Relationships between self-acceptance and sociometric choice.

"Lipsitt's… [see 34: 4134] Self-Concept and Ideal-Self scales and two Sociometric scales were given to fourth, sixth, and eighth grade subjects… Acceptance of others, acceptance by others, and acceptance by best friends were curvilinearly related to self-concept scores… . trends were not significantly different in different grades or sexes… . Acceptance by others was more strongly related to self-concept than was acceptance by best friends… . The sociometric measures were not significantly related to the discrepancy between ideal-self and self-concept scores suggesting that the discrepancy score obtained by subtraction may not be a valid measure of self-acceptance." From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4FF72R. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Attitudes of schizophrenics and normals toward success and failure.

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that schizophrenics, as compared with normals, are relatively more highly motivated to avoid failure than to achieve success. A total of 291 Ss, including 136 hospitalized male schizophrenics, 103 normals, and--as a contrast group--52 neurotics, were administered the Success-Failure Inventory (SFI), a 22-item True-False instrument designed to assess attitudes toward success attainment and failure avoidance. As predicted, the schizophrenic samples manifested greater relative failure avoidance than the normals. Further, active schizophrenics evidenced greater relative failure avoidance than did remitted schizophrenics. Remitted schizophrenics and neurotics were not significantly different. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The relationship of expectation of success to reported probability, task structure, and achievement related motivation.

Male students estimated their chances of success before performing an anagrams task. 3 reported probabilities of success (.20, .50, and .80) were combined with 3 lengths of the puzzle (8, 11, and 14 anagrams), and 14 Ss were randomly assigned to each of the 9 experimental conditions. Probability estimates were found to increase as reported probabilities increased (p     

Birth order and sociometric choice.

It is hypothesized that sociometric choice is, in part, affected by social factors. One evaluates his own feelings about a person by comparing his feelings with those of others. First borns, who are characterized as dependent, are assumed to be more influenced by such social determinants of sociometric choice than are later borns. Implications of these assumptions are tested in a sociometric study of 15 fraternities and sororities. Within these groups, first borns choose more popular people and exhibit greater similarity of sociometric choice than do later borns. In addition, the data indicate that first borns are considerably less popular than are later borns. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Dominance as a factor in interpersonal choice and perception.

The hypotheses herein tested were that a person chooses to interact with, and tends to perceive other people in terms of the complement of his own degree of dominance. Ss were shown a movie depicting the interaction between 4 people, 2 of whom displayed dominant behavior, 2, submissive. Measures of the Ss' own dominance were compared with their answers on a sociometric questionnaire which elicited Ss' preference for the actors. The results failed to support the hypotheses as stated. The findings were discussed in terms of their possible meaning, and their relationship to other findings. 25 refs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

EFFECT OF PERCENTAGE AND SPECIFICITY OF FEEDBACK ON CHOICE BEHAVIOR IN A PROBABILISTIC INFORMATION-PROCESSING TASK.

STUDIED PROFICIENCY IN CHOOSING THE BETTER OF 2 SOURCES OF INFORMATION AS A FUNCTION OF 3 VARIABLES: PERCENTAGE FEEDBACK, SPECIFICITY OF FEEDBACK, AND DIFFICULTY OF DISCRIMINATION BETWEEN SOURCES. 210 SS PERFORMED 200 TRIALS UNDER 1 OF 21 CONDITIONS. THE INFORMATION POOL WAS 2 DISTINCT DISTRIBUTIONS OF NUMBERS FROM WHICH RANDOM SELECTIONS WERE MADE AND DISPLAYED AS READINGS ON A PAIR OF METERS. ONLY 1 READING WAS SHOWN PER TRIAL, AND S JUDGED WHETHER IT OR THE OTHER METER READING (NOT SHOWN) WAS HIGHER. CHOICES COULD BE BASED UPON BOTH THE MOMENTARY STATE OF 1 METER AND FAMILIARITY WITH THE DISTRIBUTIONS FROM WHICH INFORMATION WAS DRAWN. PERCENTAGE FEEDBACK HAD NO INFLUENCE ON ACQUISITION OR PERFORMANCE; PARADOXICALLY, A SPECIFICITY EFFECT APPEARED WHEN FEEDBACK WAS PROVIDED. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Achievement motive and test anxiety conceived as motive to approach success and motive to avoid failure.

"… the following hypotheses are investigated: persons in whom the motive to achieve success is stronger than the motive to avoid failure (a) should prefer tasks of intermediate difficulty, (b) should show greater persistence in working at an achievement related task, and (c) should show more efficiency, or a higher level of accomplishment, than persons in whom the motive to avoid failure is stronger… . [Results] support the hypotheses." 3 measures of achievement related motives were not found to be correlated. "These results highlight the importance of discovering why different methods of measuring apparently the same human motive do not yield comparable results." 30 refs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The relationship of task success to task liking and satisfaction.

4 laboratory experiments are reported which examine the relationship between degree of task success and degree of liking for and satisfaction with the task. A number of different tasks, measures, and situations were used. In all cases there was clear evidence for a significant (positive) linear relationship between success and measures of liking and satisfaction. The major reasons given for liking a task involved attributes of the individual's performance (e.g., improvement); reasons given for not liking a task most often involved attributes other than individual performance (e.g., the monotony of the task). (18 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The relationship of persistence at a task to expectation of success and achievement related motives.

