改善材料的断裂行为。     

一步法制备聚氨酯/碳纳米管复合泡沫材料及其性能

采用球磨法将碳纳米管分散到聚醚三元醇中,以水为发泡剂,采用一步法原位聚合制备了聚氨酯(PU)/碳纳米管(CNTs)复合泡沫材料,研究了发泡剂水的添加量和碳纳米管的含量对复合材料密度和性能的影响.结果表明,随水添加量的增加,泡沫材料的密度、压缩模量、拉伸模量以及断裂伸长率呈下降的趋势;碳纳米管的加入大幅度提高了材料的压缩...     

In situ polymerized nanocomposites: Polystyrene/CNT and Poly(methyl methacrylate)/CNT composites

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were incorporated into polystyrene (PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrices via in situ emulsion and emulsion/suspension polymerization methods. The polymerizations were carried out using various initiators, surfactants, and carbon nanotubes to determine their influence on polymerization and on the properties of the composites. The loading of CNTs in the composites varied from 0 to 15 wt.%, depending on the CNTs used. Morphology and dispersion of the CNTs were analyzed by transmission and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The dispersion of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in the composites was excellent, even at high CNT loading. The mechanical properties, and electrical and thermal conductivities, of the composites were also analyzed. Both electrical and thermal conductivities were improved.     

Comparison of drying methods for the preparation of carbon fiber felt/carbon nanotubes modified epoxy composites

Carbon fiber felt with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were prepared by immersing three-dimensional (3D) felt into CNT aqueous solution (with dispersant) followed by removing water with different drying methods. Epoxy resin was then introduced into the felt to obtain 3D fiber felt/CNTs modified epoxy composites. This paper highlights the effect of drying method on macro-morphologies of the felt, morphological dispersion of CNTs and some relevant properties of the composites, including electrical conductivity and flexural performance. The results demonstrate that compared to the commonly used heat drying method, freeze drying technique possesses obvious advantages for the fabrication of fiber felt/CNT modified epoxy composites.     

机械混炼对碳纳米管/丁苯橡胶复合材料的影响

为研究机械混炼对碳纳米管(CNTs)/粉末丁苯橡胶(SBR)复合材料性能的影响,从而获得性能优异的CNTs/SBR复合材料,联合采用喷雾干燥法和机械混炼法,制备高填充量CNTs/SBR复合材料.将喷雾干燥法制备的CNTs/粉末SBR复合材料在开炼机上机械混炼,对比分析混炼前后试样的物理和力学等相关性能,并对其微观形貌进行检测.结果表明,机械混炼使CNTs获得进一步的分散,与SBR基体间作用力得到增强,与混炼前相比,混炼后试样的玻璃化转变温度、交联度和常规力学性能均得到提高,当CNTs加入量为50phr时,混炼后复合材料的拉伸强度和撕裂强度分别为13.1MPa和39.8kN/m,比混炼前试样分别提高了约80%和20%.     

Effect of a multiscale reinforcement by carbon fiber surface treatment with graphene oxide/carbon nanotubes on the mechanical properties of reinforced carbon/carbon composites

An effective carbon fiber/graphene oxide/carbon nanotubes (CF-GO-CNTs) multiscale reinforcement was prepared by co-grafting carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene oxide (GO) onto the carbon fiber surface. The effects of surface modification on the properties of carbon fiber (CF) and the resulting composites was investigated systematically. The GO and CNTs were chemically grafted on the carbon fiber surface as a uniform coating, which could significantly increase the polar functional groups and surface energy of carbon fiber. In addition, the GO and CNTs co-grafted on the carbon fiber surface could improve interlaminar shear strength of the resulting composites by 48.12% and the interfacial shear strength of the resulting composites by 83.39%. The presence of GO and CNTs could significantly enhance both the area and wettability of fiber surface, leading to great increase in the mechanical properties of GO/CNTs/carbon fiber reinforced composites.     

不同物相电沉积CNTs对C/SiC复合材料力学性能的影响

采用电沉积法与化学气相渗透(CVI)法将碳纳米管(CNTs)分别引入到碳纤维表面和SiC基体中,制得了不同物相电沉积CNTs的C/SiC复合材料(CNTs-C)/SiC和C/(CNTs-SiC)。研究了CNTs沉积物相对C/SiC复合材料力学性能的影响,分析了不同CNTs沉积物相的C/SiC复合材料的拉伸强度及断裂机制。结果表明:相较于未加CNTs的C/SiC复合材料,CNTs沉积到碳纤维表面的(CNTs-C)/SiC复合材料的拉伸强度提高了67.3%,断裂功提高了107.2%;而将CNTs引入到SiC基体中的C/(CNTs-SiC)复合材料的断裂功有所降低,拉伸强度也仅提高了6.9%,CNTs没有表现出明显的增强增韧效果;C/(CNTs-SiC)复合材料与传统的C/SiC复合材料有相似的断裂形貌特征,断裂拔出机制类似,主要为纤维增强增韧,CNTs的作用不明显。     

Fabrication and properties of CNTs/carbon fabric hybrid multiscale composites processed via resin transfer molding technique

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are effective fillers/reinforcements regarding improving the properties of polymer. In the present paper, carboxylic acid functionalized CNTs were used to modify epoxy with intent to develop a nanocomposite matrix for hybrid multiscale composites combining benefits of nanoscale reinforcement with well-established fibrous composites. CNTs were dispersed in epoxy by using high energy sonication. At low contents of CNTs, hybrid multiscale composites specimens were manufactured via resin transfer molding (RTM) process. The processibility of CNTs/epoxy systems was explored with respect to their viscosity. The dispersion quality and re-agglomeration behavior of CNTs in epoxy were characterized using optical microscope. A CNTs loading of 0.025 wt% significantly improved the glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the hybrid multiscale composites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the fracture surface of the failed specimens. It is demonstrated that the addition of small amount of CNTs (0.025 wt%) to epoxy for the fabrication of multiscale carbon fabric composites via RTM route effectively improves the matrix-dominated properties of polymer based composites. Hybridization efficiency in carbon fiber reinforced composites using CNTs is found to be highly dependent on the changes in the dispersion state of CNTs in epoxy.     

PBO纤维的合成、纺制、微相结构与性能研究进展

PBO(聚对苯撑苯并双噁唑)纤维是新一代超高性能纤维，文中对PBO纤维研制开发中关于合成、纺制、微相结构与性能方面的研究作一较详细的概述。特别阐述了其结构与性能关系研究的一些最新成果。     

碳纳米管/羟基磷灰石复合材料的制备及表征

以含钴介孔分子筛为催化剂、乙醇为碳源, 采用CVD法制备碳纳米管(CNTs)。通过原位合成法制备一系列不同碳纳米管含量的碳纳米管/羟基磷灰石(CNTs/HA)复合材料。分别采用XRD、FTIR、TEM、N₂吸附-脱附和Raman光谱等分析手段, 对所合成CNTs/HA复合材料的晶相、结构、形貌和比表面积等进行了表征。同时研究了碳纳米管的添加量对所合成CNTs/HA复合材料形貌的影响。XRD与Raman结果表明, 所得CNTs/HA复合粉体中仅有CNTs与HA两种物相, 纯度较高, 结晶度较好; TEM结果显示, CNTs/HA复合材料中CNTs表面均匀包裹着一层纳米级的针状HA晶粒, 两者形成了较强的界面结合, 且当CNTs与HA的质量比为3:17时, CNTs与HA形成最佳结合状态; N₂吸附-脱附表征结果表明, 与HA的比表面积相比, CNTs/HA复合材料具有较高比表面积。