老化对改性沥青微观结构及疲劳性能的影响

为了研究老化对改性沥青微观结构及疲劳性能的影响,通过沥青常规指标测试试验、动态剪切流变（DSR）试验和AFM测试试验,从宏细观角度分析了老化前后苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯三嵌段共聚物（SBS）改性沥青和胶粉改性沥青的针入度、延度和软化点及疲劳性能、微观结构的变化情况。结果表明：随着老化程度的加深,两种改性沥青的稠度、硬度增加,高温性能得到改善,而温度敏感性变低,低温抗裂性能变差。综合分析针入度比、延度比和软化点比得出胶粉改性沥青的抗老化性能优于SBS改性沥青;随温度的降低、频率的增大和老化程度的加深,两种改性沥青的抗疲劳性能变差;微观结构观测结果显示,SBS改性沥青具有"蜂型结构",老化后"蜂型结构"的体积增大、高度增加、数量减少;胶粉改性沥青没有"蜂型结构",胶粉颗粒与沥青在共混共融过程中发生溶胀、脱硫和降解等行为会影响沥青中"蜂型结构"的形成;老化前后胶粉改性沥青表面形貌粗糙度和高度变化不大;胶粉改性沥青的抗疲劳、抗老化和高温性能总体优于SBS改性沥青。     

稻壳类生物沥青微观作用机理研究

为了探究稻壳类生物质油替代石油沥青的微观作用机理,以稻壳类生物质油和6种石油沥青为原材料,制备稻壳类生物沥青。采用针入度、软化点和延度指标评价稻壳类生物沥青的物理性能,通过傅里叶红外光谱实验(FTIR)和高温凝胶色谱实验(GPC)探究稻壳类生物沥青的微观作用机理。研究表明,稻壳类生物质油会使石油沥青的针入度和延度增大,同时使软化点略有降低;稻壳类生物质油与6种石油沥青的官能团相似,且生物沥青制备时未产生新的官能团;随着稻壳类生物质油的掺加,6种生物沥青中的小分子和中分子含量增加,大分子的含量变化不大,稻壳类生物质油小分子和中分子含量较多,生物沥青的数均分子量M_n和重均分子量M_w均降低。稻壳类生物质油的加入,使石油沥青的低温性能提高,流动性增大,高温性能稍有降低但并不会降低石油沥青的高温等级,稻壳类生物质油可以作为石油沥青的替代材料使用。     

Preparation of graphene oxide and its modification effect on base asphalt

In this paper, graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized by pressurized oxidation method and GO-modified asphalt was prepared by solution melting method. The structure and morphology of GO was characterized by Raman spectra, Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and transmission electron microscope (TEM), and the results showed that single-layer or few-layer large size GO was obtained. The chemical structure of the GO-modified asphalt and the SARA (saturates, aromatics, resins and asphaltenes) components were characterized by FTIR and thin-layer chromatography with flame ionization detector (TLC/FID). In addition, the effect of GO on the physical properties of base asphalt was also studied. The results showed that there was no chemical change in the modification process and that GO was physically dispersed in the asphalt. GO has little influence on the penetration, ductility, softening point and penetration index of asphalt, the adhesion and temperature stability of asphalt are not changed much. The addition of GO differs from the adsorption of light components by polymer-modified asphalt, but fundamentally hinders the thermal oxygen conversion between the components and improved the low-temperature crack resistance of modified asphalt.     

粒化聚合物抗车辙剂对沥青和沥青混合料的改性机理

粒化聚合物抗车辙剂PLAST.S可以改善沥青及沥青混合料的性能,为了研究PLAST.S的改性机理,首先研究了PLAST.S改性不同基质沥青的主要技术指标,并与相同加工工艺下相应基质沥青的技术指标进行对比;然后采用干法和湿法工艺,分析了PLAST.S改性沥青混合料的路用性能;最后结合PLAST.S溶于沥青和成型沥青混合料时的物理形态,以及PLAST.S对沥青及沥青混合料性能的改善效果,分析了PLAST.S的改性机理.研究结果表明:在沥青中添加PLAST.S后,可以减小沥青的针入度,增大沥青的软化点,但是沥青的延度也随之减小,并且随着加热搅拌时间的延长,变化幅度相对增大;PLAST.S可以显著提高沥青混合料的高温稳定性与水稳定性,但对沥青混合料低温抗裂性能无显著改善;PLAST.S对沥青及沥青混合料主要起物理改性作用,高温下PLAST.S物理形态发生变化,冷却后通过增稠或加筋、填隙、牵制等作用分别改善沥青或沥青混合料的性能.     

