炉膛速度场声学检测装置

本文讨论了基于声学检测的炉膛速度场测量装置的可行性，并在此基础上设计了一个声学检测试验平台。利用声学检测技术，得到精确的声波时间，以此重建炉膛速度场。该装置将声波信号的发生和接收、A／D转换、基于三次样条插值的信号处理方法和相关计算等技术相结合，并在实验室条件下对测量装置设计方案进行了试验验证。结果显示，该测量装置对于炉膛速度场测量，结果准确，并且有可操作性好、投入低等优点，有着良好的应用前景。     

一种新型的转子旋转速度大小及方向的测量装置

介绍一种非接触式检测转子的旋转速度大小及方向的测量方法及装置.该装置采用四象限光电探测器作为检测元件,利用自准直式的光学系统,对转子端表面进行简单巧妙的处理后,测速传感器输出用于测量转子旋转速度大小及判别旋转方向的两路正交信号,将这两路信号进行四倍频及辨向处理后,再送入单片机进行处理计算,可以得到转子的旋转速度大小及方向.由于测量装置采用了象限相减的差动信号处理方式,可以有效克服噪声的影响及外部干扰信号的影响;信号处理过程中采用的过零检测处理方法,有助于克服光斑强度的变化对测量结果的影响.     

基于GPS技术的速度标准装置研究

本文介绍了一种利用GP5技术研制的公路测速系统速度标准装置,通过GPS接收处理模块,采用多普勒频移变换速率的测量方式,可直接输出与速度成比例的数字脉冲频率信号,经滤波、放大、整形后,送入单片机运算处理,以实现对机动车速度和里程的测量.本标准装置适用于各种具有超速拍照功能的机动车超速自动监测系统的检定与校准.     

基于DSP的矿用提升设备速度非接触测量系统

针对矿山在用提升设备检测检验过程中存在的问题,介绍了一种基于光电技术和DSP的非接触速度测量系统,系统采用BURG谱估计法对信号数据进行实时分析,得出信号的功率谱图,进而求出实时速度,与标定装置的比对表明系统的测量稳定,实时性好,偏差小于±0.1m/s;系统可实时显示速度曲线,自动计算加速度和减速度,并可现场实时打印出测量数据和结果,为矿山在用提升设备的现场检测提供了新的一种检测检验方法和手段。     

输液速度自动控制系统的设计

在人工点滴输液方式中,对输液速度的测量和控制很不方便,基于此,提出一种新型智能输液速度测控装置：该装置采用红外光电传感器实现了对液滴及液位的测量,并利用共集电极放大电路及电容滤波和迟滞比较电路对信号进行处理。该系统能实现输液速度的计算和显示．以及输液过程中人为的强制报警和输液结束时的自动报警功能。该设计成品整体结构新颖、体积小、操作方便。试运行结果表明耗电少、使用安全可靠。     

基于STC单片机的弹丸速度测量系统设计

设计了一种速度大于1 km/s的高速弹丸测速装置。用光纤将入射光导入至弹丸表面,将其反射光导出至光电二极管（GT101）,利用光电转换后的信号触发STC12C5A60S2单片机计时器两路外部中断实现计时,根据两测量点间距和弹丸飞行的时间差,可计算弹丸速度值。利用单片机控制LCD显示速度值并作为下位机与上位机进行串行通信。将软硬件系统经集成为光电测速装置,并用于二级轻气炮的高速弹丸速度测量。结果表明,该测速装置简单可靠,可满足二级轻气炮宽范围速度测量的要求。     

信号失真度测量系统设计

该文设计了一种信号失真度测量装置。通过T公司的MSP430G2553单片机进行处理,运用AD637和低通滤波器,对多功能信号发生器输入的周期信号幅值、频率和谐波进行采集分析,测量输入信号和滤波信号的有效值从而实现信号失真度测量。实验测量结果表明该装置运行稳定,可以实现信号失真度THDx的测量,证明了系统的时效性,实用性强,具有很好的应用价值。     

