有关高性能纤维种类及其应用情况介绍

1 高性能纤维 在先进复合材料中所使用的高强度纤维不仅包括碳纤维、玻璃纤维和芳纶，而且还包括高模量聚乙烯（PE）纤维、硼纤维、石英纤维、陶瓷纤维，还有更新的纤维，如聚对亚苯基苯并双恶唑（PBO）纤维以及混杂纤维等。纤维的基本形态，是以连续纤维丝束形式被用于高性能复合材料中，这种连续纤维形态称作“丝束（tow）”。     

混杂FRP得合材料单轴拉伸性能研究

为制备优异综合性能的混杂FRP(Fiber Reinforced Plastic/Polymer)复合材料,本文试验研究了芳纶、玄武岩、玻璃纤维与碳纤维混杂复合材料的单轴拉伸力学性能,分析了纤维种类、碳纤维相对体积含量、铺层方式等混杂参数对混杂效应的影响.结果表明,HFRP(Hybrid FRP)复合材料的单轴拉伸弹性模量基本符合混合定律,层间混杂FRP复合材料均表现出良好的混杂效应.当碳纤维铺层在中间时,碳/芳纶/玻璃层间混杂复合材料的混杂效应系数为0.647,混杂效应最优.     

混杂FRP复合材料单轴拉伸性能研究

为制备优异综合性能的混杂FRP(Fiber Reinforced Plastic/Polymer)复合材料,本文试验研究了芳纶、玄武岩、玻璃纤维与碳纤维混杂复合材料的单轴拉伸力学性能,分析了纤维种类、碳纤维相对体积含量、铺层方式等混杂参数对混杂效应的影响。结果表明,HFRP(Hybrid FRP)复合材料的单轴拉伸弹性模量基本符合混合定律,层间混杂FRP复合材料均表现出良好的混杂效应。当碳纤维铺层在中间时,碳/芳纶/玻璃层间混杂复合材料的混杂效应系数为0.647,混杂效应最优。     

基体韧性和铺层方式对角层混杂纤维复合材料拉伸性能的影响

本文研究了基体韧性和铺层方式对± 4 5°铺层的玻璃纤维、碳纤维及其混杂纤维复合材料拉伸断裂性能和损伤行为的影响。实验结果表明 ,采用混杂纤维有利于提高复合材料的拉伸强度和断裂应变 ,呈正的混杂效应 ;基体韧性的增加可以改善纤维复合材料的抗损伤能力     

纤维增强摩阻材料的冲击性能研究

主要研究了丁腈橡胶形态、粘结剂含量及混杂纤维含量对混杂纤维增强摩阻材料冲击性能的影响。结果表明，酚醛树脂中混入丁腈橡胶可大大提高摩阻材料的冲击性能，其中，液态丁腈橡胶与树脂混合制作的纤维增强摩阻材料的冲击性能较高；用质量分数为28％－29％的粘结剂与28％的混杂纤维制得的摩阻材料的冲击性能最佳。     

静电纺丝PA66纳米纤维束的拉伸性能

利用静电纺丝技术,采用两个间隔一定距离的针头作为收集装置制备PA66纳米纤维束,其中一个接收针头静止,另一个以不同转速旋转。通过调节针头转速得到纳米纤维不同排列方式的纳米纤维束。利用扫描电镜（SEM）、广角X射线衍射（WAXD）、差示扫描量热法（DSC）、拉伸试验等对纳米纤维束的微观结构和拉伸性能进行表征,并研究了接收针头转速对纳米纤维束的微观结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明：旋转条件下制备的纳米纤维束的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率均大于静止条件下制备的纤维束。     

纤维丝束大小对Mini-C/SiC拉伸性能与强度分布的影响

为了探究碳纤维丝束大小对纤维束复合材料碳/碳化硅(Mini-C/SiC)拉伸性能和强度分布的影响,采用化学气相浸渗(CVI)法制备了1k Mini-C/SiC和3k Mini-C/SiC复合材料.测试了C纤维束以及Mini-C/SiC复合材料的拉伸性能,并采用两参数Weibull分布模型分析了强度分布,同时还观察了拉伸断口形貌.结果表明:3k C纤维束表现出了明显的"聚拢效应",其拉伸性能和强度稳定性均优于1k C纤维束,而且其拉伸强度、Weibull模数、特征强度、延伸率和断裂功分别比1k C纤维束的高47％、13％、46％、54％和102％.同时,1k C纤维束发生韧性断裂,3k C纤维束发生脆性断裂.3k Mini-C/SiC复合材料的拉伸性能和强度稳定性均优于1k Mini-C/SiC复合材料,其拉伸强度、Weibull模数、特征强度、延伸率和断裂功分别比1k Mini-C/SiC复合材料提高了67％、69％、63％、92％和216％,而且两者的拉伸断裂方式均为典型的脆性断裂.纤维体积分数高是大纤维丝束复合材料3k Mini-C/SiC拉伸性能和强度稳定性优于小纤维丝束复合材料1k Mini-C/SiC的主要原因.     

