冷轧变形对Custom 465钢组织和性能的影响

 研究了冷轧变形对Ti强化马氏体时效不锈钢Custom 465时效析出、逆转变奥氏体相变和力学性能的影响。结果表明：①在510 ℃时效过程中，杆状Ni3Ti金属间化合物持续析出、长大，致使快速发生硬化；②510 ℃时效过程中，发生逆转变奥氏体相变，冷轧变形使逆转变奥氏体相变滞后；③析出Ni3Ti金属间化合物的同时，马氏体基体发生部分回复。     

用X射线评价马氏体时效钢冷轧材的回复效应

用X射线衍射技术研究了马氏体时效钢冷轧变形和衍射峰宽化效应的关系，结果表明冷轧变形使X射线衍射峰型发生明显的变化，其中衍射峰的宽化间接证明材料塑性变形的不均匀性；510℃×3h时效使冷轧变形引起的衍射峰宽化效应大幅下降，从而证明时效析出前或析出过程中马氏体基体发生了较大程度的回复。更高温度时效后（540℃×3h），X射线衍射峰宽化已不受冷轧变形的影响，证明马氏体基体已回复到与未冷轧材料相当的程度。     

15Ni马氏体时效工具钢的研究初探

马氏体时效钢是依靠马氏体强化和经时效在马氏体内析出金属间化合物的第二相强化而获得超高强度的钢。本文研究了15Ni马氏体时效工具钢的化学成分、经816℃×2h油冷的固溶处理以及480℃×2h时效处理后的显微组织和热处理硬度。对15Ni马氏体时效工具钢的合金化特点进行了初步的分析讨论。     

马氏体时效不锈钢时效析出相及位向关系的研究

系统研究了Custom 465钢510℃时效析出相及相关的位向关系,结果表明:Ni3Ti是钢的主要时效析出相,析出相为杆状,杆的长度方向与马氏体基体的[111]M方向一致;(011)M///(0001)Ni3Ti、[111]M//[1120]Ni3Ti是马氏体和Ni3Ti金属间化合物确切的位向关系,这种位向关系使Ni3Ti在马氏体基体内出现12种可能的亚型.     

时效处理对00Crl3Ni7Co5Mo4W马氏体时效不锈钢组织及耐蚀性的影响

采用动电位极化曲线、均匀腐蚀全浸试验研究了50 kg真空感应炉冶炼的00Cr13Ni7Co5Mo4W马氏体时效不锈钢（/%:0.007C,13.23Cr,7.02 Ni,5.06Co,3.72Mo,0.96W）1100℃1 h固溶,450510℃8 h时效后的耐蚀性能,通过金相显微镜、透射电镜、XRD分析了马氏体时效不锈钢的组织。结果表明,随时效温度升高时效过程析出R相增加,导致钢的耐点腐蚀性下降,同时由马氏体逆转变的奥氏体数量增加,可改善该钢的耐腐蚀性能。00Cr13Ni7Co5Mo4W马氏体时效不锈钢适宜的热处理工艺为1100℃1 h固溶+470℃8 h时效,其年腐蚀速率为1.259 0 μm/a,点蚀击穿电位为252 mV。     

00Cr13Ni7M04C04W2Ti马氏体时效钢的时效动力学研究

研究用马氏体时效不锈钢(%:0.007C、13.44Cr、7.47Ni、4.15Mo、4.21Co、1.84W、0.12Ti)由15 kg真空感应炉熔炼和真空白耗炉重熔精炼而成.试验得出经1100 ℃ 1 h同溶处理的中12 mm轧制试样450～550℃时效硬化曲线,分析了该钢的时效硬化指数和激活能.结果表明,00cr13Ni7M04C04W2Ti钢的时效析出相为六方结构的条状R-相(Co-Cr-Mo金属间化合物),其尺寸为10-30 nm,R.相的析出动力学可用Arrhenius方程描述,低于525 ℃时效存在预沉淀现象,并且时效硬化指数随时效温度升高而增加,时效过程表观激活能为156.8 kJ/mol.     

