某底火击穿漏烟问题的解决

针对某底火在强度试验中出现底部击穿漏烟的问题,进行了原因分析。分析表明导致该底火底部击穿漏烟的主要因素是底火壳硬度偏低、火台硬度偏高,故采取了降低底火壳退火温度、提高火台退火温度的改进措施。验证试验表明:改进措施在满足底火发火量要求的同时,解决了底部击穿漏烟的问题。     

可编程引信杀爆弹长管电底火设计

为提升坦克炮杀爆弹的作战能力,设计用于可编程引信杀爆弹的长管电底火。针对抗静电性能、通电安 全性、击发可靠性等性能指标,进行结构设计,解决电底火漏烟密闭性、环电极的强度、发火件桥丝焊接质量及 发火可靠性等问题。结果表明：该方案能保证长管电底火对杀爆弹装定击发电压的有效执行,满足火炮发射指令的 要求。     

某型药筒底火穿孔故障分析

在某自行高炮试验过程中,药筒在强度射击试验时出现底火穿孔现象。针对该现象,对该型药筒底火在射击过程中的受力进行了分析,给出了火帽所受剪应力公式及影响火帽剪应力的关键因素;在对比了类似自动机的闭锁机构和击针直径后,经过火帽剪应力计算,找到了底火穿孔的原因。在不改变现有底火火帽厚度的前提下,对闩体、击针等进行了改进设计,经试验验证使底火穿孔问题得以解决。该文解决底火穿孔的思路、方法对解决类似问题有启迪作用,对自动机击发机构具有一定借鉴作用。     

底火输出能量的几种测量方法

介绍了国内外底火输出能量的几种测量方法：压力测量法、光学测量法、声学测量法、机械能量输出测量法,分析了各种测量方法的特点及应用情况;提出结合密闭爆发器原理,通过测量底火输出的火焰温度、底火作用时的压力——时间关系、声学特性等,对底火输出能量进行全面定量化测试的研究方向。     

读者信箱

问:枪弹底火是由什么材料构成的,其构造怎样? 辽宁朝阳姚奇答:枪弹底火是由薄金属壳或塑料壳,内装击发点火药构成的,可在击针撞击、摩擦或电流作用下发火。目前,广泛使用的枪弹底火主要有伯尔丹式底火和博克赛式底火两种型式(见本刊1998年第4期的"读者信箱"相关内容)。伯尔丹式底火是一种自身不带火台的底火;博克赛式底火是一种自身带火台的底火。司:反器材步枪是怎么回事,作什么用的? 江西抚州朱俊     

读者信箱

问:底火与弹壳体的连接极其牢固,是用什么方法连接的？内蒙古巴彦淖尔李晓波答:枪弹的底火与弹壳底火室采用过盈配合连接,也就是说,底火是压进弹壳底火室的。底火压入弹壳底火室后,还有一道在底火与弹壳底火室相接处周围     

底-6乙底火药剂的燃烧温度测定与计算

设计了一种用于底火燃烧温度测定的密闭爆发器,在距底火15 mm处测定了底-6乙底火的燃烧温度,6发底火药剂燃烧最高温度范围为405.87~563.28℃。以底火药剂燃烧放出的热量作为内热源,利用有限元法模拟计算了底火在密闭爆发器内燃烧温度,范围为423.45~552.95℃。结果表明,计算与试验结果比较吻合。     

小口径枪弹通用无锈蚀底火通过部级鉴定

2000年8月18日,国营791厂自行研制的“小口径枪弹通用无锈蚀无雷汞底火”(代号:“WD391”)在重庆通过由兵器装备集团公司组织的产品鉴定。总装轻武器论证所等16个单位共45名轻武器专家参加了评审。 “WD391”底火采用伯丹式底火结构,在当今国际先进的“FA956”配方基础上进行了大胆的改进。其最大的特点:一是减少射击后枪械的腐蚀,延长枪械的使用寿命;二是能有效降低枪口部焰烟;三是提高了枪弹的长储性。它适用于所有小口径枪弹,现已在新一代5.8mm普通弹和5.8mm曳光弹上装配使用。经数百次各种环境试验,     

小口径枪弹环保底火的应用与展望

阐明了研发环保底火的可行性与必要性,介绍了小口径枪弹环保底火的总体设计方案及指标要求,对该环保底火进行了性能试验．分析结果表明,该环保底火可以满足枪弹战技指标要求．     

底火两相射流在传火管内传播过程的一维模型及数值模拟

底火射流在传火管内的传播过程是中心传火管及传火装药设计的主要依据。建立了底火药剂燃烧模型以及底火射流在传火管内传播的一维两相流模型,在使用四阶龙格-库塔法求解底火药剂的击发和燃烧过程的基础上,采用两步分量型CTVD格式对底火两相射流在传火管内的传播过程进行数值求解。得到了传火管内不同位置上射流的压力、两相速度以及空隙率等参量的变化规律。结果表明,底火射流在传火管内传播时,头部存在较强的压力波,气相速度大于固相速度; 当压力波在端面反射并作用在后续固相颗粒时,造成颗粒的加速燃烧; 当射流中的颗粒运动到右边界后,颗粒的堆积燃烧造成了反向的压力梯度,传火管内气相出现较大反向运动速度。     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.     

Algorithm for Multi-laser-target Tracking Based on Clustering Fusion

Multi-laser-target tracking is an important subject in the field of signal processing of laser warners. A clustering method is applied to the measurement of laser warner, and the space-time fusion for measurements in the same cluster is accomplished. Real-time tracking of multi-laser-target and real-time picking of multi-laser-signal are introduced using data fusion of the measurements. A prototype device of the algorithm is built up. The results of experiments show that the algorithm is very effective.     

Influence of Installing Error on the Surface Shape Precision of the Axial Symmetry Aspheric Workpiece in Lapping

A method to calculate the surface shape error, which is caused by the installing error between the workpiece and the lapping tool in the process of form lapping, is proposed. The mathematical model which the installing translation error influences on the workpiece surface shape error is established. The changing rule of the error is simulated through the calculating example of the paraboloid workpiece. The results indicate that the surface shape error of the workpiece is increasing with the increase of the installing translation error, it is also increasing gradually along the center point of the curve surface to the edge, and the influence is severer to the curve surface with great curvature than that of the small curvature when the translation error is the same.     

Experimental Research on Output Performances of Giant Magnetostrictive Actuator

The paper introduces the performances of magnetostrictive actuators and its applications, discusses the design methods for the structure and internal magnetic circuit of a giant magnetostrictive actuator, and makes tests on the output displacement and force characteristics for an actuator using homemade magnetostrictive material. The experimental result shows that the actuator has satisfactory output precisions and ranges in transient and stable states, and can be used in lowfrequency vibration control system of precise equipment.     

Robust Graded Sliding Mode Tracking Control for Low Speed Spinning Ballistic Missiles

The nonlinear dynamic model of spinning ballistic missiles is established during the first boosting phase of the missile. Based on the conventional backstepping sliding mode control and the assumption of a two time-scale separation of missile dynamics, a graded sliding mode controller is designed with two sub-sliding surfaces which have invariability to external disturbances and parameter perturbations, and a matrix which comprises three first order low pass filters is introduced to prevent ＂explosion of terms＂. Owing to the upper bounds of the uncertainties are difficult to obtain in advance, adaptive laws are introduced to estimate the values of the uncertainties in real-time. Eventually, the numerical simulation results given to show the proposed controller can ensure the steady flight of missiles.