单向芳纶/玻璃纤维混杂复合材料板材拉伸性能研究

本文对单向芳纶/玻璃纤维复合材料进行制作,对其纵向拉伸强度、拉伸模量和弹性伸长进行实验分析。实验结果表明,单向混杂复合材料的拉伸断裂大多为多次性,界面数越多,一次性断裂的可能性越大。界面数为1的混杂纤维复合材料的芳纶纤维体积含量在对拉伸强度影响上的存在临界值,表现出明显的混杂效应。界面数大于1的混杂复合材料在芳纶纤维铺层数一定的情况下,界面数的多少不影响混杂复合材料拉伸强度和拉伸弹性模量的大小。界面数大于1比界面数为1的复合材料的拉伸强度和拉伸模量明显偏高。同时对不同制作条件下纯玻璃纤维单向复合材料的拉伸性能进行剖析。     

2011年世界化学纤维生产达4866万t

<正>据日本化纤协会《新闻稿》最近发表的数字,2011年的世界化学纤维生产量为4 866万t,比上年增长8%,创历史新高。其中,合成纤维(除聚烯烃纤维)为4 514万t,比上年增加8%、纤维素纤维(除醋酯纤维丝束)为352万t,比上年增加11%。     

SF/PF复合材料冲击性能的研究

研究了剑麻纤维(SF)的表面处理方式、纤维的含量、纤维的长度及与玻璃纤维混杂增强对SF／酚醛树脂(PF)复合材料冲击强度的影响，借助SEM观察复合材料的冲击断面，进行了微观结构分析。结果表明，SF经过碱处理后复合体系的冲击强度提高了34％，当SF的质量分数为40％、长度为6ram时，SF／PF复合材料冲击强度达到最大值，当SF与玻纤质量比为1：1时，复合材料冲击强度出现了混杂效应。     

Long jute fiber‐reinforced polypropylene composite: Effects of jute fiber bundle and glass fiber hybridization

Two types of long jute fiber pellet consisting of twisted‐jute yarn (LFT‐JF/PP) and untwisted‐jute yarn (UT‐JF/PP) pellets are used to prepare jute fiber–reinforced polypropylene (JF/PP) composites. The mechanical properties of both long fiber composites are compared with that of re‐pelletized pellet (RP‐JF/PP) of LFT‐JF/PP pellet, which is re‐compounded by extrusion compounding. High stiffness and high impact strength of JF/PP composites are as a result of using long fiber. However, the longer fiber bundle consequently affects the distribution of jute fiber. The incorporation of 10 wt % glass fibers is found to improve mechanical properties of JF/PP composites. Increasing mechanical properties of hybrid composites is dependent on the type of JF/PP pellets, which directly affect the fiber length and fiber orientation of glass fiber within hybrid composites. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41819.     

连续玻纤增强聚丙烯预浸带熔融浸渍过程纤维断裂研究

为提高连续玻纤增强聚丙烯预浸带（PP/GF）性能,采用熔融浸渍法制备连续玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯预浸带,研究了PP熔体浸渍连续GF束过程。基于Weibull分布函数建立了纤维断裂数学模型,预测预浸带生产过程中纤维断裂率并描述实验结果。结果表明,模型与实验数据吻合较好,能够为工业化生产提供指导;纤维束在浸渍模具中受到树脂熔体的作用,及纤维与设备之间的摩擦是影响纤维断裂的主要因素,适当提高浸渍模具温度,降低纤维束牵引速度,增大浸渍模具间隙能有效降低纤维断裂率,提高工艺稳定性。     

短纤维增强PVC的力学性能研究

本文讨论了模压成型制成的短纤维增强PVC的制备方法和力学性能,主要探讨了纤维含量、纤维长度、混杂纤维效应等对复合材料拉伸、弯曲和冲击性能的影响。     

Effect of laminate geometry on impact performance of aramid fiber/polyethylene fiber hybrid composites

