再析避雷针(线)防直击雷作用

从影响避雷针（线）保护范围主要因素及其无法定量等方面说明了世界各国的避雷针（线）保护范围计算方法均是经验公式,并就GB 50057—1994选用外国经验公式提出质疑;同时指出避雷针（线）保护范围的绕击率除应经理论、实验室分析研究外还要靠实践运行统计分析得出,并分析了实际工程中不宜设置较高的独立避雷针（线）,非金属结构屋顶应用避雷网,不宜用避雷针的原因。     

基于GIS平台对防绕击侧针应用方案的研究

微地形是影响绕击跳闸率的一个重要的因素.因此,防绕击侧针的应用必需考虑微地形的影响.基于地理信息系统(GIS)提出了考虑各种微地形条件下(线路大跨越河流、山谷,沿着山脊、山腰走向等)防绕击侧针的应用方案.并结合500 kV架空输电线路进行实例分析.研究表明此方案直观、形象,且易于对防雷措施进行管理,对实际防雷工程有参考价值.     

变电站雷电侵入波保护的仿真分析

针对一220 KV变电站的雷电侵入波保护进行仿真分析.考虑变电站雷击过电压最严重的一线一变的运行方式,对近区和远区雷击(即考虑到雷直击于变电站入口处及变电站进线段2 km处),母线加设避雷器和不加设避雷器进行比较分析.结果表明近区雷击产生较高的过电压,母线装设避雷器能有效抑制过电压,满足绝缘要求.     

别把避雷针(线)保护范围"绝对化"

分析了避雷针(线)的防雷保护原理和影响避雷针(线)保护范围的主要因素,认为：1)当今国内外所有避雷针(线)防雷保护范围的计算公式都是经验公式,这是因为影响着避雷针(线)防雷效应的主要因素无法定量;2)所谓避雷针(线)保护范围是相对于被保护物在此空间内遭受雷击的概率而言的,各种文献规定的保护范围不同,是因允许遭受雷击概率不同;3)不能把避雷针(线)保护范围“绝对化”。     

变电站直击雷保护分析

为了防止雷电灾害,保证电力系统安全稳定运行,阐述了变电站的直击雷保护措施和保护作用原理,提出了防雷措施,用折线法对单避雷针(线)保护范围及双避雷针(线)构成的联合保护进行了分析。分析结果表明,变电所内的所有设备及建筑物在避雷针(线)的保护范围之内能够避免遭受直击雷的威胁,同时应将接地装置的接地电阻降低到规程允许值,保证避雷针(线)与临近的配电装置及建筑物的安全距离。     

基于雷电预警的UHVDC系统主动雷击防护策略

提出了基于降压运行和直流紧急功率支援的主动防护思路,分析了在特高压直流输电系统遭受雷击故障时2种方法提高电网安全运行能力的作用。利用PSASP建立了四川电网丰大运行方式下包含特高压直流输电通道的仿真模型,基于系统稳定性判据,仿真分析了雷击造成各条特高压直流输电通道单极/双极闭锁时,降压运行控制和直流紧急功率支援控制对送端电网安全稳定性的影响。研究结果对确保含特高压直流输电系统的电网安全稳定运行具有参考价值。     

基于ATP的超高压变电站二次设备防雷保护的仿真

雷区某500 kV变电站发生的2次雷击事故分析出:第1次是雷电流入侵远动控制屏的二次回路,造成线路开关屏跳闸事故;第2次雷击事故造成后台监控系统异常.判断是该变电站二次系统等电位接地方式有问题,二次装置两端存在电位差,使二次装置损坏.变电站二次设备有浮点接地、一点接地和多点接地3种方式.分析了串联一点接地和并联一点接地,并联一点接地目前在变电站二次设备中广泛采用.在ATP图形预处理程序中建立并联一点接地仿真模型,采用Slope-Ramp)模拟通过避雷器泄漏到变电站地网中的雷电流进行了仿真.研究得出,在变电站二次设备中采用高、低频混合信号接地系统,真正做到二次设备之间等电位连接是避免事故的关键.     

Effective lightning protection schemes for distribution line

The causes of lightning outage are subdivided into direct lightning strokes and induced lightning strokes, which are identified by the characteristics of the lightning overvoltage. In the past, lightning protection devices were directed mainly toward the latter, and attention has been focused on the installation of lightning protection devices, ground wires, and reinforcement of insulators. However, lightning outages continue to occur. Thus it is extremely important to clarify the fault characteristics of lightning surges and to study the effectiveness of various lightning protection devices by considering both direct lightning stroke and induced lightning stroke in order to prevent lightning outage in the future. In this research, the electromagnetic transients program (EMTP) has been applied to the direct lightning stroke, and the induced lightning outage analysis program for multiple conductor systems has been applied to the induced lightning stroke to study the effectiveness of lightning protection devices provided by combination of various lightning protection devices. The most effective lightning protection schemes are analyzed and evaluated based on verification tests on the full scale models as well as economic considerations.     

通信防雷的技术措施

通信系统的防雷设计和电磁干扰防护是保护通信线路、设备及人身安全的重要手段,也是通信网正常运行不可缺少的技术环节.文章首先说明了雷击对通信设备产生的危害,强调了防雷的重要性,并从通信设备和环境防雷入手,重点阐述了防雷的主要技术措施.     

