自然工质低温冷冻箱的设计与试验

对R290／CO2自然工质复叠式制冷系统低温冷冻箱进行设计和试验,冷冻箱内的温度在2个小时内平稳下降54．5℃,并保持在-41℃,这说明冷冻箱的设计合理,温度的稳定性较好,为自然工质R290／CO2复叠式制冷系统的推广应用打下了一定的基础。     

双毛细管卧式冷藏冷冻箱制冷循环的有效能分析

针对采用传统蒸气压缩制冷循环的冷藏冷冻箱的冷藏室换热温差大、有效能损失大的缺陷,提出了一种新的串联式双毛细管冷藏冷冻箱制冷循环。该循环系统是在常规的制冷循环的冷藏蒸发器和冷冻蒸发器之间增加一个毛细管,以提高冷藏蒸发温度,从而减少传热温差,进而降低冷藏室的有效能损失。利用PR方程计算制冷剂的热力学性质,编写了蒸气压缩制冷循环的有效能分析程序,分别对传统和新提出的冷藏冷冻箱制冷循环进行了计算。结果表明：传统冷藏冷冻箱制冷循环在制冷剂为R12、R134a时,有效能效率分别为21．20％、20．57％;双毛细管冷藏冷冻箱制冷循环在制冷剂为R12、R134a时,有效能效率分别为23．97％、23．44％;同比提高13．07％和13．95％。     

Use of ejectors in a multi-evaporator refrigeration system for performance enhancement

In this study, an improved cooling cycle for a conventional multi-evaporators simple compression system utilizing ejector for vapour precompression is analyzed. The ejector-enhanced refrigeration cycle consists of multi-evaporators that operate at different pressure and temperature levels. A one-dimensional mathematical model of the ejector was developed using the equations governing the flow and thermodynamics based on the constant-area ejector flow model. The model includes effects of friction at the constant-area mixing chamber. The energy efficiency and the performance characteristics of the novel cycle are theoretically investigated. The comparison between the novel and conventional system was made under the same operating conditions. Also, a comparison of the system performances with environment friendly refrigerants (R290, R600a, R717, R134a, R152a, and R141b) is made. The theoretical results show that the COP of the novel cycle is better than the conventional system.     

Comparative experimental study of low GWP alternative for R134a in a walk-in cold room

The environmental problems induced by the ongoing increase in the global worming potential (GWP) pose a significant interest among researchers. It was found that, the currently used refrigerants are with high GWP (National Refrigerants Inc., 2004), so that it becomes necessary to search for alternatives to these refrigerants that can properly operate on the same systems but with low GWP. Therefore a walk-in cold room working with vapor compression cycle is constructed and tested in this paper. The performance of R134a refrigerant with high GWP is compared to another low GWP refrigerant R1234ze in a trail to provide a solution of the problem of high GWP of refrigerants currently used in cold rooms. The results obtained in this study have shown that, the cooling capacity of R1234ze was lower than that of R134a by 2% to 13%. The lowest evaporating temperature that could be reached for R1234ze is −13 °C while the lowest temperature of R134a is −30 °C. Regarding the power consumption, R1234ze has lower power consumption than R134a by about 9% to 15% therefore it can be concluded that R 1234ze can be recommended to be used at high and medium evaporating temperature after carrying out the suitable modifications on the refrigeration cycle.     

90K低温下带预冷的林德制冷机的系统设计

为了获得90K的低温,提出1套带预冷循环的林德制冷系统,并分别对该系统的预冷循环和制冷循环进行了设计.预冷系统和制冷循环的制冷剂分别为R404A 和 R740.无热负荷时,设定低温箱的温度90 K,制冷量为140 W.该系统整体结构简单,获取温度低,在低温领域有较广泛的应用.     

一种五级自动复叠制冷系统的初步试验研究

提出了一种五级自动复叠制冷循环,根据不同的系统采用不同的制冷工质和不同的混合配比,可以获得不同的蒸发温度,分析了非共沸混合工质的组分选取原则并选取了组分,探讨了适用于自动复叠制冷系统混合工质计算的方法,根据要求选择了R22、R23、R14、R740和R728五种制冷工质作为系统循环工质,对混合工质的配比进行了模拟计算,得出了理论模拟最优配比并通过试验研究加以比较确定.     

Characteristics of Voorhees refrigerating machine with hermetic piston compressor producing refrigeration at one or two temperature levels

Research on the operation of the refrigerating machine working on the Voorhees cycle which permits two-stage compression in a single-cylinder compressor has been carried out. The purpose of this research was to study the possibilities of using the Voorhees machine in a domestic refrigerator for production of refrigeration at one or two temperature levels. The experiments were carried out on the basis of a small hermetic lubricated compressor with a low refrigerating capacity operating on a commonly used R12 and natural refrigerant isobutane R600a. The improved refrigerating capacity in the Voorhees cycle with isobutane makes the latter an alternative substitute for conventional refrigerants. Some peculiarities in the operation of a hermetic piston compressor as part of the Voorhees refrigerating machine have been revealed. They require the use of a compressor developed specially for the Voorhees cycle. The method of optimizing the cycle parameters for a one temperature refrigerating system is suggested in this paper. The research carried out proved that the optimum intermediate pressures of the Voorhees refrigerating machine producing refrigeration either at one or two temperature levels are different.     

