浅谈溴化锂制冷机组冷水、冷却水系统的自动控制方案

本文从节能、安全、人工智能等方面出发,论述了单台溴化锂制冷机组水系统、多机组水系统的自动化控制方案,并且,结合溴化锂吸收式制冷机组的运行原理及特点,重点阐述了如何在危急的情况,通过合理、完备的自动化控制方案,使机组发生危险的可能性降到最低。     

供冷条件对自然冷源冷藏陈列柜性能影响的试验研究

对完全利用自然冷源为冷藏陈列柜供冷进行试验研究,在室内温度为20℃,相对湿度为50%的标准工况下,分析自然冷源温度(-4～2℃)、相对湿度(45%～90%)、送风风速(0.8～1.2 m/s)对柜内温度的影响。结果表明:柜内各层温度随自然冷源温度的升高而升高,内侧受自然冷源温度影响大于外侧;各层食品包温度均随相对湿度的增加而下降,但是陈列柜不同位置温度受相对湿度影响程度不同;陈列柜内各层温度随送风风速的增加呈逐渐下降的趋势,外侧温度受送风风速影响程度较大。     

Portable forced-air tunnel evaluation for cooling products inside cold storage rooms

Freezing process efficiency is affected by the required conditions to keep the air flow and temperature at the product surface. The objective of this work was to obtain results on comparative studies with air exhaustion and blowing using an experimental portable forced-air freezing tunnel. The device was designed to improve cooling rates inside storage room without the need for a cooling/freezing tunnel. A heterogeneity factor was proposed for air circulation evaluation and compared with convective heat transfer coefficient (h_ef) values. Lower modules of heterogeneity factor values represent smaller temperature differences among samples. Comparing two different air flow processes, heterogeneity factor values were similar for regions where the cooling air could flow without obstructions. However, larger differences were observed for regions with hampered air circulation. Results indicated that the air distribution, as well as the heat transfer, occurs more uniformly around the products in the exhausting process than in the blowing system.     

大容量浓盐水保鲜冷藏系统

为开发具有自主知识产权的用于大型远洋金枪鱼围网渔船的大容量浓盐水保鲜冷藏系统,以中国上海水产集团建造的70级大型金枪鱼围网渔船为依托,完成关键制冷设备的研发和制造,并对其进行试验。试验结果表明,温度的突变不会导致蒸发器冰堵,制冷系统性能可靠、运行稳定,满足设计和使用要求。     

太阳能光伏直流蓄冷冰箱系统的可行性分析

太阳能光伏利用技术能够有效解决环境污染和能源紧张的问题。本文介绍太阳能光伏直流蓄冷冰箱系统的组成及原理,该系统综合太阳能光伏制冷技术、直流变频技术以及相变蓄冷技术的优点,阐述太阳能光伏直流蓄冷冰箱系统的技术经济可行性及应用前景。     

冷库氨制冷系统的改造

传统冷库自动化程度低、操作人员技术水平较低是我国冷库事故频繁发生的主要原因。制冷系统一旦发生泄漏,极易对人身造成直接伤害,所以提高冷库中制冷系统自动化程度、减少制冷剂液氨的充注量,对于提高制冷系统安全性可以产生明显效果。     

冷却循环水系统水质问题初探

分析影响中央空调冷却循环水系统水质的几个因素,探讨冷却水系统水质恶化对冷水机组制冷性能的影响程度及水质控制要点。     

过冷却水制冰蓄冷性能的实验研究

利用过冷却水制冰蓄冷的关键设备是过冷却器，建立了过冷却器制冰蓄冷的实验装置。通过测定过冷却器进、出口两种流体的温度，整理绘制出正常状态下温度随时间的变化曲线。实验得出，当冷水温度为-1．5℃-1．7℃，流速在1．4-1．8m/s时，经管束喷出的水流会在碰撞后成冰，有利于制冰蓄冷，可得到较高的HPF值。     

Cooling machine with integrated cold storage

The use of thermal solar energy systems in combination with thermal driven sorption chillers for climatisation gains increasing influence. For solar assisted cooling a backup system is necessary for times when no solar energy is available. Absorption chillers driven by a combination of thermal collectors and conventional furnaces, which supply the driving heat in times of no insolation, suffer from an abrupt drop of the system efficiency (COP) during the operation change. This drop in COP can be avoided by installing a combined heat buffer and storage feature. Various possibilities of heat storage features are compared. An experimental setup of a high-efficient absorption chiller which facilitates the supply of a constant load of coldness at constantly high COP in spite of periodically available driving heat is presented.     

