Memory motors

A new class of permanent-magnet (PM) machines, named memory motors for their ability to change the intensity of magnetization and memorize the flux density level in rotor magnets is described in the article. A memory motor can be built either as a variable-flux or pole-changing machine. In both machine types, the magnetization of PMs can be simply varied by a short current pulse, with no need for permanent demagnetizing current as in conventional internal PM machines at flux-weakening mode. The demagnetizing current flows through stator winding(s) supplied from the same source as the stator current. Memory motors combine advantages of a wound-rotor machine (variable rotor flux) with those of a wide-speed machine (no excitation losses), resulting in a unique machine concept that has the potential to find numerous applications in electric drives.     

双凸极永磁电机故障分析与容错控制策略

电机驱动系统的可靠性问题在实际应用中得到了相关领域学者越来越广泛地关注.在对容错电机的基本结构特点进行分析的基础上,针对现有容错电机的不足,对双凸极永磁(DSPM)电机的容错性能进行了研究.DSPM电机克服了开关磁阻电机和转子永磁型容错电机的各自不足,具有可靠性高和功率密度高等优点.为提高DSPM电机缺相运行特性,提出了一种容错控制策略,建立了DSPM电机驱动系统的联合仿真模型,并将其应用于容错性能分析.仿真和实验结果表明,DSPM电机是一种新型容错电机,具有较强的带故障运行能力.本文为新型定子永磁型容错电机的研究打下了基础.     

Electromagnetic Design and Analysis of a Novel Axial-Transverse Flux Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine

This paper analyzes a novel hybrid axial-transverse flux permanent magnet (PM) synchronous motor achieving high torque density. The stator pole pitch and the rotor pole pitch are the same. The motor is suitable for vehicle traction systems. The new axial-transverse machine has a single-sided or double-sided air gap. The machine has two adjacent quasi-U stator cores with ring-type winding, and the rotor has two PM groups, one outer and one inner. The shape of quasi-U stator core allows changing the flux path without changing power supply polarity. The analytical expressions of the no-load back-EMF and the torque are derived, after the development of 3-D magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) model. The 3-D finite element method (FEM) is used to analyze the magnetic field, torque, and cogging torque for different skewings of the PMs.     

聚磁型无源转子横向磁通永磁电机电磁力及转子机械强度的分析

以两相聚磁型无源转子横向磁通永磁电机为研究对象,分析了电机的结构特点与运行原理,并给出了主要尺寸参数。建立了3D仿真模型,在不同负载条件下对电机的转子铁心进行了电磁力分析计算。将仿真得到的电磁力作为载荷施加于转子铁心上,借助应力场研究分析了转子铁心的应力分布规律及形变量大小,计算结果表明该电机转子的机械强度和结构刚度是满足要求的。     

Cogging Torque Reduction in an Axial Flux PM Machine via Stator Slot Displacement and Skewing

Cogging torque is a source of vibration and noise in permanent-magnet (PM) machines. This torque is proportional to the PM flux and the reluctance variation, and is independent of the load current. In this paper, two methods for cogging torque reduction in an axial PM machine with field weakening capability are presented. The machine's rotor configuration considers two sections: one PM pole that provides the field excitation and one iron section in charge of providing low d-axis reluctance. Significant reduction of the cogging effects is achieved by adjusting stator geometry and rotor pole configuration. Three-dimensional finite-element analysis is used to demonstrate these improvements. Conclusions and design recommendations are presented for a 5-kW eight-pole PM machine prototype under construction     

双边永磁励磁游标电机运行原理及电磁特性仿真研究

为了进一步提高电机的功率密度和转矩密度,以满足直驱系统低速、大转矩的运行工况,提出一种新型双边永磁励磁游标(DPMEV)电机。该电机定子和转子上均放置有永磁体,利用定、转子齿对气隙磁导的双向调制作用,将两组永磁体产生的永磁磁场调制成少极数、高转速的有效谐波磁场,并根据有效谐波磁场设计电枢绕组,从而使定、转子上两组永磁体同时与电枢绕组耦合。介绍了DPMEV电机的拓扑结构。基于等效磁路法,对该电机的气隙磁通密度进行了分析,表明该电机可利用气隙磁导的双向调制作用,实现电机功率密度和转矩密度的有效提高。在深入分析电机工作原理的基础上,通过有限元法对DPMEV电机进行了计算和分析,验证了该电机具有适用于直驱系统的高功率密度和高转矩密度特性。     

横向磁场开关磁阻电机永磁屏蔽技术研究

首先阐述了横向磁场开关磁阻电机转矩提升原理，着重分析了漏磁通产生原因以及对电机性能产生的影响，在此基础上研究了一种具有双边永磁屏蔽外转子低速横向磁场开关磁阻电机，介绍了样机的结构特点，并采用三维等效磁网络法对样机进行了磁场计算，研究表明利用装设在定、转子极间的永磁体能有效屏蔽漏磁通，增加磁通变化率，提高输出转矩。样机的计算结果和试验结果基本吻合。     

