基于曲线和曲面控制的多边形物体变形反走样

基于参数曲线和曲面控制的空间变形是重要的几何外形编辑和柔性物体动画实现手段．当这两类变形方法的对象是多边形物体时,如何对变形物体进行重采样以得到高质量结果,是计算机动画和几何造型领域中的一个重要问题．该文针对B-样条曲线和曲面控制的空间变形方法,提出了面向多边形物体的空间变形反走样方法．在该方法中,利用等距技术将B-样条曲线或曲面所张成的变形空间近似表示为张量积B-样条参数体,结合作者提出的多边形物体精确B-样条自由变形方法,实现了参数曲线和曲面控制的多边形物体变形反走样．     

基于两步法的交互式纹理映射研究

两步纹理映射方法将映射过程分解为S映射与O映射两步进行.针对两步纹理映射方法研究中复杂物体表面纹理映射时出现的变形问题,采用B样条曲面代替简单的中间映射媒介,用它近似地包裹在三维物体的外表面,将纹理通过某种方式映射到曲面上实现参数化.基于两步映射方法提出了一种交互式纹理映射的算法.该算法允许用户交互选择贴图范围,通过控制B样条曲面实现对映射效果的调整.实验结果表明,该算法可显著提高纹理映射质量,纹理贴图效果良好.     

自由曲面的平面映射原理及其算法

论述空间曲面的平面映射定义及其变形；分析了空间曲面的几种近似映射方法，并同时分析了各种映射方法的优缺点；针对在空间曲面应用最广泛的NURBS曲面，提出了NURBS曲面的混合映射算法；讨论了小曲率NURBS曲面平面映射的算法，并将该算法成功地应用于花纹鞋模的设计中。     

一种应用参数曲面的动态自由变形方法

本文提出了一种动态自由变形方法，被变形物体首先附在两张参数曲面上，当参数曲面的形状发生变化时，物体会随之变形。这两张参数曲面分别被称为形状曲面和高度曲面，其中形状曲面用于控制变形物体的形状，高度曲面用于控制物体沿着形状曲面法向的高度。     

基于弹簧-质点模型的不规则曲面纹理映射

针对三角网格表示的不规则曲面的纹理映射问题,提出一种基于弹簧-质点模型的简单、高效、失真小的纹理映射算法。结合调和映射的参数化方法以及弹簧-质点模型的复杂平面展开方法,保持拓扑关系地将三维曲面投影于平面内;通过建立三角网格表示的投影面的弹簧-质点模型,将不规则曲面参数化于给定大小的矩形域;利用参数化的结果计算不规则曲面各顶点的纹理坐标,进行纹理贴图。实验结果表明,该算法能够实现纹理高效、均匀、变形小地映射于任意不规则曲面上。     

嵌入参数空间的曲面控制自由变形方法

提出了一种新的通过控制参数曲面来实现物体的自由变形的方法，物体通过映射函数被嵌入到曲面的参数空间从而实现变形，同时映射函数的引入增加了变形的控制手段。实验表明该方法具有易于交互和控制的优点，适用于几何造型和计算机动画领域。     

基于层次B样条的网格模型变形技术

针对常用的网格模型提出了一个基于层次B样条控制的三维网格空间变形框架．首先由用户交互地选取编辑区域,由程序完成编辑区域的参数化和均匀重采样;然后用层次B样条光顺拟合这些均匀采样点,所得的R样条曲面作为网格模型的基曲面,计算待编辑区域中网格顶点相对该B样条基曲面的局部坐标,该局部坐标平移、旋转不变,可视为模型的内蕴几何特征,并作为变形操作中的不变量．用户通过编辑层次B样条基曲面或者直接编辑三维网格模型,可实现多分辨率变形．实验结果表明：该方法操作直观方便,无论对整体还是局部变形,都能取得可控、可靠的变形效果,且采刚B样条曲面的控制手段易于与已有的造型系统合成．     

点模型曲面的调和映射参数化

利用调和映射的平面和球面中值性质，提出了确定点模型曲面参数化映射中有关权因子的两种新方法，设计了能够达到内在变形较小的相应参数化方法，并将参数化方法应用于点模型曲面上的纹理映射．实验和统计结果表明，文中方法是比较有效的点模型曲面的参数化方法．     

基于映射法和Delaunay方法的曲面三角网格划分算法

提出一种曲面三角网格划分算法，该算法在曲面参数域中生成Delaunay类型的网格，然后将其映射到空间曲面，为了抵消映射过程中变形的影响，采用空椭圆准则代替传统的空间准则，并给出椭圆的构造算法以及椭圆圆心的定位方法，这些方法充分考虑到映射变形和求解速度，实验结果表明，该算法生成满意的曲面网格，具有一定的应用价值。     

三角网格的能量优化参数化方法

三角网格参数化是纹理映射、曲面拟合与曲面重构、网格编辑等工作的基础和环节,参数化变形的大小是衡量参数化好坏的标准.为此提出一种基于变形能量优化的三角网格参数化方法.采用区域增长算法逐层展平空间三角网格,得到空间三角网格曲面的自由边界的参数化结果,并利用保形变换将自由边界的参数化结果变换为规则边界的参数化结果;同时兼顾了参数化的角度变形和面积变形,使得参数化结果具有整体变形较小的特点,并能够避免三角形折叠的现象.将该方法应用于纹理映射中的数值实验表明,其比常见的几种参数化方法具有更好的纹理映射效果.     

