离子液体水热法辅助合成稀土Ce掺杂ZnO纳米材料的制备及其应用研究

以1-甲基咪唑和氯代正丁烷为原料,合成1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐离子液体;以醋酸锌[Zn(Ac)2]、硫酸锌(ZnSO4)和氯化锌(ZnCl2)为锌源,在1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐离子液体和丙氨酸体系中与硝酸铈反应,经水热合成法制备得到Ce掺杂的纳米ZnO。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外-可见光吸收光谱(UV-Vis)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)和红外光谱(FT-IR)对产品进行表征。以亚甲基蓝(MB)为目标降解物,采用UV-Vis检测,考察了Ce掺杂的纳米ZnO的光催化活性。研究表明,焙烧温度对光催化的晶体结构和光催化活性产生较大的影响;2%Ce/ZnO、焙烧温度为500℃、催化时间为30 min、亚甲基蓝用量0.05 g、pH值为10时降解率可达99.5%以上。     

1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐离子液体合成与表征

以1-甲基咪唑和氯代正丁烷为原料,合成1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐离子液体,考察反应条件对产物收率的影响。结果表明,合成1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐离子液体的最佳条件为:反应温度80℃,反应时间40 h,1-甲基咪唑与氯代正丁烷的摩尔比5∶7。对反应产物进行了红外表征,确定了合成产物即为1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐离子液体。     

1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐离子液体合成与表征

以1-甲基咪唑和氯代正丁烷为原料,合成1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐离子液体,考察反应条件对产物收率的影响。结果表明,合成1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐离子液体的最佳条件为:反应温度80℃,反应时间40 h,1-甲基咪唑与氯代正丁烷的摩尔比5∶7。对反应产物进行了红外表征,确定了合成产物即为1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐离子液体。     

Enantioselective epoxidation catalyzed by silicagel supported (Salen)-Mn (Ⅲ) complex in ionic liquid

进行了以Jacobsen催化剂、硅胶型 (Salen)-Mn（Ⅲ）配合物为催化剂（1,2）,以离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐（BMIMBF₄）和1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐（BMIMPF₆）为反应介质,次氯酸钠为氧化剂,乙酸铵为轴向配体催化非官能团烯烃（苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯、茚）的不对称环氧化反应。通过实验对比发现,反应介质离子液体与二氯甲烷相比可以有效提高催化反应的速率和ee值,并且离子液体BMIMPF₆辅助催化能力高于（BMIMBF₄）;硅胶载体型配合物在离子液中催化烯烃具有比均相Jacobsen催化剂更好的立体催化效果。如a-甲基苯乙烯,在离子液BMIMPF₆反应中获到97%～100%的ee值,且反应循环5次后催化剂活性没有明显的下降。     

离子液体辅助硅胶型(Salen)-Mn(Ⅲ)催化烯烃不对称环氧化

进行了以Jacobsen催化剂、硅胶型(Salen)-Mn(Ⅲ)配合物为催化剂(1,2),以离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐(BMIMBF4)和1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐(BMIMPF6)为反应介质,次氯酸钠为氧化剂,乙酸铵为轴向配体催化非官能团烯烃(苯乙烯、α-甲基笨乙烯、茚)的不对称环氧化反应.通过实...     

1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐的合成研究

以1-溴丁烷和N-甲基咪唑为原料合成了中间体溴化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑,以中间体与NaBF4进行复分解反应制备了离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐。探讨了投料比、反应时间、反应温度对中间体和1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐产率的影响,确定了最佳合成条件。在此工艺条件下,1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐产率可达85%以上。     

咪唑类离子液体的合成及其对氯苯的吸收-解吸性能研究

以溴代正丁烷、Ⅳ甲基咪唑为原料,合成了咪唑类离子液体1丁基3甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([Bmim] PF6)和1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([Bmim] BF4),通过红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱表征了离子液体结构;以离子液体为吸收剂进行氯苯气体吸收实验,考察了吸收温度、吸收时间、进气氯苯浓度等对离子液体吸收氯苯气体性能的影响...     