利用熵产最小法分析R290/CO2复叠式制冷循环

介绍了低温环境下采用自然工质R290和CO2的复叠式制冷循环，用熵产最小法对R290／CO2复叠式低温制冷循环进行了分析，利用熵产最小法确定R290/CO2复叠式低温制冷循环的最佳中间温度。为提高R290／CO2复叠式低温制冷循环的效率，应减少蒸发器、冷凝器和冷凝蒸发器的传热温差，可以看出R290／CO2的复叠式制冷循环在低温制冷条件下有很好的发展前景。     

Hybrid vapor compression refrigeration system with an integrated ejector cooling cycle

A refrigeration system was developed which combines a basic vapor compression refrigeration cycle with an ejector cooling cycle. The ejector cooling cycle is driven by the waste heat from the condenser in the vapor compression refrigeration cycle. The additional cooling capacity from the ejector cycle is directly input into the evaporator of the vapor compression refrigeration cycle. The governing equations are derived based on energy and mass conservation in each component including the compressor, ejector, generator, booster and heat exchangers. The system performance is first analyzed for the on-design conditions. The results show that the COP is improved by 9.1% for R22 system. The system is then compared with a basic refrigeration system for variations of five important variables. The system analysis shows that this refrigeration system can effectively improve the COP by the ejector cycle with the refrigerant which has high compressor discharge temperature.     

Exergy analysis of R1234yf and R1234ze as R134a replacements in a two evaporator vapour compression refrigeration system

Exergy analysis is a useful way for determining the real thermodynamic losses and optimising environmental and economic performance in the systems such as vapour compression refrigeration systems. The present study deals with the exergy analysis on a two evaporator vapour compression refrigeration system using R1234yf, R1234ze and R134a as refrigerants. In the calculation of losses occurring in different system components, besides the exergy efficiency of the refrigeration cycle, a computer code was developed by using Engineering Equation Solver (EES-V9.172-3D) software package program. The effects of the evaporator and condenser temperatures on the exergy destruction and exergy efficiency of the system were investigated. R1234yf and R1234ze, which are good alternatives to R134a concerning their environmentally friendly properties and this is the most significant finding emerging from this study.     

R404A与CO2复叠式制冷系统的理论分析

本文针对所建立的新型R404A／CO2复叠式制冷设备进行了理论研究,该系统可提供零下40℃以下的低温环境。根据R404A和CO2的物性特征及复叠式循环流程,通过数值模拟寻找一定工况下CO2低温级的最佳冷凝温度及二者的最佳质量流量比,分析冷凝蒸发器的工作温度、CO2侧蒸发温度、R404侧的冷凝温度等对R404A／CO2复叠式系统COP的影响。结果表明,为了提高循环效率并保证循环的安全运行,应尽可能地升高低温段蒸发温度、降低高温段冷凝温度,缩小冷凝蒸发器的传热温差,环保工质R404A和CO2的复叠式制冷系统在低温制冷条件下有良好的发展前景。     

R290和R32单级干湿压缩循环及回热循环特性分析

采用理论热力循环计算的方法,对比R290,R32,R22和R410A四种制冷剂的单级干压缩与湿压缩循环以及回热循环特性。分析结果表明：吸气过热度增加时,4种制冷剂的排气温度均升高,R290的能力和能效比相应增加,但R32的降低;吸气干度减小时,4种制冷剂的排气温度均近似呈线性下降;吸气饱和时,R32,R22和R410A的能力接近最佳;单级压缩回热循环仅对R290有实用意义。     

R404A单机双级与R404A/R23复叠式制冷系统对比分析

通过建立双级压缩制冷系统和复叠式压缩制冷系统热力学模型,在冷凝温度40℃,蒸发温度为-65℃条件下,分析不同的中间温度对两种制冷系统压缩机轴功率,制冷剂流量以及制冷系数等性能参数的影响,并对两种制冷系统的实际运行费用进行了比较。结果表明:在相同的工况下,双级压缩式压缩机轴功率、R404A制冷剂质量流量低于复叠式;而双级压缩制冷系统COP(制冷性能系数)高于复叠式。在冷凝温度为40℃,蒸发温度为-65℃,中间温度为-14℃时,与复叠式制冷系统相比双级压缩式制冷系统全年运行节能可达13%。理论研究表明在-65℃的超低温工况下,双级压缩式制冷系统更具有优势。     

