Damping controller design for power system oscillations usingglobal signals

This paper describes a new power system stabilizer (PSS) design for damping power system oscillations focusing on interarea modes. The input to the PSS consists of two signals. The first signal is mainly to damp the local mode in the area where PSS is located using the generator rotor speed as an input signal. The second is an additional global signal for damping interarea modes. Two global signals are suggested; the tie-line active power and speed difference signals. The choice of PSS location, input signals and tuning is based on modal analysis and frequency response information. These two signals can also be used to enhance damping of interarea modes using SVC located in the middle of the transmission circuit connecting the two oscillating groups. The effectiveness and robustness of the new design are tested on a 19-generator system having characteristics and structure similar to the Western North American grid     

Optimization method of P+ ω PSS parameters for stability and robustness enhancement in a multimachine power system

Recent steady increase of electric power demand causes power sources to be large and far from cities. Wide area power interchanges lead to larger and more complex power systems. This makes the network susceptible to poor damping power swing oscillations of relatively low frequencies which influence the whole system. This paper describes a newly developed generator's double input signal PSS (P+ ω input PSS) design method. Several power system conditions (power flow and/or power patterns) are considered to satisfy a well‐stabilized power system for each system condition. Major features of this method are: (1) Weighting factor for eigenvalue sensitivity of the oscillation mode is considered when the parameters of the PSS are updated during the optimization process. (2) The new method provides good results for the generator's local and interarea oscillation modes under peak and off‐peak power flow conditions. © 2000 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 131(1): 19–31, 2000     

Slow-coherency based composite mode oscillatory stabilization bymeans of a hybrid PSS

The authors address the problem of the stabilization of composite mode electromechanical oscillations of electric generators. A hybrid PSS (power system stabilizer) with a two-level structure composed of a local PSS and a global PSS is proposed. A weighted combination of local and global control signals is used as the supplementary signal for the improvement of the damping characteristics of both local and interarea modes. Time-scale decomposition is applied to the decoupling of the local and interarea modes. Determination of the global control law is based upon a slow-coherency aggregated model     

PSS与VSC-HVDC附加阻尼控制器参数协调优化设计

将含参数约束的线性优化方法应用于交\直流混合系统的电力系统稳定器和基于电压源型换流器的高压直流输电系统附加阻尼控制器的参数协调优化中。该算法考虑了不同阻尼控制方式间的相互影响和作用,在迭代过程中通过修正优化可行域区间,使系统低频振荡模式对应的特征根最终移动到复平面上期望区域内。系统的特征值分析和时域仿真结果验证了上述方法的有效性和实用性。     

电力系统阻尼控制机理与特性

基于单机-无穷大电力系统,采用等面积定则分析电力系统阻尼控制机理。对电力系统稳定器（PSS）、静止无功补偿器（SVC）、晶闸管控制的串联电容器（TCSC）和高压直流（HVDC）的附加阻尼控制器的运行特性进行总结。对如何利用电网中各种阻尼资源以提高抑制系统区间振荡的能力进行讨论。当系统中已安装的PSS不能有效阻尼区间振荡时,可优先考虑利用HVDC的附加阻尼调制来增强阻尼。此外,可考虑柔性交流输电系统（FACTS）的附加阻尼控制,并认为TCSC抑制区间振荡的效果一般优于SVC。在四机两区域电力系统中的仿真分析结果验证了结论的合理性。     

成碧可控串补工程中阻尼控制试验分析

甘肃成县-碧口线220kV可控串补(thyristorcontrolledseriescompensator,TCSC)工程是我国第一个可控串补国产化示范工程,甘肃陇南地区电网为典型长线弱送端系统,系统稍有扰动或者增加机组出力,成碧线就会出现低频振荡。介绍了成碧系统采用电力系统稳定器(powersystemstabilizer,PSS)以及TCSC阻尼低频振荡的控制方案,系统试验结果表明,成碧线TCSC可有效抑制低频振荡,且TCSC和PSS之间可以实现协调配合。     

Optimal location and signal selection of UPFC device for damping oscillation

Unified power flow controller (UPFC) is used for controlling the real and reactive power in transmission line and bus voltage simultaneously and independently. An additional task of UPFC is to increase transmission capacity as result of power oscillation damping. The effectiveness of this controller depends on its optimal location and proper signal selection in the power system network. A residue factor has been proposed to find the optimal location of the UPFC controllers and eigenvalue analyses are used to assess the most appropriate input signals (stabilizing signal) for supplementary damping control of UPFC to damp out the inter-area mode of oscillations. The proposed residue factor is based on the relative participation of the parameters of UPFC controller to the critical mode. A simple approach of computing the residue factor has been proposed, which combines the linearized differential algebraic equation model of the power system and the UPFC output equations. While for signal selection a right-half plane zeros (RHP zeros) and Hankel singular value (HSV) is used as tools to select the most receptive signal to a mode of the inter-area oscillation. The placements of UPFC controllers have been obtained for the base case and for the dynamic critical contingences. The effectiveness of the proposed method of placement and selection of signals are demonstrated on practical network of TNB 25 bus system of south Malaysian network and New England 39 bus system.     