石棉尾矿酸浸渣填充量对改性沥青性能的影响

采用石棉尾矿蛇纹石酸浸提取氧化镁后的硅质酸浸渣填充改性道路沥青,利用机械搅拌法将酸浸渣按一定填充量制备改性沥青,并通过测定改性沥青的针入度、延度、软化点等指标,研究酸浸渣填充量对道路沥青综合性能的影响。结果表明:石棉尾矿酸浸渣填充量对改性沥青各方面性能有很大的影响,其适宜填充量为6%;在适宜的填充量下,改性沥青的高温性能、低温性能、高低温稳定性以及抗老化性均得到显著改善或提高。     

纳米蒙脱土改性乳化沥青的制备与性能研究

研究了纳米蒙脱土(MMT)对沥青乳化技术的影响,以纳米蒙脱土为改性剂成功制备出MMT改性乳化沥青.利用XRD分析了MMT在改性乳化沥青中的分散情况,并且通过室内试验测试了沥青乳液的聚沉体积,乳化沥青蒸发残留物的针入度、软化点、延度和布式旋转黏度,结果表明,MMT使乳化沥青的存储稳定性得到明显改善,当MMT掺量高于0.6％时,乳液9天内不发生破乳现象;MMT的层间距由1.28 nm增至2.57 nm,层间距增大了100％,说明MMT成功插层进入乳化沥青的蒸发残留物中,形成了纳米插层型复合材料;乳化沥青蒸发残留物的软化点和黏度上升,针入度和延度有所降低,表明MMT提高了蒸发残留物的耐高温性能.     

基于宏观性能与微观性状确定SBR胶乳在SBR改性乳化沥青中的最佳添加量

为确定路用拌和型SBR改性乳化沥青中SBR胶乳的合理添加量,对不同SBR胶乳添加量改性乳化沥青进行了基本性能指标测试与对比。实验结果表明,随着SBR胶乳含量的增加,SBR改性乳化沥青粘度增加、与集料的粘附性提高,但储存5天后的稳定性下降。对不同胶乳含量的SBR改性乳化沥青进行电镜扫描发现,SBR胶乳含量为3%时,胶乳以小而密的颗粒存在于乳化沥青中,与乳化沥青接触面积最大,溶解度最大。分析不同胶乳含量SBR改性乳化沥青DSC曲线发现:胶乳含量在3~3.5%之间时,SBR改性乳化沥青内能较小,组分更宜稳定,不易发生离析现象。考虑以上实验结果并结合不同胶乳含量SBR改性乳化沥青蒸发残留物的三大指标和实验结果,同时考虑技术和经济因素,认为SBR改性剂添加量在3~3.5%之间时,生产的改性乳化沥青既经济又具有较好的性能指标。     

包装废PE改性沥青旋转薄膜烘箱老化试验

以回收的包装废聚乙烯(PE)代替普通聚合物改性剂,对石油沥青进行改性,并采用旋转薄膜烘箱加热老化试验(RTFOT)对沥青的老化过程进行研究。结果表明,老化后基质沥青与改性沥青的软化点、135℃黏度升高,而针入度降低,其性能变化趋势基本相似,但随着改性剂量的增加,老化幅度变小。改性后分散于沥青中的包装废PE在老化过程中一方面发生自身降解影响沥青体系的性能,另一方面包装废PE通过吸收基质沥青中轻质油分发生溶胀,从而减少了沥青在热老化过程中游离基的产生,降低了由于轻质组分氧化对基质沥青性能的影响,改善了由于其自身老化对沥青体系的影响,最终导致改性后沥青老化性能改善。     