电动汽车用双层永磁体IPMSM优化分析

提出一种电动汽车用双层永磁体内置式永磁同步电机(interior permanent magnet synchronous machine,IPMSM),分析其基本电磁关系,进行优化分析。采用有限元分析软件建立电机结构模型,分析单边气隙长度不同时气隙磁密及谐波畸变率变化规律;研究了不同定子槽口宽度下电机齿槽转矩的变化趋势;通过改变第二层永磁体两侧隔磁桥间距Rib及第一层永磁体中间隔磁桥与转轴距离O2,获得电机输出转矩与转矩纹波的变化规律;分析双层永磁体尺寸变化时的电机效率,得到最优永磁体尺寸参数。样机试验表明:实测值与仿真值基本吻合,验证了样机设计的合理性。     

混合励磁轴向磁场磁通切换型永磁电机特性分析与试验研究

提出了一种适用于电动汽车驱动系统的E型铁心混合励磁轴向磁场磁通切换型永磁(HEAFFSPM)电机。以一台三相6/10极电机为例,基于三维有限元方法全面研究该电机静态特性,包括气隙磁密、空载永磁磁链、空载反电动势、电磁转矩、转矩-电流特性、绕组电感和磁场调节能力等;研究转子齿扇形角度和转子斜极对电机反电动势和齿槽转矩的影响,分析表明转子齿扇形和转子斜极可以改善反电动势和齿槽转矩波形。制造了一台2 k W样机并对其进行测试,验证了有限元分析结果的准确性,结果表明HEAFFSPM电机的磁链和反电动势均为正弦分布,带载能力和磁场调节能力均较强。     

Effects of Winding Attachment Positions on Output Characteristics of Flux‐Modulating Synchronous Machines

The flux‐modulating synchronous machine (FMSM) is a new type of multipole SM with nonoverlapping concentrated armature and field windings on the stator. This paper compares the output characteristics of two FMSMs through finite element analysis (FEA) and experiments. In both of the FMSMs, the attachment positions of the armature and field windings are swapped. To determine the reason for the discrepancies in their output characteristics, unsaturated inductances were calculated using a d‐‐q equivalent circuit. In addition, the calculated results of the inductances were confirmed through a visualization of the leakage fluxes using FEA. The results of the study show that the synchronous inductance can be reduced by attaching the armature winding to the air‐gap side of the stator teeth and that the reduction leads to an increase in output power.     

一种新型聚磁式横向磁场永磁电机研究

首先分析了横向磁场电机实现转矩提升的基本原理 ,并在总结各种横向磁场电机拓扑结构特点的基础上 ,设计了一种新型组合定子双边聚磁式横向磁场永磁电机。介绍了样机的结构特点 ,采用三维等效磁网络法进行了样机磁场分析 ,并给出了样机气隙磁密的三维分布图以及电磁转矩计算结果等 ,样机试验与计算结果基本吻合。     

高频轴向磁通永磁电机永磁体涡流损耗三维解析模型

针对现有二维解析模型在计算轴向磁通永磁电机永磁体涡流损耗存在精度不足的问题,该文提出一种能够精确计算该类电机永磁体涡流损耗的新型三维解析模型。该模型利用精确子域法和电阻网络模型,能够同时考虑定子开槽、定子谐波电流、涡流反作用和涡流三维分布的影响。利用有限元法验证了精确子域模型计算得到的空载和电枢磁场分布,并在理想空载下,验证了解析模型永磁体表面涡流密度和永磁体涡流损耗值,分析电机在高频运行下涡流反作用对永磁体涡流损耗的影响。最后,对1台7kW、4000rpm的轴向磁通永磁电机进行空载脉宽调制(pulsewidthmodulated,PWM)电压供电实验和空载正弦波电压供电实验,得到因PWM谐波电流引起的永磁体涡流损耗,将实验结果,有限元结果与解析结果作对比,验证了该解析模型的正确性。     

Influence of magnet shaping on cogging torque of surface‐mounted PM machines

In the presented work, influence of magnet shaping on cogging torque of surface‐mounted Permanent Magnet (PM) machines is investigated. The considered PM shape for the magnet shaping is the loaf‐shape PM with off‐set arcs. For the first time, based on the solution of the Poissons's equation, an analytical model is provided to predict the magnetic flux density of the slotted‐armature and surface‐mounted PM machines with the loaf‐shape PM. The influence of the slotted armature on the magnetic flux density is taken into account by considering the slot virtual surface currents. The geometry of the loaf‐shape PM is formulated and optimized to reach a design with a low value of the cogging torque. The machine cogging torque is computed by the Maxwell stress tensor. The obtained analytical model is used as the computational tool to find the dependence of the machine cogging torque on the PM geometry. Finally, the validity of the obtained results is verified by finite element analysis. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

