超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱法测定双壳类水产品中亲脂性贝类毒素

目的建立超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱法(high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry,HPLC-TQ-MS/MS)方法检测双壳类水产中的亲脂性贝类毒素(lipophilicphycotoxins,LPs)。方法样品采用80%甲醇水溶液进行提取,上清液经strata-x柱净化,将洗脱液氮吹至干定容后上机测定。选用Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C_(18)(2.1 mm×50 mm,1.8μm)色谱柱,以10mmol/L甲酸铵-0.1%甲酸水和乙腈(含0.1%甲酸)为流动相,采用梯度洗脱进行分离。多重态反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring,MRM)方式检测。结果 LPs的线性范围为5.0~200 ng/mL,检出限为5.0~6.0μg/kg,回收率在45.8%~86.3%之间。结论本方法提取效果较好、基质效应小,适用于双壳类水产中亲脂性贝类毒素的痕量检测。     

免疫亲和柱净化-高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法测定双壳类水产中软骨藻酸

目的 采用免疫亲和柱净化双壳类水产中的软骨藻酸,建立高效液相色谱-三重四级杆质谱串联（LC-MS/MS）方法检测双壳类水产中的软骨藻酸,为水产品中的软骨毒素检测提供方法依据。方法 选用InfinityLab Poroshell 120 EC-C18色谱柱,以10 mmol/L甲酸铵-0.1%甲酸-甲醇为流动相,采用梯度洗脱进行分离。样品用80%甲醇水提取,上清液加入PBS缓冲液后经免疫亲和柱净化,将洗脱液氮吹至干定容后上机测定。多重态反应监测（MRM）方式检测。结果 软骨藻酸的线性范围为20.0~200 ng/ml,检出限为0.002 μg/g,回收率在75.2% ~ 85.7%之间。结论 本方法特异性强、提取效果好、无基质抑制效应,适用于双壳类水产中软骨藻酸的痕量检测。     

免疫亲和柱净化-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鱼肉和肝脏中河鲀毒素

目的采用免疫亲和柱净化鱼肉和肝脏中的河鲀毒素,建立高效液相色谱-三重四级杆质谱串联(LC-MS/MS)方法检测鱼肉和肝脏中的河鲀毒素,为水产品中的河鲀毒素检测提供方法依据。方法选用Zic-Hilic色谱柱(150 mm×2.1 mm,5μm),以10 mmol/L甲酸铵-0.1%甲酸-乙腈为流动相,采用梯度洗脱进行分离。样品用1%乙酸-甲醇沉淀蛋白提取,上清液加入PBS缓冲液后经免疫亲和柱净化,将洗脱液氮吹至干定容后上机测定。多重反应监测(MRM)方式检测。结果河鲀毒素的线性范围为1.0~1 000.0 ng/ml,鱼肉和肝脏中河鲀毒素的检出限分别为0.3和0.2μg/kg,回收率在52.4%~72.6%之间。结论本方法特异性强、提取效果好、无基质抑制效应,适用于鱼肉和肝脏中河鲀毒素的痕量检测。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测具有治疗镇咳平喘功效的药物成分

目的建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测镇咳平类药物中4种药物成分的检测方法。方法采用C18色谱柱进行分离,以水(2 mmol/L甲酸铵-50 mmol/L甲酸)-乙腈(2 mmol/L甲酸铵-50 mmol/L甲酸)作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用正离子电喷雾,多反应监测模式(multiple reaction monitoring, MRM)进行定性定量测定。结果在线性范围0.05~2μg/g区间内,方法相关性较好,检出限为0.02μg/g,定量限为0.05μg/g。方法回收率为85%~103%,相对标准偏差为1.02%~3.69%。结论方法灵敏度好、精密度高、操作简便,适合应用于此类保健食品中非法添加药物成分的检测。     

固相萃取净化超高液相色谱-串联质谱测定鱼粉中的组胺

建立一种固相萃取净化超高液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鱼粉中组胺含量的方法。样品用1%甲酸-乙腈水(1∶1)溶液提取,固相萃取小柱(MCX)净化,以5 mmol/L甲酸铵-0.1%甲酸水溶液和0.1%甲酸-乙腈溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,HILIC色谱柱分离,采用电喷雾离子源正离子模式和多反应监测测定。组胺的线性范围为1～100μg/L,相关系数(R~2)为0.999 5。方法的检出限为3.0μg/kg,定量下限为10.0μg/kg。组胺在10.0、20.0、100μg/kg 3个加标水平下的回收率分别为78.8%、84.0%、91.3%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)分别为6.71%、5.72%、5.33%。该方法前处理简单,样品无需衍生,简便、快捷、有效、稳定,可用于鱼粉中组胺含量的测定。     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱测定豆类杂粮中53种农药残留