多聚磷酸改性沥青改性机制

为了研究多聚磷酸(PPA)对沥青的改性作用,分别制备了掺量为0.5%、1%、1.5%和2%(PPA与基体沥青的质量比)的PPA改性沥青。三大指标实验结果显示,随着PPA掺量的增加,针入度减小,软化点升高,延度减小,说明在沥青中掺入PPA使沥青高温性能得到改善而低温性能略有减弱。通过四组分分析(SARA)发现随着PPA掺量的增加,沥青中的胶质逐渐减少,沥青质逐渐增多,饱和分与芳香分基本不变。利用FTIR发现,相比基质沥青,PPA改性沥青的红外光谱整体图线发生了迁移,且出现了新的吸收峰,说明PPA改性机制为化学改性。利用AFM得到基质沥青与PPA改性沥青的形貌与相位图,分析发现掺入PPA后相位图中连续相(para-phase)面积明显减小,而分散相(peri-phase)面积明显增加,且蜜蜂结构(catana-phase)谷地尺寸变大,说明掺入PPA后沥青中沥青质含量将会增多,而低温抗裂性将有所减弱。     

盐冻循环条件下沥青高低温性能的灰关联熵分析

利用动态剪切流变仪(DSR)和弯曲梁流变仪(BBR)对冻融循环前后的三种沥青(沥青、苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)改性沥青、胶粉改性沥青)进行测试,比较分析不同冰冻温度、融雪盐浓度、冻融循环次数下三种沥青的高低温性能变化规律,并对环境因素进行灰熵分析。结果表明:在盐冻循环条件下对沥青复合模量G*影响最大的因素是融雪盐溶液浓度,其次是10℃延度;对沥青相位角δ影响最大的因素是软化点,其次是25℃针入度;对沥青蠕变劲度模量S影响最大的因素是融雪盐溶液浓度,其次是10℃延度;对沥青蠕变速率m影响最大的因素是试验温度,其次是冰冻温度。     

多因素影响下苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物改性沥青性能分析

通过掺加不同含量糠醛抽出油、红油增塑剂与苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)改性剂,分析其对SBS改性沥青各性能指标的影响,判断影响SBS改性沥青性能的主要因素。结果表明:改性沥青中SBS改性剂含量是提高软化点、弹性恢复的主要因素;糠醛抽出油含量增大则可明显提高其延度指标,且改善SBS改性沥青的离析程度;红油增塑剂含量增大可大幅提高SBS改性沥青的延度指标,但高温性能下降且离析严重,短期老化后指标下降幅度高于同等含量抽出油老化后指标。因此可在SBS含量确定的情况下,通过掺加适当的糠醛抽出油以改善SBS改性沥青的性能。     

TerminalBlend废胶粉-纳米SiO_2改性沥青粘温关系及低温韧性

为评价废胶粉-纳米复合改性沥青的高温抗变形性、流变特性及低温韧性,制备了湿法Terminal Blend胶粉-纳米SiO_2复合改性沥青,并借助旋转粘度、针入度、软化点、5℃和15℃延度试验进行了性能表征,还基于实测表观粘度拟合了复合改性沥青粘度-温度关系。结果表明:掺加纳米SiO_2后,复合改性沥青针入度减小,软化点升高,高温抗变形性能得到改善,且纳米SiO_2掺量越大,改善越显著;纳米SiO_2掺量4%时5℃延度比未掺前提高约37.5%。此外,复合改性沥青高温粘度较基质沥青和未纳米改性时有所增加,但135℃粘度不超过1500cP,施工和易性良好;粘度数据拟合还表明在135~200℃温度域内,复合改性沥青粘温关系符合较好的指数关系。     

Investigating the effect of nanoparticles on the rutting behaviour of hot-mix asphalt

