疏水纳米SiO_2改性鳞片石墨的流动性及红外干扰性能（英文）

为研究疏水纳米SiO_2改性鳞片石墨的分散性能和红外干扰效能,采用粉体特性测试仪测定了改性前后鳞片石墨粒子的流动性。采用气流分散的方式将鳞片石墨粒子分散在烟幕箱中形成烟幕。测试了烟幕的质量浓度和红外光谱透过率。依据搅拌沉降模型,计算得到了烟幕的沉降速度。结果表明,用质量分数为4.0%的疏水纳米SiO_2改性鳞片石墨的Carr流动性指数最高,达到了61,同时鳞片石墨粒子的沉降速度也从改性前的2.288×10-3m·s~(-1)降至改性后的1.125×10-3m·s~(-1),形成的烟幕在3~5μm和8~12μm波段的平均红外光谱透过率也分别从0.3895%和0.7288%降为0.072%和0.176%。疏水纳米SiO_2对鳞片石墨表面的物理修饰,有效改善了鳞片石墨粒子的流动性和分散性能,显著提高了鳞片石墨形成烟幕的留空持续时间和红外干扰性能。     

气凝胶基复合含能材料的制备及其红外遮蔽性能研究

为研究以二氧化硅气凝胶颗粒材料为骨架的复合型抗红外烟幕的制备及其红外波段遮蔽性能,分别将硝化棉、硝酸钠充填到气凝胶内部孔道中制备出气凝胶/NC、气凝胶/NaNO_3两种复合材料,将其掺杂到常规发烟剂中制备几组复合发烟剂,并对发烟剂红外遮蔽性能进行了研究。研究结果表明:掺杂气凝胶/NC复合材料的发烟剂所形成的烟幕对红外具有明显的遮蔽效果,8~14μm波段红外透过率低至3.37%;当气凝胶复合材料的掺杂量为7%时,烟幕对红外的干扰效果最佳。     

石墨粒度对红外、10.6μm激光的衰减性能影响

为选择性能优良的红外与激光烟幕遮蔽材料,在烟幕箱中测试研究了3000目、6000目和10000目石墨形成的烟幕对红外与10.6μm激光的衰减效果.结果表明:不同粒度石墨对红外与10.6μn激光均具有显著的衰减作用,当烟幕浓度为1.5g·m-3时,石墨对红外与10.6μm激光透过率均小于30%;随着粒度减小,石墨对红外与10.6μm激光的衰减能力逐渐增强,烟幕浓度达到3.5g·m-3时,对红外热像仪可实现完全遮蔽干扰.     

碳纳米管/石墨烯/碳复合材料烟幕的中远红外的干扰性能

为探索碳纳米管/石墨烯/碳复合材料在3～5μm和8～14μm中远红外波段烟幕干扰方面的应用,用液相法制备了碳纳米管/石墨烯/碳复合材料。采用扫描电子显微镜,对比分析了石墨烯、碳纳米管和复合材料的微观形貌。采用傅里叶红外光谱仪技术,对比分析了三种材料的静态红外吸收能力。基于烟箱实验,测试了石墨烯、碳纳米管和复合材料对3～5μm、8～14μm中远红外的透过率,并根据"朗伯?比尔"定律计算了烟幕的平均质量消光系数。结果表明,经过沥青碳化,以沥青碳为骨架,碳纳米管与石墨烯形成的复杂网状空间结构的烟幕干扰复合材料,抑制了碳纳米管的结团和石墨烯的堆叠现象,改善了悬浮性。针对3～5μm波段,计算得到碳纳米管、石墨烯及碳纳米管/石墨烯/碳复合材料平均红外透过率分别约为9%、10%和5%,复合材料的有效遮蔽时间相比碳纳米管、石墨烯分别增加了约13%和21%;对8～14μm红外波段的平均红外透过率分别约为3%、5%和4%,复合材料有效遮蔽时间相比碳纳米管、石墨烯增加了约28%和13%。碳纳米管/石墨烯/碳复合材料改善了单一碳材料的悬浮性能和红外光谱吸收性能,对中红外的干扰性能增强,对远红外的干扰性能有所下降,但有效干扰时间仍有所提高,其远红外干扰性能有待进一步改进。     

