制印企业ERP管理模式的设计研究

针对某彩色制印类企业的管理现状,进行了企业资源计划(ERP)的需求分析,给出了系统的基本功能模块及其关系。提出ERP系统研制开发的体系结构,给出了该系统的模型设计。构造面向对象模型,采用Active X技术将模型中的对象制作成OCX控件,再将控件嵌入支持OLE技术标准的开发平台,组建ERP原形系统。     

Competitive advantage of enterprise resource planning vendors in Iran

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) has become one of the competitive advantages for companies around the globe and the dynamic force driving the process of global integration through information. Governmental organizations are increasing their adoption of these systems for various benefits such as integrated real-time information, better administration, and result-based management. Reaching the standard level of being a global company, organizations are concerned about this application and invest in this project for many years and, as a result, help the company reduce the cost and increase the efficiency and effectiveness. Iranian organizations, along with multi-national companies, attempt to be a good player in the flow of this change. The primary purpose of this study is to investigate and determine the competitive environment of ERP vendors implementing their product in Iranian context. The authors investigated the activities of both international and local ERP vendors established in the country and analyzed them by their advantages and potentials.     

ERP系统的组件化模型研究

对ERP系统的组件化进行了研究,提出了ERP系统的组件化模型框架,该模型框架由企业视图层、系统构架层、生命周期层3个维度组成。企业视图维给出了组件化的企业对象,系统构架维给出了ERP系统的组件化层次,生命周期维给出了组件化的实施过程。从软件复用的角度对模型框架进行了详细阐述。     

A structural equation model for analyzing the impact of ERP on SCM

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) and supply chain management (SCM) represent important information technology investment options for operation or IT managers, and have been acclaimed in the practitioner and academic literature for their potential to improve business performance. The purpose of this article is to provide further insights into the adoption of ERP systems and the impacts on firm competence in SCM. We propose a model featuring ERP benefits to firm competences in supply chain management. We also hypothesize that three constructs of ERP benefits positively impact firm competences in SCM. To clarify the relationships among these constructs, structural equation model (SEM) is conducted to examine the model fit and nine hypotheses. The SEM results clearly demonstrate that there exist close interrelations among the benefits of implementing ERP systems and firm competences in SCM. The data from Taiwanese IT firms was collected through interviewing of experts and surveys. The results provide empirical evidence that the beneficial impacts of ERP on the supply chain do lead to better overall SCM competence. That evidence confirms that operational benefits, business process and management benefits, and strategic IT planning benefits of ERP in turn enhance firm competences of SCM in operational process integration, customer and relationship integration, and planning and control process integration.     

Identification and classification of ERP critical failure factors in Iranian industries

Implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning systems (ERPs) is a complex and costly process, which usually results in serious failures. The majority of previous studies and research projects have been conducted in identifying ERP Critical Success Factors (CSFs) rather than Critical Failure Factors (CFFs). On the other hand, most studies have been devoted to developed countries, while in developing countries, many companies have moved towards using such systems. The majority of IT/IS management standards and guidelines have been developed by technologically-leading countries. But developing countries, which mostly confront with especial challenges, have a different condition from the implicit assumptions of leading countries. Iran is one of these countries that many of its ERP implementation projects led to failure. There is no comprehensive study that identifies ERP CFFs in Iranian industries. The main purpose of this study is to identify such factors and classify them to help other industries, consultants and implementers to prevent failures in the implementation of ERP projects. So, at first, with the semi structured interviews and literature reviews, 47 failure factors were identified. After that a questionnaire developed and sent to ERP project team members in Iranian industries that failed in their ERP projects. Robust Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) has been used for data analysis, which finally classified critical failure factors in seven groups named as vendor and consultant, human resources, managerial, project management, processes, organizational and technical. The results of this study have provided a very useful reference for scholars and managers to identify the relevant issues of ERP projects failure in developing countries.     

