二次高温养护对高强混凝土抗Cl^-渗透性的影响

利用氯离子快速渗透法（RCM）研究了普通蒸汽养护后（80℃,0.1 MPa）再进行压蒸（180℃,1 MPa）养护,即二次高温养护,对不同胶凝材料体系的高强混凝土抗Cl-渗透性的影响。结果表明：对于纯水泥混凝土,与标养相比,＂蒸养-压蒸＂养护使混凝土抗Cl-渗透性能劣化。掺入粉煤灰、矿粉以及硅灰以等比例取代水泥时,＂蒸养-压蒸＂都较为充分地激发了上述混合材的火山灰活性,但不同掺合料对＂蒸养-压蒸＂后高强混凝土抗Cl-渗透性能影响差别较大。XRD和SEM研究表明上述结果的产生与高温下水化产物的种类和分布有关。     

Research on the Influence of Steam Curing on Properties of C50 Shield Segment Concrete

The effects of steam curing on mechanical properties,drying shrinkage,cracking sensitivity,anti-permeability,and carbonation resistance of C50 shield segment concrete were investigated,which were compared with the standard curing conditions. The results indicated that steam curing could increase early strength of concrete and reduce its drying shrinkage. However,steam curing reduced later strength of concrete,increased its crack sensitivity and deteriorated its anti-permeability and carbonation resistance. Moreover,the incorporation of fly ash could improve the durability of steam-cured concrete.     

Effect of SAP on Properties of High Performance Concrete under Marine Wetting and Drying Cycles

The internal curing effect of superabsorbent polymer(SAP) on the properties of high performance concrete(HPC) under marine wetting and drying cycles(WD cycles) was investigated. Compressive strength, hydration and chloride migration were experimentally investigated and the results were evaluated by compasison with those under fresh water curing(FW). Water absorption and porosity were also evaluated only under WD cycles. The results showed the important influence of wetting and drying cycles on the properties of SAP modified HPC properties. Carefully designed, SAP minimized the long-term compressive strength of HPC under marine WD cycles. The hydration rate was faster in the initial curing, but became lower as compared with that cured in FW. In addition, SAP improved the long-term water absorption resistance and chloride migration resistance of HPC under marine WD cycles. The examination of the porosity showed a lower increase of the volume of capillary pores in SAP modified HPC under long term WD cycles compared with that without SAP. Therefore, internal curing by SAP could improve the durability properties of HPC under marine WD cycles.     

蒸养超细粉煤灰高性能混凝土性能试验研究

研究蒸养条件下超细粉煤灰高性能混凝土的强度、弹性模量和应力-应变行为以及体积稳定性和耐久性能,结合微观测试手段,探讨超细粉煤灰在蒸养条件下的作用效应及其机制.试验结果表明,超细粉煤灰能显著提高混凝土的蒸养适应性,蒸养超细粉煤灰高性能混凝土的后期强度、弹性模量具有较好的增长率.与普通蒸养混凝土相比,蒸养超细粉煤灰高性能混凝土的脆性降低,塑性变形能力明显增强,干燥收缩明显降低,且抗氯离子渗透性能显著提高.超细粉煤灰可改善蒸养条件下混凝土的内部水化产物组成及其孔结构,降低混凝土的孔隙率,提高混凝土耐久性.     

养护条件与暴露环境对氯离子传输的耦合作用

为研究早期养护条件和后期暴露环境作用对混凝土抗氯离子扩散性能的耦合作用效应,选取不同的早期养护条件和海洋暴露环境对混凝土试件进行暴露试验.设定5种环境干湿状况及养护龄期用以模拟施工中出现的不同养护条件,并选取具备不同干湿循环比例的海洋环境对混凝土试件进行6个月的暴露.暴露结束后,通过酸溶法氯离子浓度分布测定及稳态电迁移试验讨论氯离子在混凝土中的传输特性影响.同时还对氯离子在非饱和混凝土中的传输进行数值模拟研究.结果表明,早期的不充分养护和后期的干湿交替环境使得混凝土浅表层的毛细吸附行为和氯离子在浅表层的富集变得十分显著.服役环境的供水能力强,则氯离子在混凝土内部的扩散效应显著;反之,氯离子的扩散效应被弱化.因此提出,在海洋环境中服役的钢筋混凝土结构进行耐久性设计时,必须重视并且考虑早期养护条件和后期暴露环境的干湿循环比例的耦合作用.     