碳纳米石墨片吸附1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐的研究

本实验研究了碳纳米石墨片材料对离子液的吸附性能。以硫酸为电解液,石墨棒作为阳极,石墨片作为阴极,通过电解方法制备碳纳米材料。通过实验比较研究碳纳米材料在不同环境条件下对离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐的吸附性能,结果表明,温度越低,对吸附反应更有利,在反应进行到120分钟左右,吸附反应基本达到平衡。     

离子液体合成含溴1，3，4-噻二唑的研究

采用无溶剂一锅法合成了1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐离子液体([bmim]BF4),反应原料N-甲基咪唑、溴代正丁烷和四氟硼酸钾在水浴中搅拌反应3 h,收率为91.8%。然后以1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐离子液体催化合成含溴1,3,4-噻二唑类化合物,反应条件为:反应温度95～100℃,反应时间2 h,收率为58.3%。用减压蒸馏的简单方法将离子液体分离出来。研究结果表明,用离子液体[bmim]BF4合成含溴1,3,4-噻二唑的方法比传统方法即用浓硫酸作催化剂的方法的收率高6.7%。     

室温离子液体1-烷基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸甲酯的合成及电导率研究

利用硫酸二甲酯分别与N-甲基及N-丁基咪唑在室温下反应,一步合成了离子液体1-甲基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸甲酯和1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸甲酯,测定了在不同温度下离子液体的电导率.结果表明:随着温度的升高,离子液体的电导率迅速增加;同时电导率与温度的变化关系符合多项式方程和Vogel-Tammann-Fulcher(VTF)方程.     

Removal of Reactive Red 198 from aqueous solution by combined method multi-walled carbon nanotubes and zero-valent iron:Equilibrium,kinetics, and thermodynamic

Dyes often include toxic,carcinogenic compounds and are harmful to humans' health.Therefore,removal of dyes from textile industry wastewater is essential.The present study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the combination of zero valent iron(ZVI) powder and multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs) in the removal of Reactive Red 198(RR198) dye from aqueous solution.This applied research was performed in a batch system in the laboratory scale.This study investigated the effect of various factors influencing dye removal,including contact time,p H,adsorbent dose,iron powder dose,initial dye concentration,and temperature.The equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed using three common adsorption models:Langmuir,Freundlich and Temkin.Besides,kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were used to establish the adsorption mechanism.The results showed,in pH =3,contact time = 100 min,ZVI dose = 5000 mg·L~(-1),and MWCNTs dose = 600 mg·L~(-1)in 100 mg·L~(-1)dye concentration,the adsorption efficiency increased to 99.16%.Also,adsorption kinetics was best described by the pseudo-second-order model.Equilibrium data fitted well with the Freundlich isotherm(R2= 0.99).The negative values of ΔG0and the positive value of ΔH0(91.76) indicate that the RR198 adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic.According to the results,the combination of MWCNTs and ZVI was highly efficient in the removal of azo dyes.     

From pollutant to solution of wastewater pollution: Synthesis of activated carbon from textile sludge for dye adsorption

Adsorption is an important process in wastewater treatment,and conversion of waste materials to adsorbent offers a solution to high material cost related to the use of commercial activated carbon.This study investigated the adsorption behaviour of Reactive Black 5(RB5)and methylene blue(MB)onto activated carbon produced from textile sludge(TSAC).The activated carbon was synthesized through chemical activation of precursor followed with carbonization at 650°C under nitrogen flow.Effects of time(0–200 min),pH(2–10),temperature(25–60°C),initial dye concentration(0–200 mg·L~(-1)),and adsorbent dosage(0.01–0.15 g)on dye removal efficiency were investigated.Preliminary screening revealed that TSAC synthesized via H_2SO_4activation showed higher adsorption behaviour than TSAC activated by KCl and ZnCl_2.The adsorption capacity of TSAC was found to be 11.98 mg·g~(-1)(RB5)and 13.27 mg·g~(-1)(MB),and is dependent on adsorption time and initial dye concentration.The adsorption data for both dyes were well fitted to Freundlich isotherm model which explains the heterogeneous nature of TSAC surface.The dye adsorption obeyed pseudo-second order kinetic model,thus chemisorption was the controlling step.This study reveals potential of textile sludge in removal of dyes from aqueous solution,and further studies are required to establish the applicability of the synthesized adsorbent for the treatment of waste water containing toxic dyes from textile industry.     

Lysozyme adsorption to cation exchanger derivatized by sequential modification of poly(ethylenimine)-Sepharose with succinic anhydride and ethanolamine: Effect of pH and ionic strength

In our previous work, a series of polyethylenimine(PEI)-derived cation exchangers were synthesized using PEIgrafted resin FF-PEI-L740(ionic capacity, 740 mmol·L~(-1)) as the basic resin to study lysozyme adsorption and chromatographic behavior. It was found that the resin with an ionic capacity of 630 mmol·L~(-1)(FF-PEI-CR630)possessed high adsorption performance towards lysozyme at 0–100 mmol·L~(-1) Na Cl. Therefore, in this work,FF-PEI-CR630 was selected to study the influences of pH and ionic strength(IS) on protein adsorption and chromatographic behavior towards lysozyme. The increase of lysozyme adsorption capacity in the pH range of 6 to 10 was observed. However, the uptake rate decreased in the pH range of 6 to 8 and then remained essentially unchanged from pH 8 to pH 10. Increasing IS led to decreased protein adsorption capacity and increased uptake rate in different pH ranges. Besides, FF-PEI-CR630 maintained dynamic binding capacity as high as over150 mg·ml~(-1) at pH 8–10 without NaCl. The research has thus provided insight into the selection of proper pH and IS conditions for protein purification by using FF-PEI-CR630.     