基于工作流技术的ERP系统研究与开发

传统的ERP面向具体事务进行处理．其流程固化、缺乏柔性,不能适应现代企业业务流程快速变化的需要;文章将工作流技术引入到传统的ERP系统中,以组件技术和多层体系结构建立了一个业务流程动态可变的ERP系统,并给出了一个采购用款申请的实例来分析组件的构建过程和基于工作流技术的ERP系统的优越性。     

基于ERP的卷烟制造企业智能信息系统

结合卷烟制造企业的背景和需求,分析了该行业的特点,应用ERP原理,设计并实现了适应烟厂管理特殊要求的智能信息系统;并依照系统总体设计日标和原则,给出了相应的系统结构与功能模块;系统可提供支持用户决策和全面管理的强大功能,实现企业组织流程的整体优化。     

ERP系统架构的设计与实现

ERP即企业资源计划,是可以处理一个企业中几乎所有的经营管理任务的一种管理信息系统。该文采用De1phi作为开发工具,在C／S的N层体系结构基础上提出并实现了一种全新的ERP系统架构,并用于南汽集团的ERP系统之中,实践应用表明该架构是可行并有效的。     

Relationships among ERP post-implementation success constructs: An analysis at the organizational level

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems implementation success factors have been widely researched; however, few have investigated ERP post-implementation success in organizational contexts. The paucity of research into ERP system success evaluations partly motivates this research. To that end, the objective of this study is twofold. First, it primarily investigates the relationships among six constructs or dimensions in a respecified ERP system success measurement model, which was developed from prior relevant frameworks. Second, this research adds to the body of knowledge in the information system (IS) success evaluation domain, especially with its focus on ERP packages. The extended ERP system success model was tested using data collected in a cross-sectional field survey of 109 firms in two European countries. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test six relevant hypotheses. The SEM results showed that five out of the six hypotheses have significant, positive associations. Namely, the constructs of System Quality, Service Quality, Individual Impact, Workgroup Impact, and Organizational Impact have strong relevance in ERP success conceptualization, whereas Information Quality does not, at least, in the context of our data. The pertinence of the study’s findings for IS success evaluation as well as its implications for practice and research are discussed.     

基于异构系统迁移的SAP ERP软硬件同步升级技术

针对大型企业资源计划( ERP)系统升级技术复杂、停机时间长、风险巨大的问题,从技术角度分析了ERP升级的风险、技术难点和关键要素,并在此基础上提出了一种快速的ERP系统软硬件同步升级方法。该方法基于数据导出再导入的异构迁移方式,使用新旧双路系统升级架构,同步升级ERP系统的软件和硬件,既能缩短系统升级期间的停机时间,又能降低升级的风险。使用该方法成功实现了某大型企业ERP系统的升级,将传统升级方法近80小时的停机时间压缩到50小时以内,并且一次升级成功。研究表明,基于异构系统迁移的ERP升级技术解决了大型ERP系统升级效率低、风险高、评估困难的问题,并且实施容易,具有较好的推广性。     

ERP plans and decision-support benefits

Management and implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems have tended to concentrate on their transactional and record-keeping aspects, rather than on their decision-support capabilities. This paper explores connections between ERP systems and decision support based on the perceptions of 53 ERP system adopters. It offers new insights into the important objectives that are (and should be) considered in ERP plans, including decision-support objectives. It provides insights into the decision-support benefits of ERP systems. The study also examines relationships between the importance of various objectives in ERP planning and the subsequent realization of decision-support benefits from an ERP system.     

基于框架和组件技术的动态ERP系统设计

提出应用框架和组件技术构建ERP系统。具体描述了利用组件和设计模式构建框架进行系统设计的过程，实现了开发级和应用级的动态特性。最后，以实际ERP系统库存管理子系统的实现为例说明该设计方案的可行性。     

A study of enterprise resource planning (ERP) system performance measurement using the quantitative balanced scorecard approach

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems have been used in integrating information and accelerating its distribution across functions and departments with the aim to increase organizations’ operational performance. Thus, it is worth measuring ERP system performance based on its impact to critical performance of an organization: this requires a systematic method that bridges ERP performance measurement and key organizational performance. The hierarchical balanced scorecard (HBSC) model with respect to multiple criteria decision-making is such a systematic approach to ERP performance measurement. An ERP evaluation framework that integrates the balanced scorecard dimensions, linguistic variables, and non-additive fuzzy integral provides an objective approach to measuring both the performance level of the ERP system and its contribution to the strategic objectives of high-tech firms. Taking Taiwan’s high-tech firms as an example, this study demonstrates the effectiveness of this integrated approach to measure the performance of ERP systems at the post-implementation stage under evaluators’ subjective, uncertainty, and vagueness judgments.     

