土壤热释汞测量在陕西勉略宁西部铜镍多金属矿区找矿预测中的应用

陕西省勉阳何家垭研究区位于秦岭山脉中段,处于勉略构造带、青川-阳平关断裂带、岷山-虎牙断裂带三者之间,区内地质作用复杂构造发育,区域成矿潜力巨大,为此在该区已知矿化点上进行了土壤热释汞可行性实验研究工作.采用了常规土壤吸附相态汞方法对土壤中的汞元素进行分析,利用由已知推测未知的实验原则确定出最佳实验温度为280℃,并根...     

湘西─黔东汞矿带硒的赋存特征

在湘西—黔东汞矿带中，硒主要替代硫以类质同象的形式存在于辰砂中，少部分见于黑辰砂和硒汞矿中。辰砂中硒含量的高低与其颜色、晶形、粒度、生成期以及产出部位有关。硒是湘黔汞矿带标型微量指示元素。     

新疆巴孜勒阔腊地区土壤地球化学特征及找矿潜力

在巴孜勒阔腊地区1∶2.5万土壤地球化学测量基础上,运用相关分析、聚类分析等多元统计方法得出:Au与Bi相关性很好,Au成矿有利;结合地层、岩性、构造等有利控矿因素综合评判主成矿元素异常,圈定2个综合异常带。Ⅰ号异常带内地表浅部以下可能有金矿化体的存在。Ⅱ号异常带内Bi和Au异常叠加较好,表现为金矿近矿晕和尾晕叠加,表明晚期形成的矿化体有可能在地表以下浅部。该区具有较好的找矿潜力,是寻找石英脉型和蚀变砂岩型金矿的有利地区。     

青海五龙沟矿集区典型金矿床深部盲矿预测构造叠加晕模型

五龙沟地区是青海省昆中构造成矿带的重要组成部分,该区金矿床严格受构造带控制,为典型蚀变岩型金矿床。区内典型金矿床地球化学和构造叠加晕特征研究表明:矿床具有Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn、As、Sb、Bi、Hg、W、Mo、B、Co、Ni、V等多元素组合特点,主要金矿体赋矿构造带原生晕轴向分带规律表现为金矿体前缘指示元素为As、Sb、Hg、B,近矿指示元素为Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn,尾晕指示元素为Bi、Mo、Mn、Co。在总结构造叠加晕预测标志基础上,建立了盲矿预测的构造叠加晕模型,通过赋矿构造带构造叠加晕特征研究,进一步圈定了深部找矿靶位。     

双道原子荧光光谱法测定土壤中汞

采用沸水浴消解,用硝酸(3+1)对土壤中样品进行前处理,并用硼氢化钾(0.5g/L)作还原剂,硝酸(1%)作载液进行测定,建立了双道原子荧光光谱法测定土壤中汞的方法。对灯电流、负高压等参数进行优化。结果表明:经多个土壤成分分析标准物质验证,方法的检出限为0.000 7mg/kg,相对标准偏差为3.9%,加标回收率为95.4%~101%,方法简单、准确度高,适合于土壤中微量汞的测定。     

河南老里湾银铅锌矿床原生晕分带特征及深部矿体预测

老里湾银铅锌矿床是近年来在河南崤山断裂东部地区新发现的一处大型矿床,矿体呈囊状、似层状、透镜状等不规则形态产出,主要受北西向F1断裂构造蚀变带及次级断裂控制。为了探讨矿体向深部延伸情况和盲矿体位置,文章选取F1断层内A-A’剖面上的4个钻孔岩心进行原生晕分带特征研究,运用格里戈良分带指数法和数理统计法对F1-1矿体的原生晕特征进行了详细的研究。发现该矿体的原生晕分带明显,前缘元素为As、Sb、Hg,近矿晕元素为Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn,尾晕元素为W、Sn、Bi、Cr、Ni;轴(垂)向分带序列为:W-Sn-Cd-Ni-Sb-Cu-Ag-Au-Hg-Zn-As-Pb,出现了W、Sn、Cd、Ni等尾晕元素在上部和Hg、As等前缘晕元素及Zn、Pb等近矿晕元素在下部的"反向分带"现象,结合成矿元素和前缘晕元素在矿体下部异常值较高,推断深部存在隐伏矿体。并建立了深部矿体预测模型,初步认为矿床深部的西北侧存在着斑岩型铜(金)-钼(钨、锡)盲矿体。     