异常转速测量装置

这是一种在传送带等通过的速度变快时发出警报的装置。该装置使用动作检测器(TMD—U)来测量转速上升。无触点开关把装在传送带转轴上的齿轮的转数变换成脉冲信号后,加到动作检测器上。     

微型飞行器空速计的设计与制作

微型空速计是为适应微型飞行器的体积小,质量轻,功耗低等特点而设计的微型装置。主要包括基于微型皮托管和微差压传感器的速度测量系统,数据预处理系统以及无线信号传输系统。并通过基于STM32的主控电路获取电压信号并计算、显示空速值。     

光电编码器滤波技术研究

在高精度光电跟踪系统中,光电编码器被用来测量转速.但是由于测量会引入误差,给测量所得的速度信号带来很大噪声.为了消除噪声对速度信号精度的影响,采用FIR滤波器对速度信号进行滤波处理,并使用最小二乘法对延时进行补偿,提高速度信号的质量,以便进行实时控制.其中FIR采用DA算法在FPGA中实现,以减少计算延时.实验结果表明,该方法不仅可以提高速度信号质量,而且不会产生延时,可以应用于实时控制系统中.     

基于光电标签的火箭橇全程测速技术研究

火箭橇试验在兵器研制和性能测试上起着至关重要的作用,现有火箭橇测速方法均存在一些不足之处,针对火箭橇试验中全程速度测量难题,提出了一种基于光电标签的火箭橇全程速度测量方法;建立了光电标签的探测模型,对光电标签的原向反射特性进行研究,分析并仿真了传感器在动态测量中的信号变化过程,基于信号的频率特性对光电探测器件与信号处理电路进行选型,设计并搭建出硬件测量电路,对系统进行了测试与验证;实验结果表明：传感器对光电标签的探测距离可达40cm,系统速度测量范围满足了火箭橇试验在兵器靶场上的应用,与传统方法相比,光电标签法成本更低、易实现,在火箭橇全程速度测量中有更广泛的应用场景。     

Free-space interconnects for high-performance optoelectronicswitching

The authors describe the two architectures they have developed that use and demonstrate free-space optical interconnects for digital logic: a high-performance optoelectronic computing module and a second-generation digital optoelectronic computer. The low-power, high-performance optoelectronic computing (HPOC) module was designed for switching and data processing applications. Its architecture uses global, free-space, smart optical interconnects rather than electronic interconnects. The HPOC modules, which incorporate arrays of microlasers, diffractive optical interconnect elements and detectors, are currently undergoing prototype fabrication. By extending the high fan-in and fan-out capabilities of free-space optical interconnects, HPOC modules-when properly configured-offer a significant reduction in power, while maintaining good algorithmic efficiency and high noise margin     

A biologically plausible neural network for motion detection

A neural network model is proposed that detects the actual velocity vector of an object by using local motion signals detected by local motion detectors. First, the computational theory to obtain the actual velocity vector of a rigid object is described. Then a neural network is shown that implements the theory. The neural network model is constructed by two layers: a local velocity vector extraction layer and an integration layer. Many velocity vectors of points on a moving object are detected by local detectors in the local velocity vector extraction layer. These local velocity vectors are integrated in the integration layer in order to obtain the actual velocity vector of the object. The computational processing pathway of the proposed model is similar to the motion processing pathway of visual stimulus in the actual nervous system.     

An optical associative parallel processor for high-speed databaseprocessing. Theoretical concepts and experimental results

We have devised a novel architecture, called the Optical Content-Addressable Parallel Processor for Relational database Processing (OCAPPRP), that exploits the advantages of optics for performing word-parallel and bit-parallel equivalence and relative magnitude searches of database tables in constant time. Moreover, our experimental optoelectronic implementation of the associative processing portion of this architecture has achieved encouraging preliminary results. As the present system evolves, it will substantially exceed current database processing speeds. The proposed architecture has the potential to process approximately 10¹⁰ tuples per second. Nevertheless, with available optical switching devices such as spatial light modulators (SLMs), the proposed system clearly cannot compete with its electronic counterparts because the switching time of current optical device technology is slow. However, many improvements are being made in optical and optoelectronic device technologies. With advances in SLM technology, we can expect the proposed optical system to become a viable and cost-effective alternative for parallel and high-speed database processing     

