Y2O3-Bi2O3催化剂制备及其可见光催化降解2,4-二氯苯酚的研究

采用高温固相法合成一系列不同质量比的Y2O3-Bi2O3复合可见光复合催化剂,在日光色镝灯照射下,以2,4-二氯苯酚的可见光催化降解为目标反应,研究了Bi/Y质量比及焙烧温度对Y2O3-Bi2O3复合催化剂的结构及活性的影响.结果表明,复合光催化剂Y2O3-Bi2O3的最佳焙烧温度1023 K,焙烧时间2.5 h,最佳...     

Al_2O_3负载TiO_2光催化氧化剂的制备与性能试验

以钛酸四丁酯为钛源、Al2O3为载体,采用浸渍法制备了一系列TiO2/Al2O3复合氧化物光催化剂。以光催化降解甲醛为探针反应,考察了催化剂的光催化活性。并采用XRD、SEM技术对催化剂进行了表征。考察了催化剂的焙烧温度、钛含量、反应温度等因素对甲醛光催化降解率的影响。结果表明:400℃是制备TiO2/Al2O3光催化剂的最佳焙烧温度;在TiO2负载质量为5.0%的复合氧化物光催化剂催化效果最好,甲醛的降解率达到58.4%。随着反应温度的升高,复合氧化物光催化剂的催化性能下降,由25℃时的58.4%的甲醛降解率下降到50℃时的4.8%。     

新型可见光活性In_2O_3-CaIn_2O_4复合光催化剂的制备及性能

通过化学共沉淀法原位合成了新型可见光活性的In2O3-CaIn2O4复合光催化剂.采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、电子能谱及紫外-可见漫反射光谱(diffuse reflectance spectroscopy,DRS)等测试手段对复合光催化剂进行了表征.以可见光(波长λ>400nm)为光源,甲基橙染料为目标降解物,考察了In2O3-CaIn2O4样品的光催化活性.结果表明:通过控制合成温度可得到不同In2O3和CaIn2O4相对含量的In2O3-CaIn2O4复合光催化剂,晶粒形貌呈立方体或长方体,粒径随合成温度升高而增加.DRS结果表明:复合光催化剂在可见光区具有良好的吸收性能.In2O3-CaIn2O4复合光催化剂具有良好的可见光催化活性;15b后,甲基橙的降解率达到了97%.这种新型复合光催化剂的可见光催化活性提高的原因,可能是由于催化剂中复合半导体结构的光生载流子高效分离造成的.     

铈掺杂纳米二氧化钛可见光光催化降解苯酚性能

采用Ce（NO3）3掺杂改性后的纳米TiO2粉末作为光催化剂（Ce-TiO2）,研究了Ce-TiO2在可见光条件下光催化降解苯酚的过程,考察了Ce掺杂量、焙烧温度、焙烧时间、pH值以及催化剂用量等因素对苯酚溶液光催化降解过程的影响。结果表明：可见光照射下,当Ce掺杂量为1.00%、焙烧温度为700℃、焙烧时间为3 h、反应溶液pH值为5、催化剂投加量为1.0 g/L时,苯酚的去除率达到最佳,为35.8%。     

镧掺杂纳米二氧化钛的可见光光催化性能研究

采用经La2O3掺杂后的纳米TiO2粉末作为光催化剂,以300 W卤钨灯作为可见光光源,对水中的苯酚进行光催化降解,考察了La2O3不同的掺杂量、焙烧温度、pH值以及催化剂用量等因素对降解率的影响。实验结果表明:在光照射3 h后,纳米TiO2粉末在La掺杂量为0.5%,焙烧温度为600℃,pH为5,催化剂用量为1 g/L时的光催化活性最高,苯酚的TOC去除率为42.7%。     

Bi2O3-ZnO可见光光催化降解亚甲基兰

采用沉淀与焙烧制备Bi2O3-ZnO催化剂,发现Bi2O3-ZnO的吸收边位置红移到620 nm可见光区,证实了该催化剂在可见光光照下具有优异光催化降解MB性能,最终可将MB矿化为无机离子CO32-,SO42-和NO3-.     

