Characteristic properties of cutting fluid additives derived from half esters of dimer acids

A number of half esters were prepared from the reaction of alcohols with dimer acids and screened for anti-rust properties and antimicrobial activity in spent coolants of water-based cutting fluids. Aqueous solutions of triethanolamine salts with lower-alcohol half esters of dimer acid showed good anti-rust properties for water-based cutting fluids.     

Characteristic properties of cutting fluid additives derived from the derivatives of ricinoleic acid polymers

A number of esters were prepared from the reaction of acid chlorides with ricinoleic acid polymers and screened for anti-rust properties and antimicrobial activity in spent coolants of water-based cutting fluids. Aqueous solutions of triethanolamine salts with decanoic acid, undecanoic acid and oleic acid esters of ricinoleic acid dimer, trimer, tetramer and hexamer showed good anti-rust properties for water-based cutting fluids. Dehydrates of ricinoleic acid polymers also showed good anti-rust properties for water-based cutting fluids.     

Antimicrobial properties of boric acid esters of alcohols

A variety of boric acid esters of various alcohols were prepared and screened for antimicrobial activity in spent coolants of water-based cutting fluids. Boric acid esters of triethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, geranic acid monodiethylene glycol and some hydroxy amines, such as 5-aminopentanol, showed good antimicrobial activity. To whom correspondence should be addressed.     

Characteristic properties of cutting fluid additives made from the derivatives of some polymeric nonionic surface-active agents

A series of esters was prepared from the reaction of acid chlorides with polymeric nonionic surface-active agents (copolymer of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide), and they were screened for antirust and other properties associated with water-based cutting fluids. An aqueous emulsion of an adduct of triethanolamine and the oleic acid ester of polymeric nonionic surface-active agent showed excellent antirust properties when used as a water-based cutting fluid. The emulsion of triethanolamine and the mono nonyl ether of the surface-active agent also showed antirust properties.     

Characteristic properties of cutting fluid additives derived from the reaction products of hydroxyl fatty acids with some acid anhydrides

Several adducts were prepared from the thermal reaction of hydroxyl fatty acids (ricinoleic acid oligomers, 12-hydroxystearic acid oligomers, oleyl alcohol, dehydrated castor oil fatty acids, and dimer acid) with maleic anhydride and screened as water-soluble cutting fluids. For example, aqueous solutions of triethanolamine salts with the products of ricinoleic acid oligomers, 12-hydroxystearic acid dimer, and 12-hydroxysteric acid hexamer showed good antirust properties for waterbased cutting fluids. Various half esters of hydroxyl fatty compounds with acid anhydrides were prepared. Aqueous solutions of triethanolamine salts of half esters of maleic anhydride and succinic anhydride and phthalic anhydride with hydroxyl fatty acids gave good antirust and antiwear properties for waterbased cutting fluids.     

New additives derived from fatty acids for water-based cutting fluids

A variety of derivatives from long chain fatty acids were prepared, and corrosion and lubricity tests for these products as water-based cutting fluid additives were carried out. We have found that triethanolamine salts of 11-(carboxymethylthio)-undecanoic acid (II), 10,11-dichloromethylene undecanoic acid (IV) and 12-isovaleroyloxy stearic acid (VI) showed effective rust-inhibiting and anti-wear properties for water-based cutting fluids.     

Epoxides of unsaturated fatty acids as anti-rust additives in water-based cutting fluids

Epoxides from a variety of unsaturated fatty acids were prepared, and corrosion tests for these products as water-based cutting fluid additives were performed. The triethanolamine salt of an epoxide of undecylenic acid showed very effective rust-inhibiting properties in a water-based cutting fluid.     

Characteristic properties of cutting fluid additives derived from the adducts of diamines and acid chlorides

A number of N,N′-diacylalkyldiamines were prepared from the reaction of acid chlorides with 1,8-diaminooctane and 1,12-diaminododecane and screened for anti-rust properties and antimicrobial activity in spent coolants of water-based cutting fluids. Aqueous solutions of N,N′-dihexanoyl-1,8-diaminooctane and N,N′-isobutyroyl-1,12-diaminododecane showed good anti-rust properties for water-based cutting fluids. Aqueous emulsions of N,N′-dibutyroyl-, dipentanoyl-, dihexanoyl- and dioctanoyl-1,12-diaminododecane showed good lubricities and antimicrobial activity for water-based cutting fluids.     

