固体超强酸催化合成氯乙酸异辛酯

以稀土固体超强酸(SO4^2-／TiO2／La^3 )为催化剂，氯乙酸与异辛醇为原料合成氯乙酸异辛酯，系统地研究了原料量比、催化剂用量、反应时间诸因素对产品收率的影响。实验结果表明：SO4^2-／TiO2／La^3 是合成氯乙酸异辛酯的良好催化剂，在n(异辛醇)／(氯乙酸)=1．3：1，催化剂的用量为酸质量的3．0％，环己烷的用量为反应物总摩尔数的10％，反应时间为3．0h，氯乙酸异辛酯的收率达到89．2％。     

杂多酸催化合成己二酸二辛酯的研究

对杂多酸和固载型催化剂催化己二酸和正辛醇反应合成己二酸酸二辛酯进行了研究，探讨了催化剂用量，酸醇摩尔比，反应时间等因素对反应结果的影响。在酸醇的摩尔比为l：2．4，催化剂的用量为己二酸质量的1．4％，反应时间为3．5h的条件下，己二酸二辛酯的酯化率可达99．1％。固载型杂多酸催化剂可多次使用而活性没有明显下降。     

没食子酸酯合成方法改进及其抗血小板聚集作用

没食子酸乙酯、丙酯、丁酯及十二烷醇酯的合成,用对甲苯磺酸替代浓硫酸作催化剂,采用梯度升温法进行合成。乙酯和丙酯的合成还摒弃了带水剂。最佳的合成条件为：丙酯和乙酯：酸、醇、催化剂的摩尔比为０．０８２５∶０．９３４∶０．００５２４,反应温度为１２０℃,反应时间４ｈ,收率９４２％和８５４％。丁酯：酸、醇、催化剂的摩尔比为０．０５２２∶０．８７４∶０．００３９４,反应温度为１１５～１２０℃,反应时间５ｈ,收率８６８％。十二烷醇酯：以１,４ 二氧六环作溶剂,４Ａ分子筛作吸水剂,酸、醇、催化剂的摩尔比为０．０７５∶０．０９１∶０．０１２,反应温度为１２４℃,反应时间为１４ｈ,收率９３７％。异丙酯：采用干燥氯化氢作催化剂,没食子酸与异丙醇的摩尔比为０１４７∶１３７,加热回流８ｈ,收率８８１％。十二烷醇酯的抗血小板聚集性能最好。     

Fe2（SO4）3／K2S2O8催化合成丙酸正丁酯的研究

以Fe2(SO4)3和K2S2O8为复配催化剂，对丙酸和正丁醇为原料合成丙酸正丁酯的反应进行了研究，探讨了催化剂用量，醇酸化，反应时间等对酯产率的影响。结果表明：在正丁醇用量为0.125mol的情况下，以苯为带水剂，Fe2(SO4)3和K2S2O8为催化剂，催化剂用量为1．4g，醇酸摩尔比为1：2，反应时间为1．5h，常压下，收集140－145.5℃的馏分，酯产率达98.5%。     

3,4,5-三羟基苯甲酸丙酯的合成

3，4，5-三羟基苯甲酸丙酯，俗名称没食子酸丙酯，本文以固体超强酸SO4^2-／TiO2为催化剂合成没食子酸丙酯，研究了催化剂在没食子酸与正丙醇反应中的催化活性，考察了焙烧温度对催化剂性能的影响以及酸醇物质的量比对酯收率的影响。实验结果表明：焙烧温度在500℃的条件下，制得的催化剂活性最高；没食子酸：正丙醇的物质的量比为1：15，1．8g固体超强酸SO4^2-／TiO2，在120℃下，反应时间2．5h。收率达96．3％。     

固体超强酸SO^2-／SnO2-SiO2催化合成柠檬酸异辛酯

首次以固体超强酸SO^2-／SnO2-SiO2为催化剂合成柠檬酸异辛酯，考察了合成柠檬酸异辛酯所用固体超强酸SO^2-／SnO2-SiO2的最佳制备条件：n（Sn）：n（Si）=1：1，浸渍液H2S04为3mol／L，浸渍时间为Ih，在550℃下焙烧3h，并通过XRD、FT-IR等方法对其进行表征；此外还考察了摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间及催化剂重复使用对酯化反应的影响。结果表明，酯化反应的最佳条件为：酸醇摩尔比为1：5，催化剂用量为反应物总质量的1．2％。反应时间为20min，反应微波辐射功率为680．W，此条件下酯收率可达99．5％。     

固体超强酸SO4^2-／Fe2O3催化合成甲酸异戊酯

利用自制的固体超强酸SO4^2-／Fe2O3代替浓硫酸做催化剂，将甲酸和异戊醇合成了甲酸异戊酯。讨论了诸因素对产率的影响。实验表明，此固体超强酸不仅能减少对生产设备的腐蚀，而且具有很好的催化活性。合成反应的最优化条件为：醇酸摩尔比为1．6：1，催化剂用量为1．5g，反应时间2．0h，酯收率可达89．4％。     

SO42-/TiO2催化合成乙酸环己酯

以固体超强酸SO4^2-／TiO2催化乙酸和环乙醇合成了乙酸环己酯。实验确定最佳反应条件为n（乙酸）：n（环己醇）：1．0：1．2，SO4^2-／TiO2用量为乙酸质量的10％，反应时间90min，酯化率达92．3％，并与其它催化剂作了比较，结果表明，以SO4^2-／TiO2为催化剂，具有催化剂量少、重复使用效果好、反应时间短、酯收率高、方法简单等优点。     

复合型过渡金属盐催化合成乙酸环己酯

以乙酸和环已醇为原料,复合型过渡金属盐为酯化催化剂合成乙酸环已酯。结果表明:在催化剂为CuSO4／Fe2(SO4)3且两者的质量比为1:1,乙酸与环己醇的摩尔比为1:1．1,催化剂用量为反应物总质量的2．5％,反应时间为150min,反应温度为110℃,带水剂己烷为15mL时,乙酸环己酯的产率可以达到94．49％。     

邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯合成中的催化剂研究

以邻苯二甲酸酐和异辛醇为原料，分别选用对甲苯磺酸、硫酸、磷酸、磷钨酸、SO4^2-／TiO2—A1203等催化剂，合成邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯(简称DOP)，得出DOP合成的最佳催化剂为对甲基苯磺酸。最佳反应条件：原料邻苯二甲酸酐与异辛醇的摩尔比为1：2．2，反应温度130℃，反应时间2．5h，催化剂用量为总量的1．0（W），用环己烷作带水剂，邻苯二甲酸酐的转化率96％（W），产品酯含量98％（W），并研究了具有上述相同功能基的高分子催化剂，含磺酸基的高分子和负载三氯化铝的含磺酸基的高分子，邻苯二甲酸酐酯化转化率达80%（W），产品酯含量98％（W）。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.