永磁外转子爪极发电机的漏磁计算

针对具有特殊结构的永磁外转子爪极发电机复杂的漏磁计算问题,在对电机的结构、材料、特点以及运行机理进行分析的基础上,首先采用常规的磁路分析方法,建立了电机的等效磁路模型,推导出各部分的漏磁阻及漏磁通计算公式并进行了相应的分析;然后利用有限元分析方法建立了电机的三维电磁场分析仿真模型,并对电机的各部分漏磁进一步加以分析计算;最后对磁路和有限元两种方法的计算结果加以对比研究,用相对准确的有限元计算结果来修正磁路计算法中磁阻公式的系数;达到了运用简单磁路公式快速准确分析该种复杂结构电机漏磁的目的。     

高速永磁电机转子设计与强度分析

文中介绍了高速永磁电机的设计特点，重点论述了永磁材料和转子结构型式的选取、主要尺寸的确定与转子强度的分析和计算方法。目前永磁电机多采用烧结钕铁硼永磁材料，其抗压强度较大而抗拉强度很小，永磁体难以承受转子高速旋转巨大离心力产生的拉应力，必须在永磁体外设置高强度非导磁防护套，采用过盈配合给永磁体施加一定的预压力。文中介绍了采用解析法和数值分析有限元法进行高速永磁电机转子强度分析的实用技术，并给出了对一台额定转速为60000r／min的高速电机永磁转子强度的分析计算结果。     

Permanent magnet synchronous machines with concentrated coil armature windings: analysis and test validation of Single Stator–Double Rotor,axial flux machines

Some design and operation aspects of axial flux permanent magnet synchronous machines, employing armature windings with concentrated coils wound around the stator teeth, are presented. The e.m.f. control is based on the variation of the windings flux linkage, obtained by modifying the stator (or rotor) configuration. Thanks to the high number of poles and the excellent waveform quality, even with deep field weakening, these machines exhibit a satisfactory operation at low speed, both as generators and motors. In the paper, the main constructive machine features are discussed, together with some design and FEM results. A test on a prototype has also been carried out.     

Design and performance analysis of a 700‐kW wound‐rotor BDFIG for ship shaft generator application

In this paper, a 700‐kW brushless doubly fed induction generator (BDFIG) is designed for stand‐alone ship shaft generator application. Based on the principle of tooth harmonics and sinusoidal winding structure, a multi‐pitch unequal‐turn‐coil wound rotor is adopted to reduce harmonic contents and couple the two stator windings effectively. The performance analyses of a prototype BDFIG with two/four pole pairs are presented. The magnetic fields, air‐gap flux densities, and current densities with full load at different shaft speeds of the prototype machine are investigated. Simulation analysis and experimental tests verify that the output capability and the efficiency of the prototype machine could meet the design requirements of a 700‐kW generator and that the wound rotor structure is suitable for high‐power brushless doubly fed machines. © 2015 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

外永磁转子横向磁通爪极电机研究

为了解决外永磁转子爪极电机漏磁较为严重的问题,提出了一种新型结构的外永磁转子横向磁通爪极电机。在对该种电机的结构、特点、材料以及运行机理分析的基础上,首先采用常规的等效磁路分析方法,建立了该种电机的等效磁路模型,并推导出各部分的磁阻和电抗的计算公式;然后利用有限元分析软件,建立了该种电机三维电磁场分析的仿真模型,并对电机内部磁场分布加以分析研究,且计算得到了电机的空载漏磁系数;最后给出了该种电机的气隙磁密及空载电动势波形。结果表明该新型结构电机具有良好的特性,也为该种电机的深入研究奠定了技术基础。     

外永磁转子爪极电机磁路模型的建立与参数计算

外永磁转子爪极电机是近年来出现的一种新型结构电机,在节能调速和汽车电气系统中具有很好的应用前景。本文在对该种电机的结构特点以及运行机理进行综合分析的基础上,详细分析了电机复杂的主磁通及漏磁通情况,并建立了其简化的等效磁路模型。之后根据电机的结构特点推导出了磁路模型中磁阻和电机电抗参数的解析计算公式,并通过磁路模型得到了该种电机的反电动势计算式。为了验证磁路模型的正确性,本文研制的实验样机的实验结果与磁路模型计算值的一致性表明了理论工作的正确性和可行性。该研究工作为该种新型结构电机的深入研究打下了技术基础。     

Computation of Saturated Permanent-Magnet AC Motor Performance by Means of Magnetic Circuits

A digital computer evaluation of transient states in a permanent-magnet (PM) machine by means of the flux tubes method is described. The influence of initial rotor phaseshift on transient torque peaks, as well as the influence of saturation on current waveforms, is shown. Several computer runs are carried out to illustrate the applicability of the flux tubes method for computation of PM machine performance.