钢铁企业信息化中MES与ERP的集成应用

在冶金企业实现信息化的过程中,企业越来越强烈地意识到MES与ERP的有效集成是一个重要环节,是提高企业竞争力的重要技术之一.文中论述了现代钢铁企业信息化建设的整体架构和ERP、MES的主要功能,介绍了安钢信息化系统的实施情况,探讨ERP与MES的集成和应用,最后指出在应用中存在的问题和解决办法.     

关于车间作业调度组合优化的算法研究

以车间作业调度为背景,对用于求解复杂优化问题全局最优解的编码遗传算法进行了研究,并结合实例说明了算法的实现过程。     

塑化企业ERP系统的设计与研究

针对某塑化企业的管理现状和行业特点,进行了企业资源计划（ERP）的需求分析,提出适合塑化企业的ERP体系结构,对该系统模型进行了设计并在此基础上建立了数据库模型。物料清单（BOM）在该系统中占有重要地位,是塑化企业ERP的难点,本文从系统E-R图中提取关系后,建立了物品代码的资源实体,实现了BOM的设计要求。     

An FCM–FAHP approach for managing readiness-relevant activities for ERP implementation

Any organization which plans to introduce a new enterprise resource planning (ERP) system will carry out a range of activities to improve its readiness for the new system. This paper develops a new approach for managing these interrelated activities using fuzzy cognitive maps (FCMs) and the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP). This approach enables the organization to (1) identify the readiness-relevant activities, (2) determine how these activities influence each other, (3) assess how these activities will contribute to the overall readiness and (4) prioritize these activities according to their causal interrelationships to allocate management effort for the overall readiness improvement. The approach first uses FCMs and a fuzzy connection matrix to represent all possible causal relationships between activities. It then uses FAHP to determine the contribution weights and uses FCM inference to include the effects of feedback between the activities. Based on the contribution and interrelationships between activities, a management matrix is developed to categorize them into four management zones for effective allocation of limited management efforts. An empirical study is conducted to demonstrate how the approach works.     

Examining the influences of external expertise and in-house computer/IT knowledge on ERP system success

External expertise and adequate levels of internal computer skills and knowledge are essential factors that can contribute to the success of complex information technology (IT) systems, including enterprise resource planning (ERP). Studies examining the effects of external expertise and in-house or internal computer/IT knowledge on the success of ERP packages are rare. This present study was designed to fill this gap in research. A relevant research model was developed to test fifteen (15) hypothesized paths or relationships among the study's variables. Data was collected in a cross-sectional field survey of 109 firms in two European countries. The partial least squares (PLS) technique was used for data analysis. The PLS results supported eleven (11) out of the fifteen (15) hypotheses. Essentially, this research's results confirmed that external expertise (an exogenous factor) and internal computer/IT knowledge (endogenous factors) are pertinent to success enhancement of ERP system success for adopting organizations. The implications of the findings for both practice and research are discussed, and possible areas of future research identified.     

纺织ERP实施现状及需求特点分析与设计

当前纺织企业迫切需要应用ERP系统来提高生产经营管理水平,但其在纺织行业中的应用却不尽人意,这是因为纺织行业在管理要求、生产流程等方面具有显著的行业特点。论文在分析纺织企业EPR应用现状及存在问题的基础上,深入剖析了纺织行业ERP与机械等行业ERP软件的主要差异,然后从纺织行业ERP的实际需求特点和生产流程出发,提出了纺织ERP系统设计的具体思路和方法。