一种基于物理的实时细节保持变形算法

实时变形是计算机图形学研究的热点问题之一,复杂物体的实时变形至今仍未得到很好的解决.从物理变形方法和多分辨率网格编辑技术的优点出发,提出了一种适合于复杂弹性物体的实时变形算法.在预处理阶段,将原始精细网格模型进行简化以建立其基网格表示,基于基网格对模型的局部细节特征进行编码;在实时绘制阶段,在基网格上进行物理变形操作,并通过变形后的基网格和细节编码重构出变形后的精细网格.以上过程充分利用图形硬件的并行处理能力,利用像素处理器进行大部分计算操作.实验结果表明,该算法在变形过程中较好地保持了物体的局部特征,适合于表面细节复杂物体的实时变形应用.     

Multiresolution free-form deformation with subdivision surface of arbitrary topology

A new free-from deformation method is presented in this paper. Object deformation is controlled by a mesh of arbitrary topology, namely a control mesh. The subdivision surface determined by the control mesh spans an intermediate deformation space. The object is embedded into the space by the nearest point rule. When the shape of the control mesh is changed, the object embedded in the intermediate deformation space will be deformed accordingly. Since the subdivision surface has a multiresolution property, the proposed deformation method naturally has a multiresolution property. A technique for generating control meshes is also introduced in the paper. Compared with previous deformation methods with arbitrary topology control tools, the proposed method has the advantages of flexible control and computational efficiency.     

Geometric deformations based on 3D volume morphing

This paper presents a new geometric deformation method based on 3D volume morphing by using a new cocept called directinal polar coordinate.The user specifies the source control object and the destination control object which act as the embedded spaces.The source and the destination control objects deterine a 3D volume morphing which maps the space enclosed in the source control object to that of the destination cotrol object.By embedding the object to be deformed into the source control boject,the 3D volume morphing determines the deformed object automatically without the tiring moving of control points.Experiments show that this deformation model is efficient and intuitive ,and it can achieve some deformation effects which are difficult to achieve for traditional methods.     

NURBS surface deformation design for complex products by transplanting the surface feature

This article addresses the problem of NURBS surface deformation design using surface feature transplantation. To represent the semantic surface feature, a new surface feature representation called normal feature membrane is proposed. In the proposed method, the base surfaces of the source surface with the feature that the designer is highly interested in and the target surface to be deformed are first constructed. This is followed by extracting the normal feature membrane of the source surface. The deformation design is then realized by transplanting the extracted normal feature membrane of the source surface to the base surface of the target surface through four main operations, which are normal feature membrane preprocessing, normal feature membrane transplanting, surface fairing, and boundary feature decaying, respectively. The proposed method provides an easy copy–paste operation of the semantic surface feature for surface deformation of complex product. The examples of the surface feature transplantation for the surface design of automobile bodies are given to verify the validity and feasibility of the proposed method.     

Approximate development of trimmed patches for surface tessellation

This paper presents a method for constructing an auxiliary planar domain of triangulation for tessellating trimmed parametric surface patches. By minimizing a mapping error function, an approximate locally isometric mapping between a given trimmed parametric surface patch and its triangulation domain is constructed. In this way the shape of triangular elements on the triangulation domain is approximately preserved when mapped into three-dimensional space. We also provide an efficient method to achieve a good initial guess for the minimization of the mapping error function. Furthermore, our proposed method guarantees a homeomorphism between a triangulation domain and parametric space/given surface patch by robustly removing the possibility of self-intersection on the developed surface net. Practical application of the proposed algorithm can include the formation of ship hulls, ducts, shoes, clothing and automobile parts as well as the surface meshing procedure.     

样条曲线的参数化变形方法

提出一种曲线在几何约束下发生整体变形,且约束能够被精确满足的计算曲线变形的方法,该方法被称为参数化变形,位移曲线被定义为变形后曲线的表达式与变形前曲线的表达式之差所表示的曲线,对传统能量法进行改进,提出对位移曲线的能量在线性约束下求最小的方法,得到了精确的变形计算公式,以此公式为基础,提出在非线性约束情况下曲线变形的计算方法,文中提出的参数化变形的计算方法可用于二维参数化设计模型中。     

参数曲线曲面自由变形的多项式因子方法

为得到理想的造型效果,提出一种空间参数曲线曲面自由变形的方法.首先引入基于多项式的伸缩因子,并构造了空间变形矩阵;然后将变形矩阵或伸缩因子作用于待变形曲线曲面方程,从而得到形变效果.实验结果表明,该方法计算简单、易于控制,可得到较好的变形效果.