提高硼粉的爆炸反应性研究

为了有效提高含硼炸药的爆轰能量,基于影响硼粉反应性的因素,通过选择粒度及纯度、添加活泼金属、制备含硼储氢合金、使用含氟粘结剂等技术手段,改善了爆炸过程中硼粉的氧化,提高了硼粉的爆炸反应性。水下爆炸试验结果表明,上述技术途径均能有效提高含硼炸药的爆轰能量释放。     

含硼炸药的能量输出特性研究

为了有效提高炸药的爆轰能量,基于硼粉具有约2倍于铝粉的体积热值和质量热值的特点,进行了含硼金属化炸药的水下和空中爆炸能量输出特性测试,研究了硼粉的加入对含铝金属化炸药能量大小及输出结构的影响.试验结果表明,硼粉在爆轰过程中的能量释放主要用来提高水下气泡能和空爆火球的持续时间.     

HMX基含硼铝炸药的释能特性和作功能力

如何有效地运用活性金属来提高炸药的爆炸威力和作功能力是设计金属化炸药的关键问题.为探索B/Al复合粉在增爆炸药和温压炸药中的应用,设计并制备了3种HMX基含硼铝炸药.对Φ100 mm×105 mm样品,用空中爆炸试验和水下爆炸试验研究其能量释放特性;用Φ50 mm圆筒试验评价其作功能力,讨论了微米金属粉含量对含硼铝炸药的释能过程和作功能力的影响.结果表明,空爆和水下爆炸中,在HMX的爆轰作用下,铝粉燃烧能够促进硼粉的后燃效应,释放出大量的燃烧热,形成高温高压的膨胀产物,增加空中爆炸火球的持续时间和水下爆炸的总能量.圆筒试验中,在爆轰产物驱动铜管膨胀破裂之前,没有足够的氧和硼反应,未能体现含硼铝炸药中B的燃烧能量优势.当铜管壁膨胀破裂后,空气中的氧可进一步与B/Al复合粉反应释放大量的燃烧热,增强后效作功能力.     

含硼储氢合金(Mg(BH_x)_y)对硝酸酯炸药能量的影响

为提高硝酸酯炸药的爆炸能量,将含硼储氢合金(Mg(BH_x)_y)添加到硝酸酯炸药中,用水下爆炸试验和空中爆炸试验研究了含Mg(BH_x)_y的硝酸酯炸药的能量和后燃效应。结果表明,Mg(BH_x)_y能显著提高硝酸酯炸药的能量。空中爆炸试验中,Mg(BH_x)_y发生分解,分解产物参与爆轰反应。水下爆炸试验中,添加Mg(BH_x)_y后硝酸酯炸药的爆炸能量提高17.56%,且含Mg(BH_x)_y硝酸酯炸药具有明显的后燃效应。     

含氟粘结剂对含硼炸药水下爆炸能量的影响

为了有效提高含硼炸药的爆轰能量,通过测试含不同粘结剂的含硼炸药的爆热和水下爆炸能量,分析了含氟粘结剂对含硼炸药能量的作用机理。试验结果表明:含氟粘结剂能够显著提高含硼炸药的水下爆炸总能量和爆热,水下爆炸能量随粘结剂中氟含量的提高而提高,但随粘结剂含量的提高而降低。     

储氢材料在乳化炸药中的应用

乳化炸药具有安全、环保、稳定的特点,但爆炸威力较低,破岩效果不太理想。为了改善乳化炸药的爆炸性能,向乳化基质中添加储氢材料来提高乳化炸药的作功能力。通过水下爆炸实验和猛度测定实验,研究了两种储氢材料敏化的乳化炸药爆炸能量输出特性,并与玻璃微球敏化的传统乳化炸药进行比较。研究结果表明：储氢材料能够显著改善乳化炸药的爆炸特性,其中储氢材料A敏化的乳化炸药能量增加了32%,储氢材料B冲击波衰减时间增加了42%。储氢材料水解产生的物质产生的H2参与爆炸反应,因此其总输出能量会大于现有乳化炸药的输出能量。储氢材料在乳化炸药中起到了敏化剂和含能材料的双重作用,对新型乳化炸药设计具有指导意义。     

含储氢材料的RDX基混合炸药能量输出特性

为了研究含Mg基储氢材料、含Ti基储氢材料、含ZrH2储氢材料等三种混合炸药的能量输出特性,采用恒温式爆热量热仪和水下爆炸系统分别研究了3种含储氢材料混合炸药的爆热和水下能量特征.结果表明:在RDX/储氢材料/AP/others温压配方体系中,3种含储氢材料炸药爆热的关系为含Mg基>含Ti基?含ZrH2,爆热值分别为7587.0606,6416.4741,3950.6279 kJ·kg-1,表明含储氢材料炸药的爆热与储氢材料的化学潜能呈正相关.水下爆炸中,含储氢材料混合炸药的冲击波峰值压力、冲量、能流密度、冲击波能的大小关系保持一致,从大到小依次为含Mg基、含Ti基、含ZrH2储氢材料混合炸药,冲击波能依次分别为1.41倍、1.26倍、0.97倍TNT当量,表明活性高、潜能大的储氢材料对水下爆炸冲击波的推动作用更大.储氢材料在水下爆炸能量中主要贡献在气泡脉动上,含Mg基、含Ti基、含ZrH2储氢材料混合炸药的气泡能分别为2.17倍、1.78倍、0.86倍TNT当量,表明Mg基储氢材料在二次反应能量释放程度上最优,其次是Ti基储氢材料,ZrH2的反应程度最低.3种含储氢材料混合炸药的水下爆炸能量和爆热的大小趋势保持一致,总体能量水平依次是含Mg基>含Ti基?含ZrH2.含Mg储氢材料炸药的水下爆炸能量最大,达到2.02倍TNT当量.ZrH2在温压体系配方中的适用性不强,爆热和水下爆炸能量均低于TNT.     