机械过冷CO_2跨临界制冷循环性能理论分析

采用蒸气压缩制冷循环(辅助循环)对CO_2跨临界制冷循环气体冷却器出口的CO_2流体进行冷却,可减小节流不可逆损失,提高循环性能。本文对机械过冷CO_2跨临界制冷循环进行热力学循环分析,结果表明:当在最优排气压力和最优过冷度两个参数条件下,循环存在最大COP。环境温度越高、蒸发温度越低,采用机械过冷方法使循环性能提升越显著,相对传统CO_2制冷循环,通过辅助循环可显著提高循环COP,降低CO_2排气压力和温度。相对CO_2压缩机,辅助循环压缩机的功耗较少。分析了辅助循环中采用11种不同制冷剂的性能,可得除R41外,其它10种工质对循环整体COP的提升程度差异不明显。综上所述,机械过冷CO_2跨临界制冷循环更适用于环境温度较高、蒸发温度较低的场合。     

-60℃水冷自复叠制冷系统研究

提出一种新型水冷自复叠制冷循环方式,用冷凝分离器代替传统循环的冷凝器和相分离器,在冷凝分离器中同时完成了高沸点工质的冷凝及高沸点工质与低沸点工质的分离。对采用这种冷凝分离器的水冷自复叠制冷循环方式的R22/R23、R290/R170、R134a/R23、R134a/R170四种工质对进行了循环特性研究。在自行搭建的水冷自复叠制冷系统实验台上进行了R22/R23、R134a/R23两种工质对的实验研究。结果表明,在相同工况下,R22/R23自复叠制冷系统的COP要高于R134a/R23自复叠制冷系统;和传统的自复叠系统相比,采用冷凝分离器的水冷自复叠制冷循环COP明显提高,提升率达到60%~100%。     

理论[火用]分析在冷冻厂高温库中的应用

通过对一定环境温度条件下的高温冷库中的氨蒸汽压缩系统进行[火用]分析,利用线性拟合的方法对氨的物性进行模拟,并对定冷凝温度和变冷凝温度时,制冷系统的各部件的炯损失和系统的[火用]效率进行计算分析,得出在冷库氨蒸汽压缩系统中的蒸发器中的[火用]损失最大,压缩机和冷凝器次之的结果。提出要对冷库氨蒸汽压缩系统的性能进行改进,必须首先考虑提高其蒸发器、压缩机和冷凝器的[火用]效率着手;认为在一定环境温度条件下,降低冷凝温度是提高[火用]效率的较好的改进措施之一．     

两级复叠低温制冷机组制冷剂的替代

对应用于两级复叠制冷的工质对R22/R13及其替代物R404A/R23的基本物性参数进行了分析对比,针对采用替代制冷剂后制冷系统在设计中需要注意的一些问题进行了探讨.通过实验测试,对复叠制冷系统在采用两种不同工质对后的压比、制冷量及COP等循环性能进行了比较,结果证明,采用R404A/R23作为替代制冷剂是可行的.     

R404A直接接触凝结制冷循环的性能分析

提出R404A直接接触凝结换热的制冷循环,分析R404A直接接触凝结制冷循环的热力性能,并与常规双级压缩制冷循环的性能进行对比。得出结论:在一定的冷凝温度、蒸发温度和过冷液体的过冷度下,直接接触凝结制冷循环存在最佳的饱和液体温度,并在此最佳的饱和液体温度下,获得最优的性能和最小的冷凝热负荷,随着过冷液体的过冷度增大和蒸发温度升高,直接接触凝结制冷循环的性能系数增加、冷凝热负荷减少,获得最优性能的最佳饱和液体温度值提高。过冷液体的过冷度为25℃时,直接接触凝结制冷循环的最佳性能系数较双级压缩制冷循环的最佳性能系数提高6.2%。直接接触凝结制冷循环的最小冷凝热负荷较双级压缩制冷循环的最小冷凝热负荷减小1.8%。     

Exergetic analysis of a vapour compression refrigeration system with R134a, R143a, R152a, R404A, R407C, R410A, R502 and R507A

This communication deals with the exergetic analysis of a vapour compression refrigeration system with selected refrigerants. The various parameters computed are COP and exergetic efficiency in the system. Effects of degree of condenser temperature, evaporator temperature and sub-cooling of condenser outlet, supper-heating of evaporator out let and effectiveness of vapour liquid heat exchanger are also computed and discussed. In this study, it was found that R134a has the better performance in all respect, whereas R407C refrigerant has poor performance.     

基于双级离心式冷水机组的低GWP制冷剂制冷循环特性分析

对比多种低GWP制冷剂在双级压缩与单级压缩制冷循环中的性能差异,并分析各制冷剂用于双级离心式冷水机组时,机组性能系数COP对有效过热度、过冷度、吸排气压损和压缩比分配系数(中间压力)等主要参数变化的敏感度.研究结果表明,低压替代制冷剂的安全性更优,且理想制冷循环的COP更高,但是其在变过冷度和变吸排气压损特性方面逊于中...