氮对直拉硅片中氧沉淀分布的影响

研究了氮在退火过程中对直拉硅片中的氧沉淀分布的影响.实验结果表明,三步退火后在掺氮硅片截面形成特殊的M形的氧沉淀密度分布,即表面形成没有氧沉淀的洁净区(DZ),体内靠近DZ区域形成高密度、小尺寸的氧沉淀,而在硅片的中心处形成低密度、大尺寸的氧沉淀.分析认为,由于在第一步高温退火过程中氮在硅片表面外扩散,同时在硅片体内促进氧沉淀,改变了间隙氧的分布,从而导致在随后的热处理过程中氧沉淀的特殊分布行为.     

快速退火气氛对300mm CZ硅片吸杂效应和表面微观结构的影响

研究了N2和N2/NH3混合气两种不同气氛快速退火处理硅片对洁净区和氧沉淀分布的影响.研究发现:N2/NH3混合气氛处理的硅片在后序热处理中表层形成很薄的洁净区同时体内形成高密度的氧沉淀;而N2气氛处理的硅片的沽净区较厚、氧沉淀密度较低.但是两种气氛下延长恒温时间都可以降低洁净区厚度,增加氧沉淀密度.X射线光电子能谱和原子力显微镜扫描的结果显示N2/NH3混合气氛处理使表面出现了强烈的氮化反应,利用氮化反应町以解释快速退火气氛对洁净区分布的影响.     

快速退火气氛对300mm CZ硅片吸杂效应和表面微观结构的影响

研究了N2和N2/NH3混合气两种不同气氛快速退火处理硅片对洁净区和氧沉淀分布的影响.研究发现:N2/NH3混合气氛处理的硅片在后序热处理中表层形成很薄的洁净区同时体内形成高密度的氧沉淀;而N2气氛处理的硅片的沽净区较厚、氧沉淀密度较低.但是两种气氛下延长恒温时间都可以降低洁净区厚度,增加氧沉淀密度.X射线光电子能谱和原子力显微镜扫描的结果显示N2/NH3混合气氛处理使表面出现了强烈的氮化反应,利用氮化反应町以解释快速退火气氛对洁净区分布的影响.     

p型硅片表面氧化雾缺陷的吸除

利用快中子辐照在p型硅片中产生辐照缺陷,利用其作为热处理时硅中氧沉淀的成核中心,在硅片表面层形成洁净区和在体内形成吸杂区,能有效地抑制硅片表面氧化雾缺陷的形成.提出了较为实用的退火工艺和简单的解释.     

p型硅片表面氧化雾缺陷的吸除

利用快中子辐照在ｐ型硅片中产生辐照缺陷，利用其作为热处理时硅中氧沉淀的成核中心，在硅片表面层形成洁净区和在体内形成吸杂区，能有效地抑制硅片表面氧化雾缺陷的形成。提出了较为实用的退火工艺和简单的解释。     

大直径直拉硅中氮对原生氧沉淀的影响

研究了在大直径直拉硅单晶中掺氮 (N )对原生氧沉淀的影响 .通过高温一步退火 (10 5 0℃ )和低 -高温两步退火 (80 0℃ +10 5 0℃ )发现在掺 N直拉 (NCZ)硅中氧沉淀的行为与一般直拉 (CZ)硅是大不相同的 ,经过高温一步退火后 ,在氧化诱生层错环 (OSF- ring)区氧沉淀的量要小于空洞型缺陷 (voids)区 ,而经过低 -高温两步退火后 ,OSF-ring区的氧沉淀量要远远大于 voids区 .由此可得 ,在晶体生长过程中 ,N通过改变硅晶体中空位的浓度及其分布从而改变原生氧沉淀的尺寸和分布 .并在此基础上讨论了在大直径 NCZ硅中掺 N影响原生氧沉淀的机理 .     

大直径直拉硅中氮对原生氧沉淀的影响

研究了在大直径直拉硅单晶中掺氮(N)对原生氧沉淀的影响.通过高温一步退火(1050℃)和低-高温两步退火(800℃+1050℃)发现在掺N直拉(NCZ)硅中氧沉淀的行为与一般直拉(CZ)硅是大不相同的,经过高温一步退火后,在氧化诱生层错环(OSF-ring)区氧沉淀的量要小于空洞型缺陷(voids)区,而经过低-高温两步退火后,OSF-ring区的氧沉淀量要远远大于voids区.由此可得,在晶体生长过程中,N通过改变硅晶体中空位的浓度及其分布从而改变原生氧沉淀的尺寸和分布.并在此基础上讨论了在大直径NCZ硅中掺N影响原生氧沉淀的机理.     