制备条件对N-TiO2/累托石光催化剂的性能影响

高效的可见光响应型光催化剂一直是光催化领域的研究热点。本文采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了氮掺杂TiO2累托石复合光催化剂,复合催化剂显示良好的可见光催化性能。结合催化剂的可见光催化性能,分析了一系列制备条件对催化剂光催化性能的影响。当N∶Ti比为1∶4时,Ti/累托石为15mmol/g,恒流蠕动泵转速3rpm,离心水洗后pH值2.0~2.5,400℃下焙烧的样品显示较好的可见光催化效果。     

TiO2光催化剂处理再生造纸废水的研究

以TiO2为催化剂,用光催化氧化法处理再生造纸废水.讨论了不同实验条件如焙烧温度、焙烧时间、催化剂用量、H2O2用量、光照时间及废水pH值等对废水COD去除率的影响.结果表明:在焙烧温度为500 ℃,焙烧时间2 h,pH=8.0,TiO2用量为2.0 g/L,H2O2量(体积分数)0.6 %,光照时间4 h的条件下,废水COD的去除率可达90 %.     

联吡啶铁树脂相可见光光催化剂降解甲基紫性能的研究

采用将氮配位的联吡啶铁键合到商品树脂上的方法,制备联吡啶铁树脂相可见光仿生光催化剂。以太阳光作光源,以甲基紫溶液的脱色为模型反应,研究联吡啶铁树脂相可见光光催化剂的光催化脱色性能,考察了pH值、温度、光照、H2O2用量、催化剂投加量等因素对降解率的影响。     

掺氮TiO2光催化剂制备与性能研究

采用浸渍法制备了掺氮TiO2光催化剂,并以苯酚为降解对象,对其可见光活性进行评估.利用XRD、UV～Vis等手段对催化剂进行表征,考查了浸渍时间和热处理温度对催化剂结构和可见光活性的影响.结果表明,浸渍时间为8h,煅烧温度为500℃时,可见光活性最大,对苯酚的降解率最大,在光照4h后对苯酚的降解率达到40.12%.     

The preparation of titania nanotubes and its application in flexible dye-sensitized solar cells

Anatase titania nanotube (TNT) is prepared by two-steps hydrothermal growth method. Using the TNTs and titania particles (P25), a highly stable and uniform titania colloid without any sedimentation in 180 days is prepared by hydrothermal treatment. Based on the titania colloid, a flexible dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is fabricated at low temperature. The influence of preparation conditions on the properties of TNTs and titania colloid is discussed by transmitting electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction, X-ray diffraction, UV-vis absorption spectra, and Brunauer-Emmet-Teller surface area measurements. Under an optimized condition, a flexible DSSC with light-to-electric energy conversion efficiency of 4.0% is achieved under a simulated solar light irradiation of 100 mW cm⁻² (AM 1.5).     

Zn/Cr水滑石吸附-可见光催化水中有机污染物

通过共沉淀法合成可循环使用的阴离子粘土材料锌铬水滑石(Zn/Cr LDHs),并借助X射线衍射(XRD),N2吸附-脱附曲线,扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和紫外-可见光漫反射光谱(DRS)等对其进行表征分析。以刚果红为模型污染物,研究了Zn/Cr LDHs去除有机污染物的吸附-可见光光催化活性。通过等温吸附试验,得到Langmuir等温线,其饱和吸附量为426.29 mg/g。Zn/Cr LDHs在氙灯模拟太阳光照射下,每次试验180 min,第5次后脱色率仍高达96.35%,具有良好的可循环使用性。刚果红吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型,吸附过程符合拟二级动力学模型,内扩散为主要控速步骤,吸附过程是自发的放热过程,低温有利于吸附的进行。     

掺P25水热法制备纳晶多孔TiO_2薄膜电极

以水热法为基础,向其溶胶中掺入适量的P25(二氧化钛粉体),来制备纳晶TiO_2胶体,以纳晶TiO_2为电子传输体组装染料敏化太阳能电池.通过XRD、SEM、UV-vis和电池的光电性能测试,来分析掺入P25对染料敏化太阳能电池性能的影响.结果表明,加入适量P25([P25]/[Ti]=0.2)后,染料敏化太阳能电池性能达到最佳值,在100 mW/cm~2光照条件下,光电转换效率达到5.4%.     