TCSC controller design for damping interarea oscillations

The thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC), a prominent FACTS device, can rapidly modulate the impedance of a transmission line, resulting in improvement of power system performance. The purpose of the work reported in this paper is to design a controller to damp interarea oscillations. The authors have applied the residue method to linearized power system equations and obtained a generalized form which is suitable for different controller input/output channels and therefore suitable for different control devices. This method, together with modal sensitivities, is applied to TCSCs to determine the location, feedback signal and controller design. The damping result is illustrated by comparing changes in damping ratio and identifying the increase of transfer capacity     

电力系统稳定器对次同步振荡的影响及其机制研究

采用测试信号法,在普通交流系统、含静止无功补偿（static var compensator,SVC）的系统、含可控串联补偿（thyristor controlled series capacitor,TCSC）的系统中,研究速度反馈型（以△ω为输入）和功率反馈型（以-△Pe为输入）电力系统稳定器（power system stabilizer,PSS）对次同步振荡阻尼特性的影响规律,得到速度反馈型PSS对次同步振荡影响较大,而功率反馈型PSS对次同步振荡几乎没有影响的结论;从PSS输入信号、相位补偿特性及PSS增益3个角度研究PSS对次同步振荡产生影响的机制：引入“次同步振荡响应比”的概念分析△ω和△Pe的动态响应,并通过频域分析研究相位补偿环节的补偿特性及放大增益的影响。结果表明,速度反馈信号中次同步分量较大以及超前环节对次同步频率信号的放大作用是导致速度反馈型PSS对次同步振荡影响较大的主要原因。     

基于最优变目标策略的TCSC与励磁系统协调控制

发电机励磁系统以及可控串联电容补偿器(thyristor- controlled series capacitor,TCSC)对远距离输电系统的稳定性影响很大。基于最优变目标控制(optimal variable aim control,OVAC)理论,提出了TCSC与励磁系统协调控制的方法。首先针对含有TCSC的单机无穷大系统的非线性模型,建立了状态空间方程;然后利用最优变目标控制理论推导出了TCSC与励磁系统的协调控制规律;最后利用算例进行了仿真验证。仿真结果表明,该策略提高了系统阻尼,有效地抑制了系统的功率振荡,改善了系统的稳定性。     

基于微粒群优化算法的最优电力系统稳定器设计

传统电力系统稳定器的性能受其参数影响很大,为提高电力系统机电暂态模型的阻尼,文中提出了一种优化电力系统稳定器参数的新方法。该方法以两个特征值基目标函数为基础,采用改进的微粒群优化技术对电力系统稳定器进行参数优化。特征值分析和非线性仿真结果表明,经过参数优化的电力系统稳定器能有效抑制本地和区域间振荡,提高系统的鲁棒性。     

TCSC低频振荡阻尼控制器设计研究

提出了一种基于测试信号法的TCSC功率振荡阻尼(POD)控制器的设计方法,避免了计算量庞大的状态矩阵特征值计算。该方法由3步组成:第1步,利用测试信号法辨识出电力系统的区域间振荡模式和设计POD控制器所需要的信息;第2步,比较不同输入信号的留数比来选择POD控制器的各个备选输入信号;第3步,用补偿留数相位的方法对POD控制器参数进行整定。通过比较POD控制器安装前后低频振荡阻尼比的变化和时域仿真说明了该设计方法的有效性,且适用于大规模电力系统。     

Optimal placement and parameter setting of SVC and TCSC using PSO to mitigate small signal stability problem

This paper aims to select the optimal location and setting parameters of SVC (Static Var Compensator) and TCSC (Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator) controllers using PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) to mitigate small signal oscillations in a multimachine power system. Though Power System Stabilizers (PSSs) associated with generators are mandatory requirements for damping of oscillations in the power system, its performance still gets affected by changes in network configurations, load variations, etc. Hence installations of FACTS devices have been suggested in this paper to achieve appreciable damping of system oscillations. However the performance of FACTS devices highly depends upon its parameters and suitable location in the power network. In this paper the PSO based technique is used to investigate this problem in order to improve the small signal stability. An attempt has also been made to compare the performance of the TCSC controller with SVC in mitigating the small signal stability problem. To show the validity of the proposed techniques, simulations are carried out in a multimachine system for two common contingencies, e.g., load increase and transmission line outage. The results of small signal stability analysis have been represented employing eigenvalue as well as time domain response. It has been observed that the TCSC controller is more effective than SVC even during higher loading in mitigating the small signal stability problem.     