几种纳米氧化铝的红外消光性能研究

利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪在中型烟幕试验柜中,对八种α型和γ型纳米氧化铝粉体气溶胶在3~5μm与8~14μm波段的红外消光特性进行了测试对比。利用KBr压片法测试了样品的红外光谱,给出了样品的晶型、平均粒度和比表面积等特征数据。实验结果表明,纳米氧化铝对红外具有良好的消光作用。纳米氧化铝气溶胶在3~5μm和8~14μm波段的最大质量消光系数分别为1.798m2·g-1和1.940m2·g-1;γ型纳米氧化铝的红外平均透过率普遍小于α型;比表面积越大、纳米氧化铝粒子平均直径越小对红外的消光性能就越显著。     

疏水纳米SiO2改性鳞片石墨的流动性及红外干扰性能（英）

为研究疏水纳米SiO₂改性鳞片石墨的分散性能和红外干扰效能,采用粉体特性测试仪测定了改性前后鳞片石墨粒子的流动性。采用气流分散的方式将鳞片石墨粒子分散在烟幕箱中形成烟幕。测试了烟幕的质量浓度和红外光谱透过率。依据搅拌沉降模型,计算得到了烟幕的沉降速度。结果表明,用质量分数为4.0%的疏水纳米SiO₂改性鳞片石墨的Carr流动性指数最高,达到了61,同时鳞片石墨粒子的沉降速度也从改性前的2.288×10^-3m·s^-1降至改性后的1.125×10^-3m·s^-1,形成的烟幕在3~5 μm 和8~12 μm波段的平均红外光谱透过率也分别从0.3895%和 0.7288%降为0.072% 和 0.176%。疏水纳米SiO₂对鳞片石墨表面的物理修饰,有效改善了鳞片石墨粒子的流动性和分散性能,显著提高了鳞片石墨形成烟幕的留空持续时间和红外干扰性能。     

多频谱发烟组件结构设计与遮蔽性能

为有效对抗多模导引头，通过原位反应和复合配药技术制备一种多频谱干扰剂，同时根据发烟弹的使用预期设计、制造多频谱干扰剂配套的发烟组件。通过烟箱实验分析多频谱干扰剂的红外透过率、毫米波衰减值、可见光透过率，基于朗伯比尔定律计算其在红外、可见光波段的质量消光系数。运用静爆法对发烟组件与多频谱干扰剂的匹配效果进行测试，得到发烟组件的发烟过程、有效烟幕宽度和持续时间。实验结果表明：多频谱干扰剂在1～3μm、3～5μm、8～14μm的红外透过率分别为1.98%、3.04%、8.11%,3 mm、8 mm波的衰减值分别可达-14.52dB和-11.76d B,0.4～0.8μm可见光透过率为6.96%;1～3μm、3～5μm、8～14μm、0.4～0.8μm的质量消光系数分别为1.28m²/g、1.14m²/g、0.82m²/g、0.87m²/g；烟幕持续时间大于60s，有效烟幕宽度大于60m；装填多频谱干扰剂的发烟组件具有良好的遮蔽能力，成烟迅速，形成的烟幕云团稳定，是干扰多模导引头的一种有效方法。     

纳米镍粉对1.06μm和10.6μm激光的消光性能研究（英）

在容积为20 m3的烟幕箱中测试了30 g纳米镍粉形成的烟幕对1.06μm和10.6μm激光的消光性能。其质量消光系数分别为1.542 m2.g-1、1.078 m2.g-1,沉降速度为1.035×10-3m.s-1,与常规材料的烟幕性能比较表明,纳米镍粉形成的烟幕消光性能好,悬浮时间长,是一种能有效干扰1.06μm和10.6μm激光的新型烟幕材料。     

膨胀石墨烟幕对1.06μm和10.6μm激光的消光特性研究

为测试膨胀石墨烟幕红外激光消光特性,在分析膨胀石墨烟幕消光机理的基础上,通过测量其在不同时段的烟幕平均质量浓度和平均激光透过率,得到了膨胀石墨烟幕对1.06μm近红外和10.6μm远红外激光的质量消光系数分别为1.149 8m<'2>/g和0.820 5m<'2>/g.结果表明,膨胀石墨烟幕对两个波长的红外激光具有良好的消光和干扰效果,在光电对抗领域具有广阔的应用前景.     