豫西栾川县潭玉沟银矿床构造叠加晕特征及找矿靶区预测

基于潭玉沟S101银矿床特征及热液成矿理论,选取As、Sb、Hg为银矿的前缘晕特征指示元素,选取Ag、Cu、Pb为近矿指示元素,选取W、Mo、Bi、Sn为尾晕特征指示元素。构造叠加晕研究表明,矿体内前缘晕与尾晕叠加,原生晕轴向分带序列出现反分带,反映了多次矿化叠加。运用构造叠加晕盲矿体预测标志,对S101-Ⅰ号矿体深部找矿有利区进行了预测研究,提出了1处找矿靶区。     

化妆品中汞检测技术的应用及发展趋势分析

物质经济的高速发展,让越来越多的人开始重视自身的保养,不仅仅是通过食物保养,化妆品也成为了很多人日常生活中不可缺少的物品之一。在化妆品中,汞被列入有害物质,但是在很多化妆品中均检出汞。随着化妆品行业的高速发展,有很多化妆品厂家为了追求美白效果而大量地使用汞元素,人体过多得摄入汞,容易引起慢性中毒。本文的主要目的就是针对化妆品中汞检测技术的应用以及发展趋势进行简要分析。     

双道原子荧光光谱法同时测定土壤中总砷、总汞方法及其质量控制研究

目的：研究同时测定土壤中砷、汞的方法,以及方法中的质量保证措施。方法：采用酸提取方法测定土壤中的总砷、总汞含量,通过改变预处理条件和仪器参数得出方法的质量保证措施。结果：实验结果表明,采用王水提取-双道原子荧光法测定土壤中的总砷、总汞与消化液、称样量、消化时间、消化温度等因素有关。结论：采用王水提取-双道原子荧光光谱法测定土壤中的总砷、总汞,具有操作快捷、易于控制、准确度高等优点。     

农田土壤汞污染修复技术研究

对揭阳市某农田土壤重金属污染现状进行了研究,提出深翻混合、深翻置换和分层置换3种不同的汞污染修复技术,并在现场分别开展试验研究,对修复技术的方法、应用、效果进行了介绍.研究结果表明,采用深翻置换和分层置换技术可以达到修复目标,为今后开展农田汞污染修复治理提供借鉴意义.     

Urinary mercury in people living near point sources of mercury emissions

As part of the European Mercury Emissions from Chlor Alkali Plants (EMECAP) project, we tested the hypothesis that contamination of ambient air with mercury around chlor alkali plants using mercury cells would increase the internal dose of mercury in people living close to the plants. Mercury in urine (U-Hg) was determined in 225 individuals living near a Swedish or an Italian chlor alkali plant, and in 256 age- and sex-matched individuals from two reference areas. Other factors possibly affecting mercury exposure were examined. Emissions and concentrations of total gaseous mercury (TGM) around the plants were measured and modeled. No increase in U-Hg could be demonstrated in the populations living close to the plants. This was the case also when the comparison was restricted to subjects with no dental amalgam and low fish consumption. The emissions of mercury to air doubled the background level, but contributed only about 2 ng/m(3) to long-term averages in the residential areas. The median U-Hg levels in subjects with dental amalgam were 1.2 microg/g creatinine (micro/gC) in Italy and 0.6 microg/gC in Sweden. In individuals without dental amalgam, the medians were 0.9 microg/gC and 0.2 microg/gC, respectively. The number of amalgam fillings, as well as chewing, fish consumption, and female sex were associated with higher U-Hg. The difference between the countries is probably due to higher fish consumption in Italy, demethylated methyl mercury (MeHg) being partly excreted in urine. Post hoc power calculations showed that if the background mercury exposure is low it may be possible to demonstrate an increase in U-Hg of as little as about 10 ng/m(3) as a contribution to ambient mercury from a point source.     

Total mercury and methyl mercury levels in British estuarine and marine sediments

Total mercury and methyl mercury levels in some British estuarine and marine sediments are presented. Results are compared for estuaries of the Rivers Clyde and Mersey. These, together with data from Irish Sea sediments, are discussed in comparison with other literature values. The use of the methyl mercury to total mercury ratio is examined.     

Total mercury and methyl mercury levels in British estuarine sediments—II

Results from a large-scale study of Mersey Estuary, U.K. sediments are discussed. Correlations are drawn between total mercury, methyl mercury, silt and organic carbon contents of the sediments. These correlations are compared to earlier results, and coefficients range from 0.55 to 0.94.The influence of redox potential and the sulphide content of a sediment on both the ambient level of methyl mercury and the extent of a growth and decay effect in methyl mercury levels in sediments after sampling is discussed. The results show that in an esturary (Clyde, U.K.) where sulphide levels vary from 0 to 8.5 mg g⁻¹ there is a maximum level of methyl mercury found at approximately 5.8 mg g⁻¹ sulphide, suggesting that sulphide concentrations may control methyl mercury levels.     