Temperature monitor and alarm system for cold storage rooms

A system has been developed at the Horticultural Research Institute of Ontario to monitor temperatures in 30 controlled atmosphere and specialty storage research rooms. Temperatures are recorded every 30 min using resistance temperature detectors, a data acquisition unit and a microcomputer. A computer program has also been developed to compare measured temperatures to high/low set points and to activate a Telesponder alarm system. The Telesponder is capable of signalling a remote pager and providing a synthesized voice message through the telephone system to operational personnel.     

大型冷库制冷系统设计要点

对大型冷库制冷系统设计过程中涉及到的并联压缩机组、设备的选型及制冷管路管径的计算等要点进行介绍,以供同行参考。     

蒸发冷却空调冷水集成系统

介绍风侧蒸发冷却空调技术与水侧蒸发冷却空调技术的异同之处,以蒸发冷却空调冷水集成系统的形式介绍水侧蒸发冷却空调设备类型,并对其在实际工程中的应用进行分析,以期为业内人士对水侧蒸发冷却空调技术的认识提供一些参考。     

Performance characterisation of a small milk cooling system with ice storage for PV applications

The presented work proposes a calculation method to estimate the transient performance of a small on-farm milk cooling system for PV applications. The system employs 3 kg ice for fast cooling of 17 L milk in conventional 20-L-milk-cans. Two units of a commercial DC refrigerator operate at −10 °C and at 4 °C for ice production and milk preservation respectively. The development of milk temperature and energy consumption during a cooling event was studied experimentally at different ambient temperatures of 20 °C, 30 °C and 40 °C. A computational model was developed and validated where thermal resistances and COP were adjusted with experimental data. The results between 20 °C and 40 °C ambient temperature show a COP reduction of around 30% and a total daily energy consumption increase of around 100%. The specific total energy consumption of the system per litre milk was between 30 Wh/L and 58 Wh/L for the studied ambient temperature range. The suggested model can be used for the optimisation of photovoltaic stand-alone systems at specific locations.     

自动化冷库控制简介

本文浅析了工业制冷系统中的典型自动化控制应用：热气融霜、液位控制及温度控制。如果通过自动化控制来提升冷库的效率、安全及环保。     

蓄能技术在水产品冷库制冷系统中的应用与分析

结合目前水产品冷库的现状,提出适用于水产品冷库的蓄能技术。阐述蓄能技术的分类、应用的必要性及现状。提出以氨／硝酸锂为工质的制冷潜能储存系统,进行热力性和经济性计算,并与目前用于水产品冷库的常规氨双级压缩制冷系统进行比较。结果表明：潜能储存系统的热力性能比常规系统提高10．65％;虽然初投资增加30．45万元,但每年节约运行费用（折合为电费）44．7万元;动态投资回收期为0．72年,经济寿命周期为16年（比常规冷库系统长4年）。     

直接蓄冷混合供冷的水蓄冷中央空调系统分析

为实现移峰填谷,在中央空调系统改造中,设计人员越来越重视水蓄冷技术的应用。本文针对常规水蓄冷中央空调系统存在的弊端,提出直接蓄冷混合供冷的水蓄冷中央空调系统。分析结果表明,利用峰谷电价差值,合理地匹配水蓄冷系统与中央空调系统,能耗成本可节约15%～20%。但过高地要求峰谷电价比,并不能明显提高系统的经济性,反而会制约水蓄冷技术的应用。本文的分析将为水蓄冷系统的实际工程应用提供理论参考。     

结合水蓄能的地源热泵系统经济性分析

介绍水蓄能与地源热泵系统的结合在某工程项目的应用设计。分析设计日逐时负荷,提出水蓄能系统的运行策略,通过对初投资及运行费用的经济性分析发现,结合水蓄能的地源热泵系统能源利用率高,运行费用低,对同类工程有借鉴意义。     

分散式冷却系统及其控制方法的研究

某电子系统由许多分散的发热设备构成，由于温、湿度梯度的影响，若采用传统控制策略的中央空调，很难为该系统提供温、湿度均满足要求的工作环境。通过对分散式控制冷水机组及其控制方法的研究，发现通过采样每台设备附近的温、湿度，利用集散控制的方式对冷水机组进行控制，可以有效消除温、湿度梯度的影响，提供满足要求的工作环境。采用这种控制策略可以提高电子系统的可靠性，延长其使用寿命，并且冷却系统控制灵活，具有良好的可扩展性和可维护性。     

某商住楼冷却水系统飘水问题的分析与改进

通过对某商住楼空调冷却水系统的工程实践检测，分析喷射式低噪声冷却塔发生飘水的原因，并提出相应的改进措施。同时，为防止这类问题的发生，提出相关的建议。     

某大型车间冷却水系统控制策略

某车间冷却水系统采用空调机组、冷却塔换热器和冷冻水换热器这3种冷却方式,介绍其控制原则,并分别讨论这3种冷却方式的控制策略,通过尽量使用高性能指数冷却源、合理分担负荷、设备间协调运行实现精确控制、节能高效的目的。