硼含量对燃料空气炸药爆炸性能影响的试验研究

为了解硼含量对燃料空气炸药爆炸性能的影响规律,将硼粉和铝粉作为高能金属燃料混合添加到燃料空气炸药（配方体系为铝/硼/环氧丙烷/石油醚/硝酸异丙酯）中,采用静爆试验法,对含硼量不同的燃料空气炸药爆炸超压、冲量及热效应进行研究。研究结果表明：随着燃料空气炸药中硼含量的增加,炸药的冲击波超压、超压冲量和热效应均先增大、后减小;当硼含量为12.5%时,炸药的地面冲击波超压冲量为112.51 KPa·s,比含铝样品高6.16%,空中冲击波超压冲量为63.42 KPa·s,比含铝样品高5.16%;当硼含量为12.5%时,最高爆炸温度是1 650 ℃,比含铝样品提高20 ℃,最大热辐射量为68.266 kJ/m²,比含铝样品的最大热辐射量提高约7.14%. 在含铝燃料空气炸药中添加少量硼粉,可以提高炸药的整体能量水平。     

双元复合炸药装药水下爆炸能量输出特性

选择GH-1和GUHL-1两种炸药及内外层和上下叠加两种典型的双元装药结构,测量了水下爆炸冲击波超压-时间历程,研究不同双元装药水下爆炸的能量输出结构,并与单一配方装药进行了对比.实验结果表明: 同样化学组成下,采用双元炸药装药结构,能够改变水下爆炸测点处的爆炸载荷,减少冲击波在传播过程中的能量损失,提高能量利用率; 其中采用外层高爆速炸药,内层非理想炸药的同轴内外层双元装药结构,比单一配方装药的比气泡能提高22.4%,而且两部分装药之间产生了能量耦合效应.     

铝基贮氢复合燃烧剂在水下炸药中的应用

采用嵌合组装的方式制备了含15%硼和15%金属氢化物MgH₂的铝基贮氢复合燃烧剂Q3,Q3粉体为类球形,具有较高的理论热值34.8 MJ·kg^-1。在空气气氛下采用热重分析方法测试了球铝与Q3粉体的氧化性能,结果表明,Q3起始氧化温度为430 ℃,比球铝降低了约100 ℃;1000 ℃时,Q3氧化增重量60%,明显优于铝粉的增重量（23%）,显示Q3具有点火性能较好和完全氧化程度较高的特点。对金属粉含量为35%的RDX基炸药开展水下爆炸试验测试,铝基贮氢复合燃烧剂Q3等质量替代铝粉,同比含铝炸药水下爆炸比冲击波能降低3.0%,比气泡能提高9.5%,爆炸总能量提高7.6%。铝基贮氢复合燃烧剂Q3中金属氢化物和铝组分有利于提高硼组分的释能效率和释能速率,提高了炸药水下爆炸总能量。     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Method for Measuring Velocity of Warhead Fragments Based on Photoelectric Detection

For measuring velocity and impacting position of single fragment of warhead, a non-contact measuring method is proposed, in which a six-light-screen array, a position indicator, a multi-channel chronograph and a computer are used.The principle of measurement is described. The key device of the system is a light screen array sensor which consists of six light screens allocated with certain geometrical parameters. When the fragment flies through the light screen array, the time of passing through each of the screens is recorded by the multi-channel chronograph. According to the time data and the geometrical parameters of the array, the velocity vector and the location of the fragment can be calculated immediately. The presented method can be used to locate the fragment and to measure the real velocity on its flying direction. It can also be used to measure the velocity of a fragment swarm after the system is engineered further.     

数码电子雷管中影响点火头性能因素分析

阐述了数码电子雷管中,点火药剂细结晶三硝基间苯二酚铅（LTNR）的制备工艺;从点火药剂的种类、加入黏合剂的质量分数、桥丝直径、点火头的电阻值、防潮漆的蘸涂等方面对点火头性能的影响因素进行了探讨;通过震动试验、并联起爆试验、延期精度检测与考核,试验结果表明：一次性合成的细结晶LTNR是制造数码电子雷管点火头较为理想的点火药剂,按技术要求生产的点火头性能指标能够满足行业标准要求。     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.     

Algorithm for Multi-laser-target Tracking Based on Clustering Fusion

Multi-laser-target tracking is an important subject in the field of signal processing of laser warners. A clustering method is applied to the measurement of laser warner, and the space-time fusion for measurements in the same cluster is accomplished. Real-time tracking of multi-laser-target and real-time picking of multi-laser-signal are introduced using data fusion of the measurements. A prototype device of the algorithm is built up. The results of experiments show that the algorithm is very effective.     

Influence of Installing Error on the Surface Shape Precision of the Axial Symmetry Aspheric Workpiece in Lapping

A method to calculate the surface shape error, which is caused by the installing error between the workpiece and the lapping tool in the process of form lapping, is proposed. The mathematical model which the installing translation error influences on the workpiece surface shape error is established. The changing rule of the error is simulated through the calculating example of the paraboloid workpiece. The results indicate that the surface shape error of the workpiece is increasing with the increase of the installing translation error, it is also increasing gradually along the center point of the curve surface to the edge, and the influence is severer to the curve surface with great curvature than that of the small curvature when the translation error is the same.