光敏性多元核-壳微球絮凝剂的制备

以Stöber法制备的单分散SiO2为核,采用溶胶-凝胶、界面沉积和表面活性剂模板法制备了多元核-壳结构微球SiO2@TiO2-Ag@SiO2,利用FT-IR、SEM、XRD、UV-Vis DRS、N2吸附-脱附、XPS对其结构和形貌进行了表征。结果显示：微球平均孔径、比表面积分别为2 nm、72.73 m2/g;受最外层SiO2影响,XRD未观察到锐钛矿相TiO2的特征衍射峰;紫外-可见漫反射光谱证实SiO2@TiO2-Ag@SiO2在365 nm处有吸收。在模拟太阳光照射下100 min,SiO2@TiO2-Ag@SiO2微球对亚甲基蓝(MB) 的光催化脱色率为97.6％;自然光下,对甲基橙溶液(MO)的絮凝沉淀时间为40 min,脱色率达99.7％。     

Carbon-modified TiO2 for photocatalysis

ABSTRACT: Here we present a method to produce TiO2 nanocrystals coated by thin layer of graphitic carbon. The coating process was prepared via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) with acetylene used as a carbon feedstock with TiO2 used as a substrate. Different temperatures (400°C and 500°C) and times (10, 20, and 60 s) of reaction were explored. The prepared nanocomposites were investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy/diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and ultraviolet-vis (UV-vis)/diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Furthermore, photocatalytic activity of the materials was investigated under visible and UV-vis light irradiation in the process of phenol decomposition. It was found that TiO2 modification with carbon resulted in a significant increase of photoactivity under visible irradiation and decrease under UV-vis light irradiation. Interestingly, a shorter CVD time and higher process temperature resulted in the preparation of the samples exhibiting higher activity in the photocatalytic process under visible light irradiation.     

Using hybrid silica-conjugated TiO2 nanostructures to enhance the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells

In this study, hybrid silica-conjugated TiO₂ photoelectrodes were developed in order to enhance the efficiency of a dye-sensitized solar cell. The relative changes in surface crystallite size and chemical surface states of TiO₂ composites were investigated by XRD, XPS, and UV-vis spectroscopy. Therein, the chemical compositions of the nanostructured photoelectrode surfaces were observed to significantly change when the glass powder Si atoms became chemically bonded with the Ti atoms on the photoelectrode surface without appreciable changes to the crystalline structure of TiO₂. Furthermore, a significant conversion of Si-O_x into Si-O at the surface of the photoelectrode was observed following the addition of glass powder, which confirms the covalent bonding of Si and Ti atoms into Ti-O-Si. A maximum cell efficiency (η from 5.8% to 8.5%) was observed when 2 wt% of the low-temperature glass powder was added to the TiO₂ with a constant amount of dye loading. This observed peak in solar cell efficiently is most likely due to an increase in light harvesting, which is a result of an enhancement of light scattering and the coordination between Ti and Si to establish a Ti-O-Si bond.     

Enhanced electrochemical performance of the counterelectrode of dye sensitized solar cells by sandblasting

Counterelectrode plays an important role in dye sensitized solar cells. It helps the regeneration of the redox couples in electrolyte and makes the cell a complete circuit. In order to improve the electrochemical performance of counterelectrode, a strategy of sandblasting has been utilized to pre-treat the surface of glass substrate. Counterelectrodes were fabricated by sputtering Pt/Ti bilayers films onto the treated substrates. Morphological, electrical, electrochemical and optical properties of the counterelectrode were characterized by scanning electronic microscopy, four-probe measurement, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and UV-vis reflection spectroscopy, respectively. Effect of the treatment on these properties was evaluated. It was found that counterelectrode made from sandblasted substrates showed increased roughness of surface and sheet resistance, along with the enhanced catalysis efficiency and improved light scattering. The enhanced catalysis efficiency toward reduction of tri-iodide was found to be due to smaller Pt crystallite grown on the sandblasted substrate, since the electrochemical active surface area changed little. And scattering was caused by increased roughness of the substrate. Typical solar cells were assembled with the counterelectrode made of the sandblasted substrates. Effect of the treatment on current-voltage curves and performance parameters of the solar cells was checked and discussed.     