五帧差分法提取实测红外烟幕图像的特征参数

为提取实测红外烟幕的效应特征量(烟幕宽度、烟幕高度、烟幕遮蔽面积、遮蔽时间)和运动特征量(垂直方向、水平方向的扩散速度)参数,设计了野外测量红外烟幕的试验场地布置方案,应用红外热像仪采集了红外烟幕弹在112 s内爆炸和扩散过程的视频数据,采用了五帧差分法对红外热像仪视频序列中的红外烟幕进行分割和提取,得到了红外烟幕的效应特征量区域和运动特征量区域,并根据场地布置的几何关系对试验结果进行了风向修正,以红外烟幕图像像素点为基本单元,对红外热像仪视频序列中每一帧烟幕的效应特征量区域和运动特征量区域中每一个像素点所代表的实际烟幕高度数值和宽度数值进行了求解,进而得到红外烟幕的效应特征量和运动特征量参数.经实测红外烟幕视频分析验证,该方法可以快速提取红外烟幕特征参数,其爆炸瞬间烟幕宽度、烟幕高度、烟幕遮蔽面积迅速增加至4.7 m,5.2 m,24.2 m2,水平沿风速方向的烟幕前沿扩散速度达到了126 m·s-1,垂直方向烟幕前沿扩散的速度达到了146.3 m·s-1.对研究红外烟幕扩散仿真方程的修正、作战效能评估、作战运用具有较高的实际应用价值.     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Method for Measuring Velocity of Warhead Fragments Based on Photoelectric Detection

For measuring velocity and impacting position of single fragment of warhead, a non-contact measuring method is proposed, in which a six-light-screen array, a position indicator, a multi-channel chronograph and a computer are used.The principle of measurement is described. The key device of the system is a light screen array sensor which consists of six light screens allocated with certain geometrical parameters. When the fragment flies through the light screen array, the time of passing through each of the screens is recorded by the multi-channel chronograph. According to the time data and the geometrical parameters of the array, the velocity vector and the location of the fragment can be calculated immediately. The presented method can be used to locate the fragment and to measure the real velocity on its flying direction. It can also be used to measure the velocity of a fragment swarm after the system is engineered further.     

数码电子雷管中影响点火头性能因素分析

阐述了数码电子雷管中,点火药剂细结晶三硝基间苯二酚铅（LTNR）的制备工艺;从点火药剂的种类、加入黏合剂的质量分数、桥丝直径、点火头的电阻值、防潮漆的蘸涂等方面对点火头性能的影响因素进行了探讨;通过震动试验、并联起爆试验、延期精度检测与考核,试验结果表明：一次性合成的细结晶LTNR是制造数码电子雷管点火头较为理想的点火药剂,按技术要求生产的点火头性能指标能够满足行业标准要求。     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.     

Algorithm for Multi-laser-target Tracking Based on Clustering Fusion

Multi-laser-target tracking is an important subject in the field of signal processing of laser warners. A clustering method is applied to the measurement of laser warner, and the space-time fusion for measurements in the same cluster is accomplished. Real-time tracking of multi-laser-target and real-time picking of multi-laser-signal are introduced using data fusion of the measurements. A prototype device of the algorithm is built up. The results of experiments show that the algorithm is very effective.     

Influence of Installing Error on the Surface Shape Precision of the Axial Symmetry Aspheric Workpiece in Lapping

A method to calculate the surface shape error, which is caused by the installing error between the workpiece and the lapping tool in the process of form lapping, is proposed. The mathematical model which the installing translation error influences on the workpiece surface shape error is established. The changing rule of the error is simulated through the calculating example of the paraboloid workpiece. The results indicate that the surface shape error of the workpiece is increasing with the increase of the installing translation error, it is also increasing gradually along the center point of the curve surface to the edge, and the influence is severer to the curve surface with great curvature than that of the small curvature when the translation error is the same.