This investigation examines the effects of S's motivation to achieve success or avoid failure (measured from TAT), his preception of the degree of difficulty of the task, and his probability of success upon continued attempts (persistence) to solve a given problem. Substantiating hypotheses derived from Atkinson's theory (1957, 1958), the results indicated that persistence occurs when motivation to achieve and anticipation of success are high, or when motivation to avoid failure and anticipation of failure are high. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The interruption of tasks: Methodological, factual, and theoretical issues.

After describing the criterion scores which have been used to assess behavior in the interrupted task paradigm (ITP), a summary of the research literature is presented. ITP as a source of data for evaluating the psychoanalytic theory of repression is found not to allow for the separation of learning and retention effects, and so is not well suited to the study of repression. Similarly, the mediation-avoidance hypothesis makes predictions only concerning interrupted task recall and while it is partially consistent with indirect data, it has yet to receive direct experimental test. The need-achievement conception predicts interrupted task recall satisfactorily but is inapplicable to completed task recall or relative recall scores. ITP is considered as a source of data for a developmental conception of success-failure reactions. Repetition choice scores are found to be consistent with the developmental theory, but some recall results are not. (2-p. ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Sociometric choice patterns in hospital ward groups with varying degrees of interpersonal disturbances.

"Selected aspects of the sociometric choice process were analyzed for their hypothesized relationship to certain expressions of inter-personal disturbances. Patients on five hospital wards representing an inter-personal disturbance continuum were given a sociometric test containing positive, negative, and relatively objective criteria… . Those aspects of sociometric responses analyzed were reciprocations, intercriteria overlap, and acceptability score patterns." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

广钢股份物流业务模式选择的分析及建议

结合广钢股份物流发展的实际情况和要求，确定广钢物流业务模式的评价准则，在对外部环境和内部条件分析的基础上，提出可供选择的物流业务模式，并应用层次分析法进行定量分析，得出相关结论，提出相应建议。     

8m~3摇包耐火材料与砖型的选择与应用

分析了8m~3摇包漏包机理,对8m~3摇包耐火材料的材质进行了重新选择,采用铝碳化硅炭砖,解决了漏包周期短等问题,在实际应用中取得了较好的效果和经济效益。     

Social perception and sociometric choice of children.

"This study was designed to test the generality of the positive relationship between perceived similarity and valuation of others." The results indicate that highest sociometric choices tend to be perceived as more similar to self than are lowest sociometric choices and also more similar to self than they actually are. The proposition is suggested that the positive relationship between perceived similarity and valuation of others is a function of the need to be similar to valued persons. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The effects of choice on intrinsic motivation and related outcomes: A meta-analysis of research findings.

A meta-analysis of 41 studies examined the effect of choice on intrinsic motivation and related outcomes in a variety of settings with both child and adult samples. Results indicated that providing choice enhanced intrinsic motivation, effort, task performance, and perceived competence, among other outcomes. Moderator tests revealed the effect of choice on intrinsic motivation was stronger (a) for instructionally irrelevant choices compared to choices made between activities, versions of a task, rewards, and instructionally relevant options, (b) when 2 to 4 successive choices were given, (c) when rewards were not given after the choice manipulation, (d) when participants given choice were compared to the most controlling forms of control groups, (e) for children compared to adults, (f) for designs that yoked choice and control conditions compared to matched designs in which choice was reduced or designs in which nonyoked, nonmatched controls were used, and (g) when the experiment was conducted in a laboratory embedded in a natural setting. Implications for future research and applications to real-world settings are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Psychopathology and sociometric choice.

Previous research has suggested that, except for paranoid schizophrenics, similarity in diagnostic category has little effect on sociometric choice among patients. A sociometric study was conducted employing MMPI scales as well as diagnostic categories on 84 hospitalized psychiatric patients. When diagnostic labels from the patients' charts were used, results showed no relationship between sociometric choice and diagnosis. However, patients classified by highest MMPI scale or by MMPI code type made positive sociometric choices among themselves. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

近期河北冶金工业结构调整形势与任务

分析了河北冶金近期行业发展特别关注的几个问题：钢铁生产发展过快；产业结构缺陷，资源供应和环境压力。同时，文章从分析国内外市场形势和国家宏观政策形势入手，提出了河北冶金工业对产品结构调整，工艺装备调整和组织结构调整的必要性，任务和需注意的问题。     

Pride in group performance and group-task motivation.

This experiment tested the propositions that pride in one's group results from the members' perceptions of effective task performance of the group as a whole and is directly associated with high motivation toward the assigned task of the group. 25 3-man groups assigned to work on a simulated Air Defense task were distributed among 5 experimental conditions. The measure of task motivation was the amount of task-oriented discussion during a "break" period. "Evidence is cited supporting the hypothesis that the high group-task motivation results from a perception of interdependence among the group members with respect to the attainment of reward." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The effects of success and failure on the discrimination learning of normal and retarded children.

30 normal and 30 retarded children learned a 3-choice size discrimination following exposure to experimental tasks under conditions of success, failure, or neutrality. Both normal and retarded children learned more quickly following success and failure than under the neutral condition. In a 2nd study, 32 normal and 32 retarded children learned the same criterion task under success or failure conditions. Here, both success and failure again facilitated the performance of both normal and retarded Ss. Also, social responsivity interacted with intelligence and exeprimental conditions in influencing the children's learning. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

减速机故障状态的监测和诊断分析

应用设备状态监测诊断中的振动检测技术 ,有效地诊断分析一烧 2号二次混合机减速机的设备故障状态 ,做到了预知维修