Room-temperature synthesis of Zn(0.80)Cd(0.20)S solid solution with a high visible-light photocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution

Visible light photocatalytic H(2) production from water splitting is of great significance for its potential applications in converting solar energy into chemical energy. In this study, a series of Zn(1-x)Cd(x)S solid solutions with a nanoporous structure were successfully synthesized via a facile template-free method at room temperature. The obtained solid solutions were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and N(2) adsorption-desorption analysis. The solid solutions show efficient photocatalytic activity for H(2) evolution from aqueous solutions containing sacrificial reagents S(2-) and SO(3)(2-) under visible-light irradiation without a Pt cocatalyst, and loading of the Pt cocatalyst further improves the visible-light photocatalytic activity. The optimal photocatalyst with x = 0.20 prepared at pH = 7.3 displays the highest activity for H(2) evolution. The bare and 0.25 wt% Pt loaded Zn(0.80)Cd(0.20)S nanoparticles exhibit a high H(2) evolution rate of 193 μmol h(-1) and 458 μmol h(-1) under visible-light irradiation (λ ≥ 420 nm), respectively. In addition, the bare and 0.25 wt% Pt loaded Zn(0.80)Cd(0.20)S catalysts show a high H(2) evolution rate of 252 and 640 μmol h(-1) under simulated solar light irradiation, respectively. Moreover, the Zn(0.80)Cd(0.20)S catalyst displays a high photocatalytic stability for H(2) evolution under long-term light irradiation. The incorporation of Cd in the solid solution leads to the visible light absorption, and the high content of Zn in the solid solution results in a relatively negative conduction band, a modulated band gap and a rather wide valence bandwidth, which are responsible for the excellent photocatalytic performance of H(2) production and for the high photostability.     

Perylene derivative sensitized multi-walled carbon nanotube thin film

Perylene-sensitized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (PV-MWNT) have been prepared by a π-stacking between nanotubes and perylene derivatives, N,N′-diphenyl glyoxaline-3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic acid diacidamide (PV). The resultant nanocomposites have been characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), UV-vis absorption, photoluminescence (PL) and photocurrent spectra. Long range ordering can be observed in the form of PV-MWNT via π-stacking by TEM. Red-shift in the optical spectra consisting of the UV-vis absorption and PL spectra with the attraction of PV on the surface of the MWNTs were observed. The evident quenching in PL spectra of PV-MWNT was ascribed to the absorption and transfer of recombination energy by MWNT. Photosensitivity spectra demonstrated an increasing photocurrent in the ultraviolet region and a broadening photosensitivity in the red spectral region for solar cells based on PV-MWNT.     

A facile solid-state heating method for preparation of poly(3,4-ethelenedioxythiophene)/ZnO nanocomposite and photocatalytic activity

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/zinc oxide (PEDOT/ZnO) nanocomposites were prepared by a simple solid-state heating method, in which the content of ZnO was varied from 10 to 20 wt%. The structure and morphology of the composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The photocatalytic activities of the composites were investigated by the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye in aqueous medium under UV light and natural sunlight irradiation. The FTIR, UV-vis, and XRD results showed that the composites were successfully synthesized, and there was a strong interaction between PEDOT and nano-ZnO. The TEM results suggested that the composites were a mixture of shale-like PEDOT and less aggregated nano-ZnO. The photocatalytic activity results indicated that the incorporation of ZnO nanoparticles in composites can enhance the photocatalytic efficiency of the composites under both UV light and natural sunlight irradiation, and the highest photocatalytic efficiency under UV light (98.7%) and natural sunlight (96.6%) after 5 h occurred in the PEDOT/15wt%ZnO nanocomposite.