Experiments on lightning protection for automatic weather stations using artificially triggered lightning

This paper focuses on the voltages electromagnetically induced by the multiple return strokes involved in a triggered lightning on an overhead power line and a vertical signal line of an automatic weather station (AWS), and the backflow currents and residual voltages in a surge protection device (SPD) embedded in the power line. Pulses of voltage on the overhead power line corresponding to the return strokes with the peak currents ranging from −6.67 to −26.47 kA showed bipolar features. Subpeaks and main peaks ranged from 0.99 to 4.47 kV and from −4.98 to −10.31 kV, respectively. The voltage waveforms corresponding to the return strokes on the vertical signal line of wind speed were of two types: with and without a subpeak after the main peak. All the main peaks, with the peak value from −0.41 to −3.10 kV, were ‘V’ shaped. A significant relationship exists between the peak currents of the return strokes and the 10–90% average gradients of the voltages. The peaks of currents through the SPD ranged from −0.22 to −1.64 kA. The durations of residual voltages ranged from 0.6 to 5.9 ms, average value being 2.1 ms. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

通信防雷的技术措施

通信系统的防雷设计和电磁干扰防护是保护通信线路、设备及人身安全的重要手段，也是通信网正常运行不可缺少的技术环节。文章首先说明了雷击对通信设备产生的危害，强调了防雷的重要性，并从通信设备和环境防雷入手，重点阐述了防雷的主要技术措施。     

同塔双回线路防雷综述

随着同塔双回线路的大量投运,预防雷跳闸对稳定运行愈显重要,对国内外同塔双回线路运用较多的国家及省份在同塔双回线路防雷措施的应用进行了调查和分析,提出了影响同塔双回线路雷击跳闸的因素和防雷建议.     

Design criteria for lightning protection of HV substations

Methods that designers may use to account for substation reliability when adopting insulation coordination strategy are discussed. The choice of criteria is described in terms of the mean time between failures (MTBF). The methods for calculating the MTBF are explored considering several viewpoints: separation and limiting distances, the risk of failure and equipment lifetime, failure rate of substation and system components, substation outage effects, and system outage severity. Procedures for computation of limiting distance and MTBF, including numerical examples, are given     

Experimental study of lightning rods using long sparks in air

This paper describes a series of long spark investigations that were carried out to study the leader initiation process, strike probabilities and the protection area of lightning rods. The tests involved the breakdown of different configurations of air gaps, 5-26 m in length, using lightning rods of differing geometries. The objectives of these tests were to: (i) obtain an estimate of the "critical radius" using an inverted rod-plane configuration and compare this with previous values; (ii) investigate the effectiveness of "sharp" vs "blunt" lightning rods as strike receptors; (iii) obtain estimates of some of the streamer-leader parameters that are important in studies of lightning attachment; and (iv) develop new ways of testing lightning rods with long sparks. Estimates of the critical radius were found to he a little lower than previous values, a recommendation is made with respect to the minimum air gap for "competition tests" between lightning rods, a minimum current condition and critical streamer length is specified for leader inception from lightning rods, and a novel experimental configuration is proposed, tested and discussed.     

220 kV变电所防雷保护

从220 kV变电所内避雷器的保护作用、进线段的保护、变压器的防雷保护等几方面进行阐述。并对避雷器的运行维护管理提出具体可行的办法。     

特高压线路的避雷线保护范围设计

目前,在特高压线路的避雷线保护范围设计中,仍采用传统的不考虑特高压导线电压影响的方法,可能使特高压线路避雷线的实际保护范围满足不了高可靠性防雷设计的要求。为了解决这一问题,在特高压线路的避雷线保护范围设计中,考虑特高压导线电压的影响,提出以特高压导线的最小对地空气间隙距离为半径,构成特高压导线的等效绝缘截面,并设计该等效绝缘截面位于避雷线的保护范围之内。计算结果表明,若不考虑特高压导线电压的影响,特高压线路的避雷线保护范围将存在严重的安全隐患。     

变电站二次系统防雷保护初探

变电站二次设备的防雷保护是一个新的课题．其设计思想强调以电子信息系统为保护核心,为被保护设备构建一个均压等电位系统,并通过各级电涌保护器．逐级把雷电流泄放入大地。广东省广电集团有限公司汕尾供电分公司在对110kV汕尾变电站进行自动化改造的工程实践中．根据以上设计原则并结合实际情况对变电站二次设备防雷进行选型设计,提高了系统的运行安全性和可靠性。     

变电站防雷探讨

探讨了雷电产生的原因和对变电站的主要危害,对变电站内一次设备和二次设备的保护措施进行了探讨。     

多要素防雷装置综合测试仪研发

针对现行防雷检测中检查和测试的防雷装置种类多、测点分散、方法复杂、检测测试记录、数据存储表格自动化程度不高、数据判定客观化欠缺的问题,将防雷装置检测技术与计算机和通信技术相结合, 以STM32单片机为核心,采用现代电子技术和数据处理算法,研发了多要素防雷装置综合测试仪。实现了防雷检测数据自动显示记录、存储、调用以及与雷电防护业务控制系统实时信息交互功能。现场测试数据表明,采用综合测试仪所测量得到的SPD、接地电阻和土壤电阻率等参数分别与现有单要素测试仪器CJ1007和ETCR 3000B所得数据进行比较,一致性较好,测试精度达到了设计要求,所研发的测试仪已应用实际工作中,受到了客户的好评。     

The basis of conventional lightning protection systems

The study of lightning protection system design encompasses nearly 300 years. Yet, many of the original sources for common design practices used today remain obscure. This paper traces the significant developments in lightning protection from the late 1700s to the modern day. Emphasis is placed on significant events in the history that have had direct consequences in the establishment of design practices for lightning protection. It is also demonstrated that many of the design practices used today were subject to significant scrutiny and empirical qualification. Our intent is to familiarize the student of lightning protection design with the original literature, testing, and other noteworthy contributions to the design of effective lightning protection systems.