Rutting is considered as one of the major damages in asphalt mixtures. In this study, different types of nanoparticles such as TiO₂, Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃ and ZnO in different percentages were added to the base asphalt binder in order to decrease the rutting potential of hot-mix asphalt (HMA). In the first step, asphalt binder tests for characteristics such as penetration grade, ductility, softening point and viscosity were performed on the asphalt binder modified by the nanoparticles. Then, after preparing HMA samples, the static creep test was done at two stress levels at a specific temperature. Results of this study showed that using the nanoparticles improved the behavioural properties of the asphalt binder and decreased rutting in asphalt mix samples. Furthermore, scanning electron microscope images taken from the asphalt binder samples modified by the nanoparticles demonstrated that these nanoparticles were properly distributed in the asphalt binder space and had a positive effect on the rutting performance of the asphalt mixes.     

水性环氧乳化沥青固化条件和最佳配方研究

受品种繁杂的影响,目前对水性环氧乳化沥青的研究尚不够深入,应用也不多。以针入度和延度为指标,以室内试验为基础,系统地研究了水性环氧乳化沥青固化条件以及水性环氧树脂和固化剂掺量对乳化沥青性能的影响,以此确定水性环氧乳化沥青的固化条件和最佳配方。结果表明:在120℃的温度条件下,水性环氧乳化沥青的固化时间为6h;水性环氧乳化沥青的最佳配方为乳化沥青85%、水性环氧树脂11.1%~11.5%、固化剂3.5%~3.9%,在此条件下,水性环氧乳化沥青蒸发残留物的针入度(25℃)为88.0(0.1mm)、延度(5℃)为96mm、软化点为49.8℃。     

介孔硅藻改性沥青机制与改性沥青性能

以介孔硅藻为改性剂改性制备了不同掺量的介孔硅改性沥青,通过IR、SEM、OM对其改性过程及其改性机制进行了微观分析,并根据IR、SEM以及沥青四组分的分析结果绘制出改性过程模型图,利用TG及针入度、软化点、延度等测试方法对不同掺量介孔硅改性沥青与原质沥青的相关性能进行了比较。结果表明:介孔硅改性沥青的过程没有明显的化学变化,主要为介孔硅物理吸附沥青的过程,介孔硅由于多孔、比表面积大的特性更易吸收沥青中流动性强、分子量小的溶剂组分(饱和组分及芳香组分)到其内部孔隙和周围,它们在温度降低时冷凝硬化与介孔硅相互固定形成均匀稳定的整体,这是介孔硅改性沥青高温性能提高的主要原因;介孔硅藻的掺量与改性沥青性能并不呈正相关,改性沥青的温度敏感性和低温性能会随着掺量的增加而变差,介孔硅质量分数为13%时,介孔硅改性沥青的综合性能相对较好。     

橡胶沥青性能测试技术的应用

本文通过调查研究国内外评价橡胶沥青的常规技术指标体系,室内采用8种不同基质沥青制备橡胶沥青,基于国内外规范中的针入度、锥入度、延度、软化点、弹性恢复、回弹恢复、Brookfield旋转黏度及剪切流变（DSR）试验等对橡胶沥青性能进行了评价,重点分析基质沥青四组分与各检测指标之间的相关性。研究表明：橡胶粉的溶胀作用不充分会导致针入度和延度的试验结果误差较大,针入度和延度指标评价橡胶沥青缺乏科学性;小锥小皿试验数据稳定性较强,能够有效评价橡胶沥青抗剪切流变性能;回弹恢复能够有效评价橡胶沥青在较小变形范围内的弹性恢复能力;橡胶沥青线弹性范围确定为20%~30%;基于DSR试验进行的应变扫描试验、温度扫描试验、频率扫描试验和滞回环试验等够显著区分橡胶粉与基质沥青的配伍性,由重复蠕变试验测得的零剪切黏度（ZSV）能够合理评价橡胶沥青高温性能;采用多变量回归分析和灰色关联分别评价基质沥青四组分与各项性能指标间的相关性,其中沥青质和饱和分关联程度较高; 60℃车辙因子与基质沥青四组分的相关系数达0.900,60℃复数弹性模量和ZSV与基质沥青四组分的相关系数高达0.9999和1.0。     

