南瓜叶浓缩蛋白制品的食用安全性初步评价

采用我国《食品安全性毒理学评价程序》中所规定的标准方法和实验模型,对南瓜叶浓缩蛋白制品的食用安全性进行评价.结果显示,该产品小鼠经口LD50值大于21.501g/kg·bw,属无毒级;小鼠30d喂养未显示任何毒副作用.因此,该产品对实验动物不具有急性毒性作用.     

发酵食品的安全性及其监控

该文论述了发酵食品的安全性及其影响因素，如发酵原料；发酵方法；生产容器、包装袋、加工环境及添加物；发酵生产自身副产物；发酵产品中存在不良微生物；废弃物；转基因技术等。根据上述因素加强发酵食品生产监控，建立行之有效的措施，使其具有较高的食用安全性和更加广阔的前景。     

我国与CAC、美国、欧盟食用香料安全性 评价的比较研究

目的:探寻我国在食用香料安全性评价中存在的不足,提出改进与完善该评价体系的建议.方法:搜集我国、CAC、美国和欧盟现行有效的食用香料安全性评价体系与暴露评估方法的相关资料,对其进行比较研究.结果:CAC、美国、欧盟和我国在有关食用香料安全性评价机构、暴露评估方法和安全性评价程序等方面不尽相同.结论:我国在暴露评估方法及暴露量数据、安全性评价程序、毒性资料数据库建立等方面存在一些不足,建议进一步完善我国对食用香料的安全性评估,并进行使用效果评价,建立较为完善、便于查询的毒性资料数据库等.     

复方蓝莓越橘颗粒制备及安全性评价

探究复方蓝莓越橘颗粒最佳配方工艺,并对成品进行食用安全性评价。以感官评价为指标,通过正交优化试验确定产品的较优配方。采用大鼠急性经口毒性试验、Ames试验、小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验对复方蓝莓越橘颗粒的食用安全性进行评价。结果表明,通过正交试验确定产品最终配方:蓝莓粉30%、叶黄素2%、越橘浓缩粉1.5%、葡萄籽提取物1%、维矿预混料1%、木糖醇32%、麦芽糊精32.5%。复方蓝莓越橘颗粒对大鼠急性经口毒性的最大耐受剂量(MTD)值大于18.0 g/(kg·bw),属于无毒级。Ames试验、小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验及小鼠精子畸形试验结果均为阴性(P>0.05),说明该复方颗粒无遗传毒性,无致畸作用。复方蓝莓越橘颗粒的配方工艺合理可行,且具有较高食用安全性。     

螺旋藻食用安全性的研究

为了解螺旋藻的食用安全性，对螺旋藻进行了食品安全性毒理学评价。结果：骨髓微核实验中３个试验组的微核细胞率与阴性对照组相比，Ｐ值均大于０．０５，无显著性差异；Ａｍｅｓ试验的致突变率小于２，为阴性；小鼠精子畸形试验证实螺旋藻不引起小鼠精子畸形。试验结果表明螺旋藻ＬＤ５０大于１００００ｍｇ／ｋｇＢＷ，属无毒，是安全的食品。     

我国与CAC食用香料安全性评价和管理的比较研究

食用香料在食品的生产和消费中起着十分重要的作用,随着人民生活水平的提高以及对食品安全的日益重视,食用香料的安全性评价和管理越来越重要.本文对我国与CAC食用香料的安全性评价和管理进行了对比分析,提出了我国应建立系统的食用香料安全性评价体系和完善我国食用香料法规标准体系的建议.     

转基因食品安全性评价研究进展

自1996年以来,转基因作物的大规模商业化生产为人们带来了巨大的社会经济效益,但是转基因技术存在一定的风险性,因此加强转基因食品的安全性评价和标准化管理显得尤为迫切和重要。本文从营养学、毒理学、过敏性等方面综述了转基因食品的食用安全性评价,并多角度探讨了转基因食品安全性评价的关键问题,包括用不同动物实验评价转基因食品的食用安全性,新型转基因植物的安全性评价,以及转基因食品的食用安全标准化等,以期使读者对转基因食品的食用安全性有更加系统、全面的了解。     

转基因水稻食用安全性评价国内外概况

转基因水稻的研制与开发已经达到了可商业化阶段,但是出于对其食用与环境安全性的忧虑,目前还没有国家批准转基因水稻商品化。我国已经发现有疑似转基因稻种出现在市场上,这就迫切要求我们加快对转基因水稻的安全性评价尤其是食用安全性评价的研究,建立相应的评价标准,以规范转基因水稻的商业化及生产。本文主要从转基因水稻的营养成分实质等同性分析,动物营养学评价,体内及体外毒理学评价,致敏性评价及外源基因的水平转移五个角度对转基因水稻的国内外食用安全性评价工作进行了综述,以期为以后的食用安全性评价及标准体系的建立提供参考。     

泡制型酸茶产品品质评定探讨

概述酸茶产品的创制、发展过程与加工工艺,探讨品质评定方法。酸茶产品作为直接入口的食品,在评价安全性时存在应以茶叶的限量指标还是以食品的限量指标作为参照标准的问题,长期食用的安全性还有待进一步研究。     

栀子黄色素中内源性苯甲酸本底含量调查与溯源分析

栀子黄色素是一种重要的天然食用着色剂，应用广泛，其产品中含有一定量的苯甲酸。为了研究栀子黄色素中苯甲酸的来源及其本底含量，本文通过研究栀子黄色素的原料栀子鲜果、加工过程中各阶段中间产品、产品辅料和加工助剂、栀子黄色素终产品中的苯甲酸含量，确定出栀子黄色素产品中的苯甲酸为内源性本底天然苯甲酸；通过对栀子黄色素进行了放射性（C14）天然属性的鉴别，确定栀子黄色素中的苯甲酸为天然属性，无人为外加的化学合成苯甲酸。我国目前栀子黄色素产品中所含的内源性天然苯甲酸含量均在1.28～56.2 mg/kg范围，低于化学合成苯甲酸防腐剂在食品中最大使用量，范围为200～2000 mg/kg（以苯甲酸计），安全性更高，无食用风险。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the