00Cr13Ni7Mo4Co4W2Ti马氏体时效钢的时效动力学研究

研究用马氏体时效不锈钢(%:0.007C、13.44Cr、7.47Ni、4.1 5Mo、4.21Co、1.84W、0.12Ti)由15kg真空感应炉熔炼和真空自耗炉重熔精炼而成。试验得出经1100℃1h固溶处理的φ12mm轧制试样450～550℃时效硬化曲线,分析了该钢的时效硬化指数和激活能。结果表明,00Cr13Ni7Mo4Co4W2Ti钢的时效析出相为六方结构的条状R-相(Co-Cr-Mo金属间化合物),其尺寸为10～30mm,R-相的析出动力学可用Arrhenius方程描述,低于525℃时效存在预沉淀现象,并且时效硬化指数随时效温度升高而增加,时效过程表观激活能为156.8kJ/mol。     

循环相变对00Cr13Ni7Co5Mo4Ti马氏体时效不锈钢 晶粒细化和力学性能的影响

研究了00Cr13Ni7Co5Mo4Ti马氏体时效不锈钢(/%:0.009C、13.28Cr、7.37Ni、5.36Co、3.59Mo、0.66Ti)经4次860℃15 min水冷循环处理的细化晶粒工艺对力学性能的影响。以1 100℃1 h固溶处理的组织为原始组织,经3～4次循环相变处理后,马氏体时效不锈钢的晶粒尺寸由180μm细化至10μm的细小等轴晶粒。与传统1 100℃1 h固溶+450℃9 h时效工艺相比,经1 100℃1 h固溶+860℃15 min水冷α′↔γ循环相变+450℃9 h时效的钢的屈服强度σ_0.2由1 420 MPa提高至1 560 MPa,伸长率δ由12.6%提高至14.9%。     

固溶时效处理对粉末冶金不锈钢33Cr9Ni2Mo0.96N组织的影响

采用电子探针、XRD和透射电镜等研究了热等静压态、固溶态、固溶+时效处理过程中,粉末冶金不锈钢33Cr9Ni2Mo0.96N第二相的析出行为。结果表明:热等静压态的33Cr9Ni2Mo0.96N组织主要由γ+Cr2N+σ组成,经过固溶淬火后,组织主要由奥氏体+少量铁素体组成,经500℃和600℃时效后,33Cr9Ni2Mo0.96N中没有观察到第二相析出,经700℃时效,残余铁素体转变为σ相,同时在奥氏体晶粒及晶界处也开始析出σ相,经过800℃时效,有大量的Cr2N沿晶界析出,然后向晶内长大,经900℃时效后,Cr2N不断向晶内生长,最终几乎布满整个晶粒,而σ相趋于稳定。     

时效处理对00Cr13Ni7Co5Mo4W马氏体时效不锈钢组织及耐蚀性的影响

采用动电位极化曲线、均匀腐蚀全浸试验研究了50 kg真空感应炉冶炼的00Cr13Ni7Co5Mo4W马氏体时效不锈钢(/%:0.007C,13.23Cr,7.02 Ni,5.06Co,3.72Mo,0.96W)1100℃1 h固溶,450~510℃8 h时效后的耐蚀性能,通过金相显微镜、透射电镜、XRD分析了马氏体时效不锈钢的组织。结果表明,随时效温度升高时效过程析出R相增加,导致钢的耐点腐蚀性下降,同时由马氏体逆转变的奥氏体数量增加,可改善该钢的耐腐蚀性能。00Cr13Ni7Co5Mo4W马氏体时效不锈钢适宜的热处理工艺为1100℃1 h固溶+470℃8 h时效,其年腐蚀速率为1.259 0μm/a,点蚀击穿电位为252 mV。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.     

Quality of life of relatives of mental patients

Usage of quality of life of psychiatric patients' relatives as the parameter of estimation of the quality of psychiatric care is considered. By means of standard questionnaire elaborated by the authors as well as by means of both individual and group conversations the quality of life was analyzed in 40 relatives which lived together with psychiatric patients. Different spheres of their life and difficulties (financial, social-psychologic, production) were examined in families with such patients. The defects of psychiatric care that had direct influence on the quality of life of the psychiatric patients' relatives are outlined.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)