Local determination of a moving contrast edge

This paper proposes an intensity-based method for determining the spatial orientation and observed velocity of a continuously moving edge. Space-time relations arise from the translation of a straight edge across a fixed detector array; a tesselation unit comprised of three equidistant detectors is used to exploit these relationships. The time ordering of cells within this unit can estimate edge direction and velocity. More precise edge determination is possible when intercell times are available and constant edge velocity is assumed; a sensitivity analysis examines the effect of relaxing the velocity constraint. The simulation of a translating synthetic image over an array of detectors is presented in order to demonstrate the method.     

Automatic high-resolution optoelectronic photogrammetric 3D surface geometry acquisition system

A fast, high-resolution, automatic, non-contact 3D surface geometry measuring system using a photogrammetric optoelectronic technique based on lateral-photoeffect diode detectors has been developed. Designed for the acquisition of surface geometries such as machined surfaces, biological surfaces, and deformed parts, the system can be used in design, manufacturing, inspection, and range finding. A laser beam is focused and scanned onto the surface of the object to be measured. Two cameras in stereo positions capture the reflected light from the surface at 10 kHz. Photogrammetric triangulation quickly transforms the pair of 2D signals created by the camera detectors into 3D coordinates of the light spot. Because only one small spot on the object is illuminated at a time, the stereo correspondence problem is solved in real time. The resolution is determined by a 12-bit A/D converter and can be improved up to 25 60025 600 by oversampling. The irregular 3D data can be regularized for use with image-based algorithms. Received: 8 October 1996 / Accepted: 3 February 1997     

基于四象限探测器的掩模版对准检测与控制

提出一种基于可编程控制器和四象限探测器的集成电路掩模版对准系统.该系统采用两个四象限探测器构成对准检测装置,实现对掩模版对准误差的实时检测.通过合理选择对准检测装置的安装位置与姿态,实现对准误差与掩模版运动之间的解耦.对准过程中,根据检测到的对准误差,由可编程控制器对传输机械手的位置和姿态进行调整,从而改变掩模版相对于对准检测装置的位置和姿态.对准控制采用阶梯步长逐步逼近算法,并且引入了机械手姿态调整后的补偿控制,以提高对准效率.实验结果表明,该检测与控制系统工作安全可靠,对准速度快,精度高.     

光电传感器在探测硅晶闸管扩展速度中的应用

本文论述了用红外法观测硅晶闸管瞬态导通扩展的观测原理,介绍了用光电传感器探测晶闸管扩展速度的几种方法,讨论了近红外视象管内的红外电视法观测晶闸管瞬态导通系统及其工作原理,并对晶闸管的扩展速度进行了观测,实现了利用光电传感器对电力半导体器件的无损检测。     

Modeling short-term adaptation processes of visual motion detectors

In the brain, both neural processing dynamics as well as the perceptual interpretation of a stimulus can depend on sensory history. The underlying principle is a sensory adaptation to the statistics of the input collected over some timespan, allowing the system to tune its detectors, e.g. by better sampling the input space and adjusting the response. Here, we show how a model for adaptation in visual motion processing can be set up from first principles using a generative formulation and casting the problem of adaptation in terms of optimal estimation over time. The model leads to an online adaptation of velocity tuning curves, inducing shifts in the velocity tuning and changes in the tuning curve widths that are compatible with observations from physiological experiments on macaque MT neurons. We also show how such an adaptation leads to a greater computational efficiency by a better sampling of the velocity space, requiring less motion detectors to achieve a desired level of estimation accuracy.     

光电探测器前置放大电路研究

在弱光检测中,光经过光电探测器转换为电信号,此信号极其微弱。要实现光电转换,并有效地利用这种信号,必须对光电器件采取适当偏置,然后再将已转换的电信号进行放大处理。对光电导器件、光伏型探测器、光电流型探测器的前置电路进行研究与设计。根据不同种类的探测器及探测光信号的频率特性选取不同的偏置与放大电路,使前置电路的性能达到最优。