Products from the reaction of fatty acids with ketones and their characteristic properties as cutting fluids additives

Hydroxy acids were synthesized in good yields from ketones and fatty acids by the use of lithium naphthalene in the presence of diethylamine. For example, from cyclohexanone and undecylenic acid (I), 2-(1-hydroxy-1-cyclohexyl)-10-undecenoic acid (III) was obtained in 92% yield. Hydroxy acids were treated withp-toluenesulphonic acid to give corresponding unsaturated fatty acids. From the reaction of (III), 2-(1-cyclohexenyl)-10-undecenoic acid (IV), a 3,4-unsaturated acid was obtained (yield 59%). Corrosion and lubricity tests for these products as water-based cutting fluid additives were carried out. We have found that triethanolamine salts of 2-cyclohexenyl and 2-hydroxycyclohexyl fatty acids showed effective rust-inhibiting and antiwear properties for water-based cutting fluids.     

Characteristic properties of cutting fluid additives derived from fatty alcohols

Many 3-aminopropyl alkyl ethers were prepared and their characteristics as water-based cutting fluids were examined. 3-Aminopropyl octyl-, decyl- and dodecyl ethers showed good lubricities and antimicrobial properties for a water-based cutting fluid.     

水基切削液废液处理的研究进展

水基切削液废液属于含油废水,有机物浓度高,表面活性剂、防腐剂等添加物质不易降解,如果处理不当,将会严重威胁水体安全。介绍了水基切削液废液目前主要采用的处理技术。指出开发生物菌剂将是提高处理效率,消除有毒有害物质对水体污染隐患的有效手段。     

Adducts of cyclic acid anhydrides and fatty amines as anti-rust additives in water-based cutting fluids

A variety ofN-alkyl carboxylic acid amides was prepared from the reaction of cyclic dicarboxylic acid anhydrides and various amines, and screened for anti-rust properties and antimicrobial activity in spent coolants of water-based cutting fluids. The triethanol amine salts of the adducts of maleic anhydride with octylamine, decylamine, dodecylamine and oleylamine, and the one of phthalic anhydride with octylamine showed both good anti-rust and antimicrobial activity.     

PbO_2/Ti电极电催化氧化处理水基切削液废水

高分子难降解有机物废水的处理已经成为重要难题,水基切削液废水就属于这类废水中的一种.对PbO2/Ti电极的制备进行了详细介绍,并通过中试预处理水基切削液废水出水的电催化氧化小试实验发现:采用PbO2/Ti电极,在电流密度为8 mA/cm2条件下,电催化氧化预处理水基切削液废水的效果最佳.在此电流密度下反应5 h后,出水COD下降到37.1 mgL,色度下降到10倍,出水各项指标达到国家<污水综合排放标准>(GB 8978-1996)一级排放标准.     

水基切削废液处理研究

采用铁碳微电解法对武汉经济技术开发区某汽车配件加工企业产生的水基切削废波进行处理,通过控制变量法,考察了搅拌方式、反应时间、pH值、铁碳投加量、铁碳质量比等因素对废液COD去除率的影响.结果表明：采用曝气搅拌,在反应时间为60 min、pH值为1.0、铁碳投加量为0.12g·mL-1、铁碳质量比为1∶1的条件下,水基切削废液COD去除率达80％.     