Compressive Strength and Permeability of High-performance Concrete

The compressive strength, chloride penetration resistance and microstructure of two high-performance concretes were examined under three curing conditions. Curing conditions include standard curing (SC), matched curing (MC, which means sealed concrete specimens curing at temperature controlled box) and matched curing of naked concrete (NMC) according to development law of temperature measured in mass concrete on site. Results indicate that concrete under MC and NMC show higher resistance to chloride penetration than the one under SC. Concrete under MC has slightly lower chloride penetration than those under NMC, but the compressive strength of specimens under NMC was higher than the one under MC at 56 d. In addition, concrete under NMC and MC have higher early strength than under SC, especially at early age. However, the order of curing conditions affecting compressive strength of concrete at 248 day is: SC>NMC>MC.     

Design of Eco-friendly Ultra-high Performance Concrete with Supplementary Cementitious Materials and Coarse Aggregate

Aiming to investigate the mix design of eco-friendly UHPC with supplementary cementitious materials and coarser aggregates, we comprehensively studied the workability, microstructure, porosity, compressive strength, flexural strength, and Young's modulus of UHPC. Relationship between compressive strength and Young's modulus was obtained eventually. It is found that the compressive strength, flexural strength, and Young's modulus of UHPC increase by 19.01%, 10.81%, and 5.99%, respectively, when 40 wt% cement is replaced with supplementary cementitious materials. The relationship between compressive strength and Young's modulus of UHPC is an exponential form.     

Synthesis and heavy metal immobilization behaviors of fly ash based gepolymer

Two aspects of studies were carried out: 1) synthesis of geopolymer by using fly ash and metakaolin; 2) Immobilization behaviors of fly ash based geopolymer in a presence of Pb and Cu ions. As for the synthesis of fly ash based geopolymer, 4 different fly ash content (10%, 30%, 50%, 70%) and 3 types of curing regimes (standard curing, steam curing and autoclave curing) were investigated to obtain the optimum synthesis condition based on the compressive and flexural strength. The experimental results show that geopolymer, containing 30% fly ash and synthesized at steam curing (80° for 8 h), exhibits higher mechanical strengths. The compressive and flexural strengths of fly ash based geopolymer reach 32.2 MPa and 7.15 MPa, respectively. Additionally, Infrared (IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were used to characterize the microstructure of the fly ash geopolymer. IR spectra shows that the absorptive band at 1086 cm⁻¹ shifts to lower wave number around 1033 cm⁻¹, and the 6-coordinated Al transforms into 4-coordination during the synthesis of fly ash based geopolymer. The resulting geopolymeric products were X-ray amorphous materials. As for immobilization of heavy metals, the leaching tests were employed to investigate the immobilization behaviors of the fly ash based geopolymer synthesized under the above optimum condition. The leaching tests showed that fly ash based geopolymer can effectively immobilize Cu and Pb heavy metal ions, and the immobilization efficiency reached 90% greater when heavy metals were incorporated in the fly ash geopolymer in the range of 0.1% to 0.3%. The Pb exhibits better immobilization efficiency than the Cu, especially in the case of large dosages of heavy metals.     

掺合料对混凝土耐久性的影响

主要分析了混凝土耐久性和几种掺合料对混凝土耐久性的影响，并进行了一系列的试验研究，其中包括混凝土抗氯离子渗透能力、抗渗性能、抗冻融性能、抗碳化性能、抗碱一集料反应能力等．试验结果表明，掺合料的加入能使混凝土结构变得更为密实，从而明显改善混凝土的耐久性．     

Durability of lining concrete of subsea tunnel under combined action of freeze-thaw cycle and carbonation

Through the fast freeze-thaw cycle test,accelerated carbonation test,and natural carbonation test,the durability performance of lining concrete under combined action of freeze-thaw cycle and carbonation were studied.The experimental results indicate that freeze-thaw cycle apparently accelerates the process of concrete carbonation and carbonation deteriorates the freeze resistance of concrete.Under the combined action of freeze-thaw cycle and carbonation,the durability of lining concrete decreases.The carbonation depth of lining concrete at tunnel openings under freeze-thaw cycles and tunnel condition was predicted.For the high performance concrete with proposed mix ratio,the lining concrete tends to be unsafe because predicted carbonation depth exceeds the thickness of reinforced concrete protective coating.Adopting other measurements simultaneously to improve the durability of lining concrete at the tunnel openings is essential.     