Effects of recycling agents on aged asphalt binders and reclaimed asphalt concrete

This paper aims to study the effect of adding different ratios (from 10 to 40%) of three recycling agents (RAs), including RA-25, RA-75 and RA-250, to the reclaimed asphalt binder (RAB) with a viscosity of 42800 poises and also to the reclaimed asphalt concrete (RAC) according to the Marshall mix design method. The study includes a variety of tests designed to determine the difference between the three RAs in terms of penetration, viscosity, softening point, ductility, toughness of the asphalt binder, as well as indirect tensile strength, and stability value of Marshall specimens. The results show that adding the RA increased the cohesiveness of RAB and thus improved the applicability of RAB. Of the three RAs in this study, RA-25 offered the best performance when added to asphalt binder. This study proposes a recycling model to predict the changes in RAB viscosity when adding RAs. The results of this model show a close fit with experimental data from laboratory tests. This model allows highway engineers to estimate the amount of RA added to aged binder. Marshall tests show that the RA-75 specimen had higher indirect tensile strength and stability value than the RA-25 and RA-250 specimens. Based on overall performance and cost comparisons among the three RAs, this study regards RA-75 as the RA of choice.     

Cracking of asphalt at low temperature as related to bitumen rheology

A laboratory investigation of the influence of bitumen rheology on low temperature behaviour of asphalt mixtures is described. Five bitumens from four sources and three different mixture types were studied. Rheological characteristics of the binders were measured using conventional methods (penetration, softening point and viscosity) as well as dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Low temperature properties of asphalt characterized by the fracture temperature were measured using thermal stress restrained specimen test (TSRST). Statistically significant relations between rheological characteristics of bitumens and TSRST fracture temperatures of asphalt specimens were established. © 1998 Chapman & Hall     

Effect of ageing and temperature on the fatigue behaviour of bitumens

Bitumen ageing plays a significant role in determining the resistance of asphalt mixes to fatigue cracking. Regardless of the type of ageing (oxidation during manufacture or during the service life), hardening effects increase the risk of cracking. The objective of this work is to examine the combined effect of the loss of volatiles and oxidation produced during ageing on the fatigue behaviour of the bitumen. To this end, different types of bitumen were subjected to accelerated ageing in the laboratory, simulating long-term ageing (RTFOT + PAV). They were then subjected to traditional tests (penetration, softening point, Fraass fragility point, dynamic viscosity, etc.), Dynamic Shear Rheometer tests (frequency and temperature sweep), and the EBADE test (a fatigue strain sweep test at different temperatures). Different temperatures have been used to evaluate the effect of visco-elastic phenomena on aged binder fatigue. The results showed that, in terms of their response to ageing, modified binders show a higher rate of variation in their general properties than conventional binders. In addition, it was shown that temperature plays an important role in the impact of ageing on the fatigue response of bituminous binders, and in the same way, in the mechanical response of these materials.     

硅藻土与蒙脱土协同改善SBS改性沥青性能的研究

为探明硅藻土与蒙脱土协同使用对SBS改性沥青性能的影响,本文通过熔融共混法制备了不同配比的硅藻土/蒙脱土/SBS改性沥青。采用常规物理性能测试、动态剪切流变实验、压力老化和紫外老化实验对硅藻土/蒙脱土/SBS改性沥青的物理、流变和老化性能进行了评价,并利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分析了老化过程中改性沥青化学结构的变化。研究表明,硅藻土与蒙脱土协同使用,不仅提高了SBS改性沥青的软化点与黏度,改善了SBS改性沥青的高温抗变形能力,而且有效降低了蒙脱土对SBS改性沥青低温抗裂性能的不利影响,并能够明显减小压力老化和紫外老化对SBS改性沥青软化点和黏度的负面影响,大幅度提高其延度保留率。蒙脱土掺量为1.5%时,硅藻土的适宜掺量为6%。FTIR分析表明,硅藻土与蒙脱土协同使用抑制了SBS改性沥青压力老化和紫外老化后羰基指数的增加与丁二烯指数的降低,增强了SBS改性沥青的抗老化能力。