Monitoring of mercury pollution in Tanzania: relation between head hair mercury and health

Through 1996 into 1997, a spot investigation on mercury contamination was conducted three times in Tanzania, especially around the Lake Victoria. A total of 150 goldminers, 103 fishermen and their families, and 19 residents of Mwanza City volunteered for the current study. A high total mercury level of 48.3 ppm (near to 50 ppm, a critical level of Minamata disease) and over in the head hair was observed in six goldminers (highest value, 953 ppm), four fishermen and their families (highest value, 416 ppm), and four Mwanza people (highest value, 474 ppm). With the exception of these 14 subjects, however, each mean total mercury level was well within the normal range (below 10 ppm). Out of the goldminers examined, 14 cases were diagnosed as a mild form of inorganic-mercury poisoning according to their clinical symptoms (such as polyneuropathy mercurialis, neuroasthemia, or tremor mercurialis) and the low ratio of methylmercury to total mercury, whereas neither inorganic-mercury poisoning nor methylmercury poisoning (Minamata disease) was noted in the fishermen and their families or in the Mwanza people. In addition, some subjects who showed a high total mercury level made habitual use of toilet soap containing much mercury. The findings obtained suggest that the mercury pollution in Tanzania is not very serious, however, it should be observed continuously.     

Bioaccumulation of mercury in benthic communities of a river ecosystem affected by mercury mining

The presence of mercury in the river Idrijca (Slovenia) is mainly due to 500 years of mercury mining in this region. In order to understand the cycling of mercury in the Idrijca ecosystem it is crucial to investigate the role of biota. This study is part of an ongoing investigation of mercury biogeochemistry in the river Idrijca, focusing on the accumulation and speciation of mercury in the lower levels of the food chain, namely filamentous algae, periphyton and macroinvertebrates. Mercury analysis and speciation in the biota and in water were performed during the spring, summer and autumn seasons at four locations on the river, representing different degrees of mercury contamination. Total (THg) and methyl mercury (MeHg) were measured. The results showed that the highest THg concentrations in biota correlate well with THg levels in sediments and water. The level of MeHg is spatially and seasonally variable, showing higher values at the most contaminated sites during the summer and autumn periods. The percentage of Hg as MeHg increases with the trophic level from water (0.1-0.8%), algae (0.5-1.3%), periphyton (1.6-8.8%) to macroinvertebrates (0.1-100%), which indicates active transformation, accumulation and magnification of mercury in the benthic organism of this heavily contaminated torrential river.     

Total mercury,methylmercury and selenium in mercury polluted areas in the province Guizhou,China

The province of Guizhou in Southwestern China is currently one of the world's most important mercury production areas. Emissions of mercury from the province to the global atmosphere have been estimated to be approximately 12% of the world total anthropogenic emissions. The main objective of this study was to assess the level of contamination with Hg in two geographical areas of Guizhou province. Mercury pollution in the areas concerned originates from mercury mining and ore processing in the area of Wanshan, while in the area of Quingzhen mercury pollution originates from the chemical industry discharging Hg through wastewaters and emissions to the atmosphere due to coal burning for electricity production. The results of this study confirmed high contamination with Hg in soil, sediments and rice in the Hg mining area in Wanshan. High levels of Hg in soil and rice were also found in the vicinity of the chemical plant in Quingzhen. The concentrations of Hg decreased with distance from the main sources of pollution considerably. The general conclusion is that Hg contamination in Wanshan is geographically more widespread, due to deposition and scavenging of Hg from contaminated air and deposition on land. In Quingzhen Hg contamination of soil is very high close to the chemical plant but the levels reach background concentrations at a distance of several km. Even though the major source of Hg in both areas is inorganic Hg, it was observed that active transformation of inorganic Hg to organic Hg species (MeHg) takes place in water, sediments and soils. The concentration of Hg in rice grains can reach up to 569 microg/kg of total Hg of which 145 microg/kg was in MeHg form. The percentage of Hg as MeHg varied from 5 to 83%. The concentrations of selenium can reach up to 16 mg/kg in soil and up to 1 mg/g in rice. A correlation exists between the concentration of Se in soil and rice, indicating that a portion of Se is bioavailable to plants. No correlation between Hg and Se in rice was found. Exposure of the local population to Hg may occur due to inhalation of Hg present in air (in particular in Hg mining area) and consumption of Hg contaminated food (in particular rice and fish) and water. Comparison of intake through these different routes showed that the values of Hg considerably exceed the USA EPA Reference Concentration (RfC) for chronic Hg exposure (RfC is 0.0004 mg/m(3)) close to the emission sources. Intake of Hg through food consumption, particularly rice and fish, is also an important route of Hg exposure in study area. In general, it can be concluded that the population mostly at risk is located in the vicinity of smelting facilities, mining activities and close to the waste disposal sites in the wider area of Wanshan. In order to assess the real level of contamination in the local population, it is recommended that biomonitoring should be performed, including Hg and MeHg measurements in hair, blood and urine samples.     