预应力钢绞线与超高性能混凝土黏结性能试验研究

超高性能混凝土(UHPC)是具有超高强度、高韧性、高耐久性的新型水泥基复合材料,UHPC与钢绞线的黏结性能也与普通混凝土存在差异,且缺乏关于超高性能混凝土与钢绞线黏结性能的设计标准。因此,通过对36个常温自然养护的UHPC与钢绞线中心拉拔试验进行研究,研究参数为黏结长度和保护层厚度,根据试验获取了其荷载滑移曲线、破坏形态、黏结强度。分析试验数据表明:UHPC与钢绞线的极限黏结应力为7.01～11.65 MPa,均值为8.78 MPa,明显优于普通混凝土的。当直径为15.2 mm钢绞线的保护层厚度大于30 mm后,保护层厚度对黏结强度的影响较小。相对于普通混凝土,UHPC中1×7钢绞线的传递长度和锚固长度均可减少50%,建议对于抗压强度大于150 MPa的UHPC,钢绞线传递长度取25d,锚固长度取35d。     

水胶比对超高性能混凝土施工与力学性能的影响

兼顾优异施工及力学性能超高性能混凝土（UHPC）研制的重点之一是确定合适的水胶比。为此,以150 MPa级UHPC的原材料和配合比均不变（除用水量外）为前提,研究水胶比（0.15~0.2）对UHPC施工与力学性能的影响规律。通过相关试验得到了UHPC不同湿拌时间的扩展度、充分湿拌时间、静停一段时间的扩展度、抗压、抗折强度、四点弯曲应力挠度曲线、四点弯曲出现可视裂纹时下缘等效拉应力;对抗压、抗折强度进行了变异性分析;利用应力挠度曲线,基于规范法得到了弯曲韧性指标,并提出了其改进方法。结果表明：UHPC达最佳扩展度所需湿拌时间（充分湿拌时间）为6 min;水胶比由0.16增至0.19时UHPC扩展度基本呈线性增长,水胶比每增加0.01,UHPC扩展度平均增幅为109 mm;当水胶比、静停时间分别为0.19、4 h时,扩展度损失40 mm,损失率仅5.9%;UHPC抗压强度、抗折强度及弯曲韧性指标随水胶比的增大皆呈先增后减趋势,当水胶比分别为0.18、0.16和0.16时达到最优;应力峰值前的应力挠度曲线并不是典型全凸形曲线;可视初裂抗折强度约为抗折强度的0.85倍;UHPC试件的弯曲韧性较好,宜采用可视初裂挠度作为初始变形参考进行韧性指标计算;为保证UHPC兼顾良好施工与力学性能,建议湿拌时间、水胶比分别为6 min、0.18或0.185。     

再生骨料混凝土的抗氯离子渗透性试验研究

氯离子侵蚀引起钢筋锈蚀是导致混凝土结构耐久性降低甚至结构破坏的一个主要原因，同样再生骨料混凝土的抗氧离子渗透性直接关系到结构的安全和工程应用的耐久性。鉴于此，用ASTM C1202法对掺入粉煤灰、矿渣等微细矿物掺合料和加入高效减水荆的再生骨料混凝土以及天然骨料的氯离子渗透性进行了对比试验。试验结果表明粉煤灰、矿粉等矿物掺合料可以有效地改善再生骨料混凝土的氯离子渗透性，且随着强度的提高养护龄期的增长，再生骨料混凝土的抗氯离子渗透性增强，试验结果表明虽然再生骨料混凝土的抗氯离子渗透性较天然骨料混凝土差，但仍具有很好的抗氯离子渗透性。     

超高性能混凝土预制节段梁剪切性能有限元分析

超高性能混凝土(UHPC)因具有高强度、高耐久性而被广泛地应用到桥梁工程中,在UHPC预制节段梁中,剪力键的剪切特性因缺少相应的规范而成为大家共同关注的问题。因此,通过有限元软件ABAQUS模拟了UHPC的直剪性能,主要研究参数包括剪切面面积、侧向应力以及接缝类型,分析比较了不同工况下构件的破坏模式以及荷载位移曲线,得出了各参数对UHPC构件之间性能的影响规律。分析表明:随着剪力键剪切面面积的增加,构件的抗剪承载力明显提升;在侧向应力较小时(不高于0.3fc),随着侧向应力的增加,构件的破坏荷载近似线性增加;胶接缝构件因具有良好的整体性能而使抗剪承载力比同条件下干接缝构件的抗剪承载力高16%。此外,日本JSCE规范计算值与数值模拟试验结果吻合良好,表明日本JSCE规范剪力键的设计公式可用于预测UHPC节段接缝抗剪承载能力。     

寒区桥梁用自密实混凝土耐久性研究

通过氯离子迁移渗透试验和冻融损伤后氯离子扩散深度试验,研究自密实混凝土抗氯离子扩散的性能和冻融损伤对氯离子扩散能力的影响。结果表明,自密实混凝土较普通混凝土具有良好的抗氯离子扩散和冻融损伤能力,可提高抵御氯盐侵蚀能力,防止钢筋锈蚀,增强混凝土耐久性。     