目的建立超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法测定杂粮中53种农药残留的分析方法。方法杂粮样品采用乙腈提取,经MgSO_4、乙二胺-N-丙基硅烷化硅胶、C_(18)混合净化剂净化,CAPCELL CORE AQ柱(150 mm×3 mm, 2.7μm)分离,以5 mmol/L甲酸铵水溶液(含0.1%甲酸, V:V)-5 mmol/L甲酸铵甲醇溶液(含0.1%甲酸,V:V)为流动相,在全扫描和自动触发二级质谱(Full MS/dd-MS~2)模式下采集数据。结果 53种目标物在各自范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r~2)均大于0.99,定量限为1～10μg/kg,平均回收率为73.8%～119.7%,相对标准偏差为0.7%～12.1%。结论该法操作简便,灵敏,适用于杂粮中53种农药残留的定性、定量筛查。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定鸡肉中43种兽药残留

目的建立正负离子切换-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定鸡肉中43种兽药残留量的分析方法。方法鸡肉样品经甲酸提取液涡旋提取,固相萃取净化, 10 mmol/L甲酸铵稀释, ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.8μm)色谱柱分离,以0.05%甲酸溶液和0.05%乙腈进行梯度洗脱,正离子多反应监测39种兽药,负离子多反应检测4种兽药,外标法定量测定药物的含量。结果 43种兽药定量限为5μg/kg,标准曲线在0.4～100.0 ng/mL范围内均呈良好的线性关系。在空白鸡肉中3个不同添加水平下,平均回收率为60%～120%之间,变异系数为0.7%～12%。结论该方法准确、快速、灵敏、稳定,适合作为鸡肉中43种兽药残留量的测定。     

亲水作用色谱柱-高效液相色谱法测定鸡蛋中氨丙啉的残留量

目的建立亲水作用色谱柱-高效液相色谱法检测鸡蛋中氨丙啉残留的分析方法。方法样品加入10 mL5%三氯乙酸水溶液进行提取,离心后取一半上清液过HLB柱净化。色谱柱为Poroshell 120 HILIC-Z (100 mm×3.0 mm, 2.7μm),流动相为5 mmol/L乙酸铵-0.1%甲酸水溶液和乙腈,等度洗脱, 5 mmol/L乙酸铵-0.1%甲酸水溶液:乙腈=20:80(V:V),流速为0.4 mL/min,进样量为20μL,检测波长267 nm。结果氨丙啉在0.35～10.0μg/mL呈良好的线性关系, r大于0.999。方法的最低定量限为250μg/kg。氨丙啉在250～2000μg/kg的浓度添加水平上,其回收率在85.0%～96.7%,批内、批间的相对标准偏差小于6%。结论该方法具有简便快捷、灵敏度高等特点,适用于鸡蛋中氨丙啉的残留检测。     

免疫亲和柱净化-液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定水产品中8种霉菌毒素

目的:建立免疫亲和柱净化-液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)同时测定水产品中8种霉菌毒素残留。方法:样品经乙腈水溶液(84:16,V:V)提取,多毒素免疫亲和柱净化。色谱柱为Agilent Proshell 120 SB·C₁₈(2.1 mm×100 mm,2.7μm),流动相为甲醇-5 mmol/L乙酸铵(含0.1%甲酸),梯度洗脱,流速为0.4 mL/min,柱温为40℃。采用电喷雾离子源正负离子同时扫描,多反应监测模式(MRM)进行质谱检测。结果:8种霉菌毒素在1.0～50.0 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好(R²>0.992),方法检出限在0.05～0.50μg/kg之间,定量限在0.17～1.65μg/kg之间;8种霉菌毒素加标回收率在75.6%～106.3%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.5%～9.3%。结论:该方法操作便捷、灵敏度高、准确可靠,能满足水产品中多种霉菌毒素残留快速检测需求。     

高压液相色谱-串联质谱法检测食物中毒样品中的乌头碱

目的 建立引起食物中毒的芝麻糊中乌头碱的高压液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)测定方法。方法 样品经0.1%甲酸-2 mmol/L甲酸铵缓冲溶液振荡提取后, 离心、过滤, 以等体积比的甲醇和甲酸-甲酸铵缓冲溶液为流动相, 经C18色谱柱分离后以多反应监测质谱测定。结果 方法的线性范围为1~1000 μg/L, 线性相关系数为0.999, 最低定量浓度(LOQ)为10 μg/kg, 在50~5000 μg/kg添加水平下平均回收率为82%~94%, 相对标准偏差(RSD)为4.9%~7.4%。结论 该方法能够满足食物中毒样品中乌头碱的检测。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the