Atmospheric gaseous mercury in Northern Taiwan

The first attempt to systematically investigate the atmospheric mercury over the territory of Taiwan has been undertaken. Four sampling sites were selected in localities qualified as urban, suburban, industrial-rural and rural ones, within the northern part of Taiwan. The sites were monitored for atmospheric gaseous mercury alternately from September to December 2003 and from April to June 2004, by using a portable automated mercury analyzer Model Gardis-3. The results have shown rather high atmospheric gaseous mercury levels (up to 30 ng/m3 at the urban site, up to 22 ng/m3 at the rural site, up to 24 ng/m3 at the industrial-rural site, and up to 90 ng/m3 at the suburban site) which may indicate the presence of considerably strong point and area mercury sources whose origin still has to be detected more precisely.     

Inversion-chronopotentiometric analysis of mercury in water

We have developed a technique for determination of mercury in drinking and natural waters (0.5 μg/dm³) based on the improved method of inverse chronopotentiometry using an M-XA1000-5 analyzer. The article has discussed the expediency of using this method for monitoring the state of the environment.     

Chelate-assisted phytoextraction of mercury in biosolids

Mercury contaminated stockpiles of biosolids (8.4 mg kg^− 1 Hg) from Melbourne Water's Western Treatment Plant (MW-WTP) were investigated to evaluate the possibility of their Hg chelate-assisted phytoextraction. The effects of ammonium thiosulphate (NH₄)₂S₂O₃, cysteine (Cys), nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), and potassium iodide (KI) were studied to mobilize Hg and to increase its uptake in plant shoots. Three plant species were selected for this study, one herbaceous and two grasses: Atriplex codonocarpa, Austrodanthonia caespitosa and Vetiveria zizanioides. KI proved to be the best candidate for Hg phytostabilization in biosolids because it facilitated the concentration of this metal mainly in roots. (NH₄)₂S₂O₃ was shown to be the most effective chelating agent among those tested for Hg phytoextraction as it allowed the highest translocation of Hg into the above-ground tissues of the selected plant species. The phytoextraction conditions using A. caespitosa as the best performing plant species were optimized at an (NH₄)₂S₂O₃ concentration of 27 mmol kg^− 1 and contact time with biosolids of seven day. Monitoring of the Hg concentration in biosolids and in leachate water during a 9-day treatment revealed that the biosolids Hg concentration decreased significantly after the first day of treatment and then it decreased only slightly with time reaching a value of 5.6 mg kg^− 1 Hg at the end of the 9-day period. From the corresponding results obtained for the leachate water, it was suggested that a relatively large fraction of Hg (0.7 mg kg^− 1 Hg) was promptly mobilized and consequently the plants were able to take up the metal and translocate it into shoots.     

Human accumulation of mercury in Greenland

In the Arctic, the traditional diet exposes its people to a high intake of mercury especially from marine mammals. To determine whether the mercury is accumulated in humans, we analyzed autopsy samples of liver, kidney and spleen from adult ethnic Greenlanders who died between 1990 and 1994 from a wide range of causes, natural and violent. Liver, kidney and spleen samples from between 33 and 71 case subjects were analyzed for total mercury and methylmercury, and liver samples also for selenium. Metal levels in men and women did not differ and were not related to age except in one case, i.e. for total mercury in liver, where a significant declining concentration with age was observed. The highest total mercury levels were found in kidney followed by liver and spleen. Methylmercury followed the same pattern, but levels were much lower, constituting only 19% of the total mercury concentration in liver and spleen and as little as 3% in kidney. In liver selenium was found in surplus to mercury on a molar basis. Mercury concentrations in the liver and kidneys of Greenlanders were elevated compared to levels in the general population in Japan, Korea and several European countries, except in the Faroe Islands where mercury levels were 2-3 times higher. This is in accordance with the expected exposure of mercury in the diet.