碱激发下粉煤灰-市政污泥固废基混凝土抗冻融性能

为改善市政污泥对混凝土抗冻融性能的劣化效果,在氢氧化钠及水玻璃的复合激发下,用经生石灰改性后的市政污泥取代10%细骨料,粉煤灰分别取代10%、20%与30%水泥,制备了混凝土。分析了不同冻融循环次数下,混凝土的表观现象、相对质量、相对动弹性模量、相对抗压强度及微观结构随粉煤灰掺量与碱当量的变化规律,分别以相对动弹性模量与相对抗压强度为损伤变量建立了不同的冻融损伤模型。研究结果表明：随冻融循环次数增加,混凝土表观损伤愈发严重,内部孔隙增多,相对动弹性模量及相对抗压强度显著降低;与对照组相比,粉煤灰及碱激发剂的加入可以改善市政污泥对混凝土冻融耐久性的劣化效果,降低混凝土在冻融循环作用下的质量损失、动弹性模量损失及抗压强度损失;当粉煤灰掺量10%、碱当量4%时,粉煤灰可在碱激发剂及改性污泥中残余碱的联合作用下被较充分地激发,可消纳改性污泥中的残余碱,减弱市政污泥对混凝土抗冻融性能的劣化效果,此时混凝土水化程度最高,在冻融循环作用下的质量损失、动弹性模量损失及抗压强度损失最小,且服役寿命最长,约为16a以上;相对动弹性模量与相对抗压强度相关性良好,分别以两者为损伤变量的冻融损伤模型与试验结果均吻合良好。     

桥梁清水混凝土的耐久性研究

根据桥梁工程特点与服役环境条件,提出桥梁清水混凝土耐久性设计思路与技术途径,制备出满足设计要求的高性能清水混凝土,试验研究其微观孔结构特征、体积变形行为,以及抗氯离子渗透、抗碳化、抗冻与抗硫酸盐侵蚀等耐久性指标。结果表明:制备的桥梁清水混凝土含气量低,结构密实;28 d自收缩率小于3.5×10-4,干燥收缩率小于4.0×10-4,体积稳定性好;C40与C50混凝土56 d电通量分别为819 C与779 C,碳化深度分别为2.3 mm和1.8 mm;300次冻融循环后,质量损失率小于1%,相对动弹模大于95%;150次干湿循环时,抗压强度耐蚀系数在85%以上,耐久性能优越。       

T形配筋应变强化UHPC梁弯曲破坏机理

为分析应变强化UHPC梁弯曲破坏时UHPC和钢筋应变间关系,对5根梁试件进行了三分点加荷纯弯试验,试件变化参数为配筋率和钢筋种类.绘制了钢筋与应变强化UHPC的荷载-挠度曲线,将T形梁破坏过程分成3个阶段:弹性阶段、裂缝发展阶段、持荷至破坏阶段进行分析.并绘制了钢筋与应变强化UHPC的荷载-应变曲线,深入分析了在整个受弯过程中钢筋与UHPC的协同工作性.同时,结合UHPC和钢筋的应力-应变关系,将加载过程分为4个阶段,定量分析每个阶段钢筋和UHPC对抗弯承载力的贡献度.结果表明:钢筋达到屈服应变之前,钢筋与UHPC粘结可靠,保持应变一致性而共同受力;整个受弯过程中,应变强化UHPC抗拉强度提供的抗力与钢筋提供的相比占据重要比例(低配筋率时更大),建议在进行应变强化UHPC截面承载力计算时,应充分考虑UHPC抗拉强度的作用,保证承载能力计算方法的准确性.     

纳米高岭土颗粒改性水泥基复合材料的性能

研究了纳米高岭土颗粒对不同龄期水泥基材料微观结构（微孔结构、微观结构）及物理力学性能（工作性、抗弯强度、抗压强度、氯离子渗透性）的影响。结果表明,纳米高岭土颗粒的填充效应及其对水泥水化的促进作用改善了水泥基材料的微观孔结构,限制了氯离子在水泥基材料中的渗透扩散。当高岭土为水泥质量的1％时,水泥浆1、3、7、90 d抗弯强度分别提高30．41％、39．04％、36．27％和38．32％;当高岭土为水泥质量的5％时,水泥砂浆氯离子扩散系数降低53．03％;混凝土氯离子扩散系数随高岭土掺量增加呈指数递减;当高岭土为水泥质量的5％时,氯离子扩散系数降低18．87％;抗压强度分别提高28．4％;改性混凝土28 d抗压强度与混凝土氯离子扩散系数呈线性增加关系。     

蒸养参数对高强混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能的影响

以非稳态氯离子扩散系数为评价指标,研究了混凝土在蒸养过程中静养时间、升温速度、恒温时间及恒温温度对高强混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能的影响。研究结果表明,静养时间的延长对高强混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能的提高有促进作用,而过快的升温速度、较长的恒温时间及较高的恒温温度均会对混凝土的抗氯离子渗透性能产生不利的影响。