ABSTRACT One‐layer and two‐layer hybrid composites were fabricated using open leaky mold method in order to examine the effect of structural geometry on impact performance of aramid fiber/polyethylene (PE) fiber hybrid composites. The impact property of interply hybrid composites was compared with that of intraply hybrid composites with respect to impact mechanism and deformation extent. In addition, the delamination area of two hybrid composites was considered for correlation with impact properties. In one‐layer composites, two intraply hybrids exhibited the different characteristics in impact mechanism and deformation shape. The laminate T absorbed most of impact energy through large deformation of PE fibers with an elliptical damage shape. On the other hand, the laminate R showed the higher impact energy because both aramid and PE fibers contributed to the absorption of impact energy with a round damage zone. In case of two‐layer composites, interply hybrid composites exhibited higher impact energy than intraply hybrid composites. The interply hybrids absorbed the impact energy through deformation process such as fiber pullout and delamination, and impact energy was well correlated to delamination area. The impact energy of intraply hybrid composites was primarily dominated by full exertion of deformation in PE fiber rather than delamination process. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 75: 952–959, 2000     

Effect of the microstructure of GMT on its mechanical properties

The effect of microstructure of GMT on its mechanical properties was investigated. The studied microstructure includes the fiber mat structure, the through-thickness glass fiber content-distribution of GMT sheets and the void content. The fiber bundle GMT (FB-GMT) and the single fiber GMT (SF-GMT) were prepared by the impregnation process using continuous fiber bundle mats and continuous single fiber mats as reinforcement, respectively. The mechanical properties of the two GMTs were compared to reveal the difference in reinforcing effect between the fiber bundle and the single fiber. The effect of needle density of the fiber mat on the mechanical properties of GMT was also studied, which indicated that needle-punching improves the mechanical properties of GMT, and that the optimal needle density is 40∼60 needles/cm². The through-thickness glass fiber content-distribution, which is inhomogeneous and can be modified by the film-stacking method, significantly affects the mechanical properties of GMT. Finally, the study of the effect of void content indicated that with increasing void content, the strength and modulus of GMT decrease, but the impact property increases slightly.     

浸水时间对不同复合材料吸水率及其力学性能的影响

 以不饱和聚酯树脂（UPR）为基体,玻纤布、苎麻布及碱式硫酸镁晶须为增强材料。采用模压工艺制备复合 材料。研究了不同复合材料在30℃及50℃水中浸泡时间对其吸水率及其力学性能的影响。结果表明,所有复合材料 的吸水率均随着浸泡时间的延长而逐渐增加,且在起初的0~8h时快速吸水,之后趋缓或不变|50℃时的吸水率总是 高于30℃时的吸水率|玻纤布对UPR的增强效果明显优于苎麻布|与晶须混杂后将降低玻纤布或苎麻布增强聚合物复 合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度,但却将增加弯曲强度和拉伸模量|随着浸泡时间的延长,玻纤布增强或玻纤布与晶 须混杂增强复合材料的拉伸强度在30℃和50℃时均将下降|苎麻布增强复合材料的冲击强度分别在30℃和50℃水温 浸泡16h时达到最大值,分别为49.1kJ/m2 和48.8kJ/m2,比浸水前的冲击强度分别提高98.78% 和97.57%,而苎麻布 与晶须混杂增强复合材料在两个试验温度下的冲击强度均随着浸泡时间的延长而单调增加。     

Impact behavior of aramid fiber/glass fiber hybrid composites: The effect of stacking sequence

Aramid fiber/glass fiber hybrid composites were prepared to examine the effect of stacking sequence on the impact behavior of thin laminates. The effect of position of the aramid layer on the impact properties of hybrid composites was investigated using driven dart impact tester. The delamination area and fracture surface of hybrid composites were analyzed for correlation with impact energy. The addition of glass layer to aramid layer reduced the impact resistance of hybrid composite due to the restriction in the deformation of aramid layer. The position of aramid layer resulted in variations in the impact behavior of hybrid composites. When the aramid layer was at the impacted surface, the composite exhibited a higher impact energy. This was attributed to the fact that the flexible layer at the impacted surface in thin laminates can experience larger deformation. In three‐layer composites, the aramid fiber‐reinforced composite ( AAA ) exhibited the highest total impact energy due to high impact energy per delamination area (1EDA) in spite of low delamination area. Aramid fiber and glass fiber‐reinforced composites showed a different impact behavior according to the change of thickness. This was attributed to the difference in the energy absorption at interface between laminae.