区熔硅近表面洁净区和体内微缺陷的形成

中子辐照区熔 (氢 )硅片经退火后在近表面形成洁净区 ,在硅片内部形成体内微缺陷 .微缺陷的形成与中子辐照造成的损伤及单晶硅内氢杂质的催化加速有关 ,还与后续退火条件有关 .第一步退火的温度对微缺陷的尺度有很大的影响 ,中低温要比高温所形成的微缺陷小 .在退火过程中微缺陷有一个生长过程 ,110 0℃退火 2 h微缺陷已达最大 .硅片表面的粗糙度影响表面洁净区的形成 ,洁净区出现在未抛光面 ,双面抛光硅片不会形成表面洁净区.     

区熔硅近表面洁净区和体内微缺陷的形成

中子辐照区熔(氢)硅片经退火后在近表面形成洁净区,在硅片内部形成体内微缺陷.微缺陷的形成与中子辐照造成的损伤及单晶硅内氢杂质的催化加速有关,还与后续退火条件有关.第一步退火的温度对微缺陷的尺度有很大的影响,中低温要比高温所形成的微缺陷小.在退火过程中微缺陷有一个生长过程,1100℃退火2h微缺陷已达最大.硅片表面的粗糙度影响表面洁净区的形成,洁净区出现在未抛光面,双面抛光硅片不会形成表面洁净区.     

区熔硅近表面洁净区和体内微缺陷的形成

中子辐照区熔(氢)硅片经退火后在近表面形成洁净区,在硅片内部形成体内微缺陷.微缺陷的形成与中子辐照造成的损伤及单晶硅内氢杂质的催化加速有关,还与后续退火条件有关.第一步退火的温度对微缺陷的尺度有很大的影响,中低温要比高温所形成的微缺陷小.在退火过程中微缺陷有一个生长过程,1100℃退火2h微缺陷已达最大.硅片表面的粗糙度影响表面洁净区的形成,洁净区出现在未抛光面,双面抛光硅片不会形成表面洁净区.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Nanoimprint Lithography -A Next Generation High Volume Lithography Technique

IntroductionNanoimprint Lithography is a well-acknowl-edged low cost, high resolution, large area pattern-ing process. It includes the most promising methods,high-pressure hot embossing lithography (HEL) [2],UV-cured imprinting (UV-NIL) [3] and micro contactprinting (m-CP, MCP) [4]. Curing of the imprintedstructures is either done by subsequent UV-lightexposure in the case of UV-NIL or by cooling downbelow the glass transition temperature of the ther-moplastic material in case of HEL…     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

Influence of PVK ： NPB hole transporting layer on the characteristics of organic light-emitting devices

A doping system consisting of NPB and PVK is employed as a composite hole transporting layer （CHTL）. By adjusting the component ratio of the doping system, a series of devices with different concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB are constracted. The result shows that doping concentration of NPB enhances the competence of hole transporting ability, and modifies the recombination region of charge as well as affects the surface morphology of doped film. Optimum device with a maximum brightness of 7852 cd/m^2 and a power efficiency of 1.75 lm/W has been obtained by choosing a concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB at 1：3.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.     

Analysis of error performance on Turbo coded FDPIM

Due to variable symbol length of digital pulse interval modulation（DPIM）, it is difficult to analyze the error performances of Turbo coded DPIM. To solve this problem, a fixed-length digital pulse interval modulation（FDPIM） method is provided. The FDPIM modulation structure is introduced. The packet error rates of uncoded FDPIM are analyzed and compared with that of DPIM. Bit error rates of Turbo coded FDPIM are simulated based on three kinds of analytical models under weak turbulence channel. The results show that packet error rate of uncoded FDPIM is inferior to that of uncoded DPIM. However, FDPIM is easy to be implemented and easy to be combined, with Turbo code for soft-decision because of its fixed length. Besides, the introduction of Turbo code in this modulation can decrease the average power about 10 dBm, which means that it can improve the error performance of the system effectively.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.