基于模糊核超球的快速分类算法在股票预测中的应用

基于SVM（支持向量机）的SVDD（支持向量数据描述）分类算法存在计算复杂、分类准确率较低的缺陷, 针对股票数据非线性、高噪声的特点, 在传统的SVDD分类算法基础上, 模糊核超球快速分类算法（FCABFKH）通过合并法寻找超球集, 并依据最大隶属度原则构建分类器, 排除了离群点和超球集的重叠问题, 同时避免了复杂的二次规划, 具有分类速度快, 分类结果准确率高的特点。采用中国沪市上市公司数据验证该方法的有效性, 实验结果表明, 运用FCABFKH算法得到的组合回报率超过了市场基准。     

分布熵惩罚的支持向量数据描述

针对支持向量数据描述（SVDD）对惩罚参数相当敏感的问题,提出一种新颖的异常检测方法,称为分布熵惩罚的支持向量数据描述（DEP-SVDD）。首先,将正常样本作为数据的全局分布,并在高斯核空间中定义每个样本点与正常样本分布中心的距离度量;然后,基于该距离设计评估样本点属于正常或异常样本的概率;最后,利用此概率构造基于分布熵的惩罚度以对相应的样本进行惩罚。在9个真实数据集上,将所提方法与SVDD、密度权的支持向量数据描述 （DW-SVDD）、位置正则的支持向量数据描述（P-SVDD）、K最近邻（KNN）和孤立森林（iForest）算法进行对比实验,结果表明DEP-SVDD在6个数据集上获得了最高的分类精度,可见相较于多种异常检测方法,DEP-SVDD在异常检测中具有更好的性能优势。     

基于核空间相对密度的SVDD多类分类算法*

针对现有基于支持向量数据描述(SVDD)的多类分类算法未能充分利用重叠区域样本分布信息等问题,提出了一种基于核空间相对密度的SVDD多类分类算法DM-SVDD。该算法首先由SVDD确定包围每类数据的最小超球,然后计算位于最小超球重叠区域中每个样本在其同类样本间的相对密度,最后以各类样本相对密度的均值为标准,对重叠区域内的待测样本进行分类。实验结果表明,算法DM-SVDD是可行有效的。     

多核支持向量数据描述分类方法研究

核函数、惩罚因子、核参数是影响支持向量数据描述（SVDD）分类方法分类效果的重要因素。研究了多核支持向量数据描述（MKSVDD）分类方法,给出了多核支持向量数据描述分类方法的实现步骤,基于banana数据集分析了惩罚因子和核参数对分类效果的影响,重点讨论了多核函数的权值对支持向量数据描述边界分布的影响。仿真实验结果表明,与单核支持向量数据描述分类方法相比较,多核支持向量数据描述分类方法的分类效果更佳,为实际应用时参数的选择提供了参考。     

基于概率的支持向量数据描述方法

针对目前概率机器学习方法在解决概率问题时具有较高的复杂度,而传统的支持向量数据描述（SVDD）作为一种核密度估计方法只能判断测试样本是否属于该类等问题,提出一种基于概率的支持向量数据描述方法。首先,利用传统的SVDD方法分别得到两类数据的数据描述,计算测试样本到超球体的距离;然后,构造一个将距离转换为概率的函数,提出一种基于概率的SVDD方法;同时,使用Bagging算法进行集成,进一步提高数据描述的性能。借鉴分类场景,将所提方法与传统的SVDD方法在Gunnar Raetsch的13种基准数据集上进行实验,实验结果表明,所提方法在准确率和F1值上优于传统的SVDD方法,并且其数据描述的性能有所提升。     

基于超椭球分类面的SVDD快速决策方法

针对现有支持向量数据描述(SVDD)快速决策方法在检测不同分布特性的未知样本时分类精度低下的问题,提出基于超椭球分类面的SVDD(HE-SVDD)快速决策方法.该方法通过构建超椭球分类面,提高了不同分布类型数据的分类精度,同时将SVDD的决策复杂度从$O(n)$降低到O(2)(n为支持向量数量).首先研究超球分类面快速决策方法的局限性,进而给出超椭球分类面的构建方法.在多种数据集上的实验结果表明,HE-SVDD可以在很大程度上提升现有快速决策方法的分类精度和适用数据类型.     

支持向量数据描述的基因表达数据聚类方法

为改善传统的基因表达数据聚类方法正确率偏低的问题,研究了支持向量数据描述（SVDD）算法在基因表达数据聚类中的应用,该方法通过寻找最优分类超球实现对数据集的有效聚类.将类间信息融入聚类有效性评估准则中,通过模拟退火优化算法寻找SVDD算法中的最优核函数参数和惩罚因子,在训练时引入非样本数据提高运算效率.对酵母细胞生长周期的基因表达数据集的仿真实验结果表明,在新的聚类有效性评估准则下进行参数寻优,能够更快更好地得到最佳参数,同时,算法具有聚类精度高和运算速度快的优点.     

一种双超球数据域描述模型

针对支持向量数据描述(SVDD)在训练学习时表现出的性能退化、鲁棒性差、分类间隔为零以及容易产生过学习等问题,提出一种双超球数据域描述(DSHDD)模型。在支持向量数据描述小包围球的基础上,设计一个大包围球,通过双包围球将数据分割成正常区域、异常区域、拒绝区域。实验结果验证了提出方法的适应性和有效性。     

改进的基于K均值聚类的SVDD学习算法

针对基于K均值聚类的支持向量数据描述（SVDD）学习算法（KMSVDD）识别精度低于传统SVDD学习算法的问题,提出一种改进算法。将各聚类簇中支持向量合并学习生成中间模型,从支持向量以外的非支持向量数据中找出违背中间模型KKT条件的学习数据,并将这些数据与聚类簇中支持向量合并学习继而得到最终学习模型。实验结果证明,该改进算法的计算开销与KMSVDD相近,但识别精度却高于KMSVDD,与传统SVDD相近。     

多分类SVDD混叠域识别的模拟电路故障诊断

JP+1]针对多分类支持向量域数据描述(SVDD)方法中混叠样本诊断精度差的问题,提出了一种带异类样本的多分类SVDD算法;该方法在普通SVDD超球模型基础上,对于存在混叠区域的类别,以该类所有样本为目标类,其他类与之混叠的样本为异类,利用带异类样本的SVDD算法重新训练,直至所有超球优化完毕;仿真实验验证了文章算法消除混叠和提高精度的能力,并将该算法应用于模拟电路故障诊断中;相较与SVDD多分类算法、一对一和一对多SVM算法,文章方法在模拟电路故障诊断中具有更高的诊断精度。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.