Preparation of water-soluble nanographite and its application in water-based cutting fluid

Water-soluble nanographite was prepared by in situ emulsion polymerization using methacrylate as polymeric monomer. The dispersion stability and dispersion state of graphite particles were evaluated by UV-visible spectrophotometry and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The water-soluble nanographite was then added into the water-based cutting fluid as lubricant additive. The lubrication performance of water-based cutting fluid with the nanographite additive was studied on four-ball friction tester and surface tensiometer. Results indicate that the modification method of in situ emulsion polymerization realizes the uniform and stabilized dispersion of nanographite in aqueous environment. The optimal polymerization condition is 70°C (polymerization temperature) and 5 h (polymerization time). The addition of nanographite decreases the friction coefficient and wear scar diameter by 44% and 49%. Meanwhile, the maximum non-seizure load (P_B) increases from 784 to 883 N, and the value of surface tension (32.76 × 10⁻³ N/m) is at low level. Nanographite additive improves apparently the lubrication performance of water-based cutting fluid.     

水性醇酸树脂的研究进展

醇酸树脂被广泛应用于油漆、涂料、粘合剂、船舶等领域,但醇酸树脂大多以有机溶剂为分散介质,对环境造成严重污染,因此醇酸树脂的水性化已迫在眉睫。基于此,本文综述了水性醇酸树脂的制备方法及其合成原理,并结合近几年水性醇酸树脂的发展及研究现状,总结了原料种类、油度、醇酸比、酸值等对水性醇酸树脂漆膜性能的影响,并对其原因进行了分析总结。最后,对水性醇酸树脂今后的发展趋势进行了展望。     

水性悬浮体系的工艺探讨

水悬浮体系的制备过程中,立式砂磨机和卧式砂磨机是目前普遍使用的关键设备,其加工过程对产品的储存物理稳定性影响很大。为了研究了这两类砂磨机和研磨时间对悬浮体系研磨效率及贮存物理稳定性的影响,我们进行了一系列实验对比,结果表明,通过延长研磨时间,可以降低悬浮体系中颗粒的平均粒径和粒径分布（粒径〈3μm的百分比）,提高悬浮体系粘度,从而改善悬浮体系的物理稳定性。在相同条件下,卧式砂磨机的研磨效率比立式砂磨机的要高。     

Preparation of glycol esters of soybean oil fatty acids and their potential as coalescent aids in paint formulations

Soy oil glycol monoesters have been prepared through the transesterification of soybean oil with ethylene, diethylene, propylene, and dipropylene glycols. The molar ratio of soybean oil to glycol used in these reactions was 1∶6. The catalyst used in these reactions was lithium carbonate, 0.5%, based on soybean oil. The transesterifications were carried out at 180–190°C. The composition of soy oil glycol esters and their physical properties were determined. The soy oil glycol esters were incorporated in a water-based paint formulation as the coalescent aid, and the minimum film formation temperature was determined. The minimum film formation temperature results indicated that these esters can be used as coalescent aids in latex paint formulations to help in continuous film formation at or below room temperature.     

气相色谱-质谱联用定性全氟羧酸丁基酯

全氟羧酸化合物(PFCAs)作为全氟化合物(PFCs)其中的一种,具有了全部持久性有机污染物的特点:半挥发性、半衰期长、难降解、生物富集、较强毒性等。本实验应用离子对试剂四丁基硫酸氢铵(TBAHS),对PFC6A-PFC12A等七种全氟羧酸化合物进行离子对萃取,以及气相色谱进样口的衍生,在EI+全扫描的条件下对衍生产物进行了定性分析。结果表明:[C4H9]+m/z=57,[CF3]+m/z=69,[C2F4]+m/z=100,[C2F5]+m/z=119,[C3F5]+m/z=131,[C3F7]+m/z=169,[C4F7]+m/z=181,这几种碎片为所有全氟羧酸丁基酯的共有碎片,可对全氟羧酸丁基酯进行简单快捷的定性。     

市售水基切削液成分分析及绿色优化策略

对国内市售水基切削液进行成分结构分析,结果初步鉴定市售水基切削液为黄色透明黏稠状液体,无刺激性气味,长期放置无分层、无相变、高低温均稳定;pH为8~9;固含量约为36%;通过红外光谱、核磁共振检测分析,市售水基切削液主要含有酯、烯烃、醚。经过原子吸收光谱法鉴定切削液中含有极微量的Na。并提出了合成绿色切削液的优化措施,在防锈剂、防腐剂、极压润滑剂和消泡剂等添加剂的选择上进行了讨论。