生物质基金属吸附材料改性的研究进展

通过对生物质吸附材料的改性方法及在金属离子吸附分离方面的应用进行分析,对用于金属离子吸附分离的生物制基吸附材料的改性方法进行分类。总结了生物制基吸附剂固定化、复合改性、化学修饰及生物质炭化四类改性方法的特点及在溶液中金属离子分离中的应用。根据目前生物质基金属吸附材料改性研究中存在的问题和不足,提出提高生物质吸附剂改性机理认识和加快开展实际应用是今后的研究重点。     

生物质施胶剂的研究进展

采用生物质资源制备造纸施胶剂在合理利用资源,降低成本,保护环境方面有很大优势。造纸行业中常用的生物质类施胶剂有改性松香类、淀粉及改性淀粉类、动物胶等,该文着重介绍4种生物质施胶剂,并进一步阐述了其在造纸工业中的应用情况。     

固体酸催化剂在生物质液化及生物油改性中的应用

生物质液化是当今研究生物质能源的热点之一。本文详细综述了三大类固体酸催化剂在生物质液化中的应用现状,简单介绍了固体酸催化剂在生物油改性中的研究进展。对固体酸催化剂在生物质液化及生物油改性方面的发展前景进行了展望。     

固体酸催化剂在生物质液化及生物油改性中的应用

生物质液化是当今研究生物质能源的热点之一。本文详细综述了三大类固体酸催化剂在生物质液化中的应用现状,简单介绍了固体酸催化剂在生物油改性中的研究进展。对固体酸催化剂在生物质液化及生物油改性方面的发展前景进行了展望。     

Fe-Zn共改性ZSM-5催化作用下生物质快速热解特性研究

选取木屑和花生壳作为原料进行生物质热解,研究有机产物分布,催化剂使用Fe、Zn两种金属元素进行改性。通过X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、傅里叶红外（FT-IR）、比表面积测试（BET）对Fe-Zn改性的ZSM-5进行分析。使用闪速裂解-气质联用仪（PY-GC/MS）对原料进行热解,探究生物质催化热解的产物分布变化。催化剂的使用使得芳烃类产物产率获得较大提升,在木屑热解中,Fe负载的分子筛催化获得了酚类的最高产率,比ZSM-5催化热解产率提升18.30%。金属改性催化剂在花生壳热解中,大幅提升了芳烃类产物产率,其中Zn负载催化剂芳烃类产物产率最高,Zn负载催化热解比直接热解的酚类产率降低了18.92%。Zn负载催化获得了最低的酮类产率,与直接热解相比酮类产率降低19.74%,显示出较强的脱羟基效果。此外Zn负载催化和Fe-Zn双金属负载催化在花生壳热解中都大幅降低了酸类产物产率,与直接热解相比酸类产率分别降低了30.46%、36.71%。     

生物质炭在废水处理中的应用进展

生物质炭具有原料来源广泛、制备工艺简单、表面和结构性能优良等优点。本文综述了生物质炭在废水处理中的最新进展,介绍了基于不同侧重点的生物质炭改性方法,总结了生物质炭去除重金属、无机污染物等废水的机制,并提出了对生物质炭未来发展的思考,为生物质炭的研究和应用提供参考。     

生物质油精制的研究进展

生物质油具有含水量高、含氧量高、热值低、黏度大、热不稳定和化学不稳定等特性,在一定程度上影响了其应用,通过精制可改善其品质,拓展其应用领域。本文综述了生物质油的特性以及生物质油改性精制技术的研究进展,包括乳化、催化裂解、催化酯化以及加氢脱氧技术,并提出生物质油的应用领域及改性精制方向。     

生物质材料在水体溢油修复中的应用

生物质材料来源于各种自然资源中,可以作为廉价的吸附剂被广泛应用。天然生物质材料具有廉价、使用方便、可生物降解的优点。同时,综述了改性生物质吸附剂的良好潜力应用于水体溢油污染物的去除,改性方法主要包括热处理、粉碎处理、超声和微波处理、乙酰化处理和接枝共聚。阐述了生物质材料在水体溢油修复中的研究热点和应用趋势。     

生物质胶粘剂在木材工业中的研究与应用现状分析

综述了生物质胶粘剂在木材工业中的生产应用现状及发展历程,详述了近年来改性生物质胶粘剂的研究及成果。从反应机理角度对生物质原料的改性技术作了阐述。指出了生物质胶粘剂当前存在的问题并提出了相关建议。     

阻燃纤维素纺织品的研究进展

纤维素类纺织品具有易燃性,其应用增加了火灾发生的可能性,从而对人们的生命安全造成严重威胁。对纤维素类纺织品进行阻燃改性是提高其阻燃性能的有效措施。该文综述了纤维素类纺织品不同的阻燃改性方法,分析浸渍及涂层整理法、接枝改性法和共混改性等对纤维素类纺织品阻燃改性的研究现状,同时总结了限制阻燃纤维素类纺织品开发及应用的影响因素,如制备过程中阻燃体系不稳定,产品的阻燃耐久性较差及机械性能损伤等。最后对阻燃纤维素类纺织品的发展方向进行了展望,指出合理利用生物质原材料,设计智能化、多功能化、具有阻燃耐久性的纺织品是阻燃纤维素类纺织品未来的发展方向。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。