An investigation on interarea mode oscillations of interconnected power systems with integrated wind farms

The ever-increasing penetration of wind power integration into a power system can produce significant impacts on the operation of an interconnected power system. As the major energy conversion technology for large wind turbines, the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) will play an important role in future power systems. Hence, the impacts of the DFIG on the low-frequency oscillations of interconnected power systems have become an important issue with extensive concerns. This paper examines the impacts of several factors, including the DFIG transmission distance, tie-line power of the interconnected system, DFIG capacity, with/without a power system stabilizer (PSS), on the low frequency oscillation characteristic of an interconnected power system using both eigenvalue analysis and dynamic simulations. To investigate the effects of these factors on the interarea oscillation mode, case studies are carried out on two two-area interconnected power systems, and some conclusions are obtained.     

基于混合粒子群优化算法的PSS参数优化

将一种新的进化算法—粒子群优化算法(PSO)应用到电力系统稳定器(PSS)参数优化当中,文中使用引入交叉操作的混合粒子群优化算法(HPSO),可以获得更好的全局搜索能力和收敛速度。先以低频振荡范围内(0.1~2Hz)PSS产生的附加阻尼转矩ΔTe与Δω尽可能同相位为目标优化PSS超前-滞后环节参数;再以小扰动时发电机功率和角速度振荡最小为目标整定PSS放大倍数。优化结果表明,HPSO算法可以有效地解决PSS参数优化问题。     

基于Prony方法的电力系统振荡模式分析及PSS参数设计

Prony分析是获取系统振荡模式的一种非常有效的分析方法,它可以通过给定输入信号下的响应直接估计系统的振荡频率、阻尼、幅值和相对相位。文章介绍了基于Prony分析的电力系统等值线性模型的辨识方法,对传统的Prony方法进一步扩充,考虑了输入信号对输出信号的影响,得到了系统的传递函数,并根据其相应留数,采用留数方法对电力系统稳定器(PSS)进行了参数的协调配置。两个算例的仿真结果证明了该方法在系统振荡模式分析和PSS参数设计中的有效性。     

基于MSSA的PSS与UPFC-POD参数和 UPFC位置协调优化

针对风火打捆(wind-thermal-bundled, WTB)系统在受到干扰时可能由于阻尼不足而出现的低频振荡现象以及较高的网损会导致运行成本的增加和阻碍“双碳”目标实现的问题,提出了一种电力系统稳定器(power system stabilizer, PSS)与统一潮流控制器(unified power flow controller, UPFC)附加功率振荡阻尼控制器(power oscillation damping, POD)参数和UPFC安装位置协调优化策略方法。首先,基于Matlab构建了风火打捆外送系统和控制器模型。然后,利用多目标樽海鞘优化算法(multi-objective salp swarm algorithm, MSSA),将协调优化问题转化为多目标优化问题。目标函数设计中考虑了UPFC装置的调节特性。最后,采用IEEE 4机2区系统和16机5区系统进行多种工况下的仿真。仿真结果显示,协调优化后的控制器可以提高系统阻尼,维持发电机转速的稳定,抑制低频振荡引起的系统有功、电压等的波动,同时降低了系统的有功网损,提高了系统稳定性和运行经济性。MSSA在工程问题上的应用得到了补充。     

加速度功率型PSS参数整定对次同步振荡的影响

PSS是附加在现代励磁系统的一个调节设备,是提高电[2]力系统动态稳定水平的有效手段之一。但PSS的加入可能会引起次同步振荡的产生。除了输入信号类型之外,电力系统稳定器(PSS)的参数整定也是影响次同步振荡非常重要的因素。针对目前国内普遍应用的PSS2B型电力系统稳定器,通过对PSS2B中功率匹配系数和扭振滤波环节时间常数的研究与整定,利用频率响应分析法,得到PSS-AVR励磁系统有补偿的相频特性,从而分析出对次同步振荡信号达到较好抑制或者消除作用的功率匹配系数和扭振滤波环节时间常数。利用电力系统全数字仿真装置电磁暂态计算平台(ETSDAC)进行仿真校核,结果表明:所整定得出的加速度功率型PSS在抑制低频振荡的同时,对次同步振荡信号也有较好的抑制效果,具有可行性。     

TCSC阻尼系统低频振荡的控制策略分析

在建立含可控硅串联补偿装置(TCSC)的电力系统线性化数学模型的基础上,提出了TCSC在系 统中最佳位 置 的选择方法,并对可控串补控制系统分别采用全状态反馈控制、线性二次型最优控制和输 出反馈最优控制 时阻尼系统低频振荡的作用进行了分析,证明了TCSC采用线性控制方法可以 提高 系统的稳定性。最后以三 机系统为例,利用频域仿真计算验证了所讨论的3种控制方法抑制 系统低频振荡的有效性。     

Real-time coordinated optimal facts controllers

A coordinated optimal (CDO) controller is designed to implement multiple Thyristor Controlled Series Compensation (TCSC) devices in a transmission network of interconnected power systems. The proposed controller is utilized to damp inter-area oscillations and to enhance power system damping during large disturbances. The effectiveness of the CDO controller to properly control such devices is demonstrated for a two-machine power system through real-time digital simulation studies using a PSCAD/RTDS.