CaSO4晶须/聚氨酯弹性体复合材料性能的研究

笔者主要研究了CaSO4晶须对聚氨酯弹性体复合材料热性能和摩擦性能的影响。随Ca-SO4晶须含量的增加，复合材料的起始分解温度被提高，加入CaSO4晶须并未改变聚氨酯弹性体的化学结构，只是减慢了聚氨酯弹性体的热失重速率；随着CaSO4晶须含量的增加，聚氨酯弹性体复合材料的磨耗量降低。分析认为，加入CaSO4晶须后。阻止了聚氨酯弹性体结构的大面积破坏，改变了磨屑的形成机理，使其由纯聚氨酯的大的片状磨屑变为复合材料的小磨屑，从而降低了聚氨酯复合材料的磨损。     

CSW/TPU复合材料的制备及性能

采用熔融共混技术制备了硫酸钙晶须(CSW)填充改性的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)复合材料(CSW/TPU),讨论了CSW对复合材料的力学性能、加工性能和热性能的影响。结果表明,CSW含量对CSW/TPU复合材料的力学性能有明显影响,CSW质量分数为5.0%时,CSW/TPU复合材料的综合力学性能较好。转矩流变仪分析表明,CSW的加入使得复合材料的加工性能变好。热重分析发现,CSW的加入并未对TPU的分解温度产生明显影响。     

EVA/TPU共混物热氧老化性能研究

研究4种不同组合的乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物（EVA）／热塑性聚氨酯（TPU）共混物热氧老化前后物理性能的变化规律。结果表明，EVA／TPU共混物老化后总体趋势是邵尔A型硬度、100％定伸应力和拉伸强度增大，拉断伸长率减小；在EVA／聚醚型TPU（T8）并用比为50／50时，共混物老化后出现气泡，老化规律异常。乙酸乙烯酯质量分数为0．4的EVA（E4）／T8共混物在E4／T8并用比为75／25时，老化前后平均的物理性能变化率较小，为较佳组合。     

热塑性聚氨酯/微胶囊化聚磷酸铵/氢氧化铝复合材料的制备及性能研究

通过溶胶?凝胶法制备了硅凝胶微胶囊化聚磷酸铵（MAPP）,并通过红外光谱仪（FTIR）、热重分析仪（TG）对MAPP进行了表征;采用熔融共混技术将氢氧化铝（ATH）和MAPP加入到热塑性聚氨酯弹性体（TPU）中,制备出系列阻燃热塑性聚氨酯弹性体（TPU/FR）复合材料,并通过TG、微型量热计（MCC）研究了TPU/FR的热稳定性和燃烧行为。结果表明,在ATH与MAPP总含量为20 %（质量分数,下同）的情况下,相对于TPU/FR1（20 % ATH）复合材料,ATH与MAPP含量分别为5 %、15 %,10 %、10 %和15 %、5 %的TPU/FR复合材料在700 oC下的残炭量分别由16.7 %提高到29.7 %、25.1 %和20.9 %;热释放容量（HRC）分别从327.1 J/（g·K）降低到154.2、164.2和170.1 J/（g·K）;对比TPU/FR2（20 % MAPP）复合材料,TPU/FR4（15 % ATH,5 % MAPP）炭渣的致密性和石墨化程度显著提高,表明ATH与MAPP复合具有显著的阻燃协同作用。     

交替多层TPU／SEBS复合材料阻尼隔声性能的研究

用自行设计的微层挤出体系制备了热塑性聚氨酯弹性体／苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物（TPU／SEBSS）交替多层复合材料,同时准备了同组分的传统共混样品。实验结果结果表明：与传统共混样品相比,交替多层TPU／SEBS复合材料具有更宽的阻尼温域、更高的隔音系数和更优异的力学性能。并且随着层数的增加,其阻尼、隔声和力学性能提高。     

热塑性聚氨酯弹性体/聚乳酸复合材料的配方与性能研究

通过挤出成型制备热塑性聚氨酯弹性体（TPU）/聚乳酸（PLA）复合材料,研究增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）和环烷油及钛酸酯偶联剂TCA-101对复合材料力学性能和热性能的影响。结果表明：DBP和环烷油对TPU/PLA复合材料具有良好的增塑效果,其加入有利于复合材料的挤出加工,但DBP会使复合材料的力学性能降低;钛酸酯偶联剂TCA-101对复合材料具有良好的补强作用;当TPU、PLA、环烷油用量分别为178,20和2 g时,复合材料的拉伸强度达100.54 MPa,拉断伸长率达429%。     

医用导管用热塑性聚氨酯加工特性研究

对用于制造中心静脉导管的硫酸钡(BaSO4)填充热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)的加工性能,尤其是流变性能进行了实验研究。利用毛细管流变仪,通过改变TPU干燥时间、加热时间、挤出温度、挤出速率等参数,研究了含水量,加工温度、热机械历史等因素对TPU剪切黏度,流动稳定性以及表观质量的影响。研究表明:含水量对TPU的黏度影响很大,加工必须保证原料充分的干燥。在熔融加工温度范围内,TPU流变性能对温度变化非常敏感,不仅要精确控制加热温度,还要控制好加热时间。     

世界首个醚基生物TPU材料

西班牙麦金莎（Merquinsa）开发出世界首个醚基生物热塑性聚氨酯弹性体（TPU）。这种TPU材料是麦金莎公刮推出的生物聚氨酯系列最新产品,可用于“绿色”注射成型、挤出成型以及胶黏剂。新型醚基生物聚氨酯将以Pearlthane ECO品牌出售,其可再牛成分含量达60％,可替代石油基的聚氨酯和热塑性弹性体,具有优良的机械性能、加工性能及耐磨性、抗划伤性和再循环性。据生命剧期评估（LCA）,Pearlthane ECO的生产使全球变暖的排放物减少了40％。     

TPU/ATH复合材料热老化性能研究

热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)具有较广泛的应用,并且在有机领域获得了较高的评价。但由于TPU自身的不足,经常导致一些事故的发生。人们发现一些无机粒子其化学性质稳定,并且受热分解时吸热脱水过程可以延缓聚合物的燃烧。故以热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)和氢氧化铝(ATH)为主要原料,采用溶液共混法制备TPU/ATH复合材料,着重研究了TPU/ATH复合材料老化后的力学性能和热性能。结果表明,从力学性能上看,随着老化时间的推移,TPU/ATH复合材料的力学性能逐渐降低。红外图谱分析,老化时间168h之内,老化导致的TPU大分子链的断裂引起力学性能的下降。老化时间0~24h之内,由于分子链断裂导致复合材料结晶度减小,老化时间为24h的复合材料的结晶度低于老化前复合材料的结晶度。采用XRD计算复合材料的结晶度与DSC的计算结果基本符合。     

聚氨酯增韧聚甲醛的研究

采用机械共混的方法，制备了聚甲醛(POM)／热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)复合材料；研究了缺口曲率半径对纯POM以及TPU增韧体系冲击韧性的影响；并对其形态结构进行了测试分析。结果表明，纯POM的冲击韧性受缺口尖锐程度影响大，TPU能减小POM结晶度，缩小球晶尺寸，显著降低POM的缺口敏感性；POM／TPU形成双连续结构时成为超韧体系。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。