发酵法制备雷竹笋膳食纤维的工艺研究

以雷竹笋渣为原料,以1∶1比例混合的保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌作为发酵菌种,以液料比、发酵温度、发酵时间、菌种接种量对膳食纤维得率的影响为评价指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验优化发酵法制备雷竹笋渣膳食纤维的工艺条件。结果表明,发酵法制备雷竹笋渣膳食纤维的最佳工艺为：接种量为4%,发酵温度为40 ℃,发酵时间为24 h,液料比为10.0∶1(mL∶g),在此条件下制备的膳食纤维得率为(80.20±0.60)%,其持水力、溶胀性、结合水力以及阳离子交换能力分别为7.68 g/g、5.53 mL/g、5.47 g/g、0.39 mmol/g。雷竹笋渣经发酵后,膳食纤维的纯度和物化性质均得到一定的提高,表明发酵法是一种可行的膳食纤维制备方法。     

发酵法制备芒果皮膳食纤维工艺研究

以芒果皮为原料,以1∶1比例混合的保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌作为发酵菌种,以菌种接种量、发酵温度、发酵时间对膳食纤维得率的影响为评价指标,通过单因素实验和正交实验对发酵法制备芒果皮膳食纤维的工艺条件进行优化。结果表明,发酵法制备芒果皮膳食纤维的最佳工艺为:接种量3%,发酵温度38℃,发酵时间3 h,在此条件下制备的膳食纤维得率为31.74%,其总膳食纤维含量为68.00%,持水力、持油力、溶胀度分别为11.19 g/g、5.11 g/g、1.07 m L/g,与发酵前相比,均有明显提高,进一步说明发酵法是一种可行的芒果皮膳食纤维制备方法。     

混合发酵法制备韭籽粕水溶性膳食纤维

采用混合发酵法,从韭籽粕中制备水溶性膳食纤维。通过单因素试验确定料液比、发酵时间、混合菌体积比例和接种量的最适水平,再通过L9(34)正交试验确定最佳工艺条件。混合发酵法制备韭籽粕水溶性膳食纤维的最佳工艺为:料液比为1∶20(g/m L),发酵时间72 h,混合菌体积比例2∶1,接种量为10%,水溶性膳食纤维的得率达到33.28%。通过混合发酵法制备的水溶性膳食纤维溶胀度和持水力分别达到11.52 m L/g和7.32 g/g,符合高品质膳食纤维的要求。     

乳酸菌发酵法制备茶渣可溶性膳食纤维的工艺研究

以茶渣为原料,采用保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌(1:1)混合菌为发酵菌种,研究以微生物发酵法制备茶渣可溶性膳食纤维(SDF)的最佳工艺参数.通过单因素实验,探讨了接种量、发酵温度、发酵时间和料液比等因素对发酵工艺的影响,利用L9(34)正交实验对茶渣SDF的制备工艺进行优化.结果表明:发酵法制备茶渣SDF的最佳工艺条件为:接种量为3％,发酵温度40℃,发酵时间25h,料液比1∶10(g/mL),在此条件下得到的茶渣SDF的平均得率可达10.99％.     

发酵法制备葛根渣膳食纤维及其酥性饼干的研制

葛根渣为原料,以1∶1比例混合的保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌作为发酵菌种,以发酵温度、发酵时间、菌种接种量对膳食纤维提取率的影响为评价指标,通过单因素试验和Box-Behnken响应面法优化发酵法制备葛根渣膳食纤维的工艺条件及膳食纤维酥性饼干的配方。结果表明,发酵法制备葛根渣膳食纤维的最佳工艺为:发酵温度35℃,发酵时间23.5 h,接种量5%(含活菌1.43×107CFU),在此条件下制备的膳食纤维得率为(79.2±0.21)%,其持水力、溶胀性、结合水力分别为(7.26±0.13)g/g、(5.79±0.06)m L/g、(5.82±0.15)g/g。酥性饼干的配方为膳食纤维添加量6%,疏松剂配比1.8,食用油添加量30%。葛根渣经发酵后,膳食纤维的纯度和物化性质均得到一定的提高,其酥性饼干感官品质良好,硬度明显提升,为葛根综合开发利用提供借鉴。     

微生物发酵法制取葡萄皮渣膳食纤维的工艺优化

以酿酒葡萄皮渣为原料,采用保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌混合菌为发酵菌种,以发酵温度、发酵时间、接种量及料液比对水溶性膳食纤维(SDF)得率的影响为考察指标,通过单因素试验和均匀试验优化微生物发酵法制取葡萄皮渣膳食纤维的工艺。结果显示：发酵法制取葡萄皮渣膳食纤维的最佳工艺条件为：发酵温度40℃、发酵时间21h、接种量1%、料液比1:10,在此条件下得到SDF产率为(17.25±0.23)%,所制葡萄皮渣膳食纤维素的膨胀力、持水力和持油力分别为3.38mL/g、4.32g/g和1.87g/g,与原料相比膳食纤维的纯度和理化性质均得到一定提高。微生物发酵法制备膳食纤维的同时能有效提高其品质指标,是一种较好的高品质膳食纤维制备方法。     

发酵法提取板栗壳水溶性膳食纤维及脱色工艺的研究

以板栗壳为原料,通过对枯草芽孢杆菌发酵提取水溶性膳食纤维(SDF)的工艺进行研究,考察了原料粒度、料液比、接种量及发酵时间对水溶性膳食纤维得率的影响。研究结果表明,发酵法提取板栗壳SDF最佳条件为原料粒度0.180 mm、料液比1∶55(g/mL),接种量10%、发酵时间24 h,在此优化条件下SDF得率为19.75%;并对提取得到的板栗壳SDF进行了脱色工艺的优化,研究结果表明,过氧化氢对板栗壳SDF的最佳脱色工艺为H2O2浓度4%、脱色时间4 h、pH 10、脱色温度55℃,在此优化条件下板栗壳膳食纤维脱色率为85.26%。     

复合酶制备柠檬膳食纤维工艺条件优化

为提高膳食纤维质量,研究木瓜蛋白酶及α-淀粉酶制备柠檬皮渣中膳食纤维的工艺。考察木瓜蛋白酶及α-淀粉酶酶浓度、料液比、制备时间、缓冲液p H值、制备温度对膳食纤维得率和质量的影响,结合正交试验优化复合酶制备柠檬膳食纤维的最佳工艺条件:制备时间30 min,温度60℃,pH 6.0,料液比1∶20(g/mL),木瓜蛋白酶用量0.8 mg/g,α-淀粉酶用量2.4 mg/g。最佳条件下可溶性膳食纤维得率为(28.2±0.6)%,不溶性膳食纤维得率为(42.2±1.2)%,可溶性膳食纤维占总膳食纤维的(39.8±1.6)%。     

发酵法制备刺梨果渣可溶膳食纤维的工艺优化

为研究刺梨果渣可溶性膳食纤维的发酵工艺,该文以保加利亚乳酸杆菌与嗜热链球菌1:1混合菌种为发酵剂,在接种量、发酵时间、发酵温度、pH和料液比5个单因素实验的基础上,利用正交实验对可溶性膳食纤维的制备工艺进行优化。结果表明:该法制备刺梨果渣可溶性膳食纤维的最佳工艺条件为:接种量12%、pH6.0、发酵时间48 h、料液比1:25、发酵温度40℃。在此条件下明显提高了刺梨果渣可溶性膳食纤维的比例,其得率为16.81%,经发酵法制备的刺梨果渣膳食纤维持水力和膨胀力均高于刺梨果渣。     

发酵法制取蓝莓果渣可溶性膳食纤维工艺优化及其特性分析

以蓝莓果渣为原料,乳酸菌作为发酵菌种,研究微生物发酵法从蓝莓果渣中提取可溶性膳食纤维的加工工艺及其理化性质的研究。结果表明乳酸菌发酵法制备蓝莓果渣可溶性膳食纤维的最佳工艺是:接种量12%、料液比1∶6(g/mL)、发酵温度34℃、发酵时间48 h以及pH 6.0;此条件下蓝莓果渣可溶性膳食纤维的的率为15.92%。发酵法得到的膳食纤维膨胀力、持水力以及对油脂、葡萄糖以及亚硝酸盐的吸附能力均比原果渣有所提高。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the