Removal of Cd（II） by Nanometer AIO（OH） Loaded on Fiberglass with Activated Carbon Fiber Felt as Carrier

A new nanometer material, nanometer AlO（OH） loaded on the fiberglass with activated carbon fibers felt（ACF） as the carrier, was prepared by hydrolytic reaction for the removal of Cd（II） from aqueous solution using column adsorption experiment. As was confirmed by XRD determination, the hydrolysis production loaded on fiberglass was similar to the orthorhombic phase AlO（OH）. SEM images showed that AlO（OH） particles were in the form of small aggregated clusters. The Thomas model was applied for estimating the kinetic parameters and the saturated adsorption ability of Cd（II） adsorption on the new adsorbent. The results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of Cd（II） was 128.50 mg·g^-1 and 117.86 mg·g^-1 for the adsorbent mass of 0.3289 g and the adsorbent mass of 0.2867 g, respectively. The elution experiment result indicated that the adsorbed Cd ions was easily desorbed from the material with 0.1 mol·L^-1 HCl solution. Adsorption-desorption cycles showed the feasibility of repealed uses of the composited material. The adsorption capacities were influenced by pH and the initial Cd（II） concentration. The amount adsorbed was greatest at pH 6.5 and the initial Cd（II） concentration of 0.07 mg·L^-1, respectively. Nanometer AlO（OH） played a major role in the adsorption process, whereas the fiberglass and ACF were assistants in the process of removing Cd（II）. In addition, the adsorption capacities for Cd（II） were obviously reduced from 128.50 mg·L^-1 to 64.28 mg·L^-1 when Pb ions were present because Pb ions took up more adsorption sites.     

粘质沙雷氏菌HB-4吸附重金属镉的机制

从重金属污染土壤中筛选出1株对Cd²⁺具有高耐受能力和高吸附容量的菌株HB-4,经16S rDNA序列分析鉴定为粘质沙雷氏菌（Serratia marcescens）。该菌株能在Cd²⁺浓度为300 mg·L^-1的条件下正常生长;对Cd²⁺的最大吸附量为（154.7±0.9（ mg·g^-1。考察了Cd²⁺初始浓度、pH、盐浓度以及共存离子对HB-4吸附Cd²⁺的影响,结果表明：pH=3.0~8.0时,对吸附效果无影响;NaCl含量为8.0%时,菌株对Cd²⁺的去除率仍可达到49.9%±0.1%;Pb²⁺、Zn²⁺、Cu²⁺与Cd²⁺共存时,几种重金属离子的去除率分别为98.7%±0.2%（Pb²⁺）、44.6%±0.6%（Zn²⁺）、52.7%±0.1%（Cu²⁺）和64.2%±0.3%（Cd²⁺）。解吸实验证明了HB-4对Cd²⁺极强的吸附能力,洗脱液pH=7.0时,解吸率小于2%。检测了细胞内外镉的分布情况,并利用SEM、XPS和FTIR对吸附机理进行了研究,推断HB-4对Cd²⁺的吸附机理为胞外吸附和胞内摄取。     

Hydrothermal synthesis of zeolitic material from circulating fluidized bed combustion fly ash for the highly efficient removal of lead from aqueous solution

The utilization of coal fly ash derived from circulating fluidized bed combustion(CFBFA) still faces great challenges because of its unique characteristics. In this study, a zeolitic material with Na-P1 zeolite as the main phase was successfully synthesized via a hydrothermal method by using CFBFA as the raw material.The effects of hydrothermal temperature, time, and added CTAB amount on the characterizations of synthesized materials were investigated by XRD, SEM, and XPS. The properties of the ...     

Removal of Rhodamine B from aqueous solutions and wastewater by walnut shells: kinetics,equilibrium and thermodynamics studies

An adsorption study of Rhodamine B (RB) dye from aqueous solutions was carried out using walnut shells pretreated by different methods. In addition to the effects of the pretreatment, the effects of various parameters like pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, initial dye concentration and temperature on the adsorption of RB was studied. The adsorption process was highly pH dependent and a maximum adsorption was achieved at pH 3.0. The best fit for the rates of dye adsorption was a pseudo-second-order kinetic model with good correlation coefficients (R²>0.99). Langmuir isotherms were used to determine that the maximum loading capacity of the different walnut shells and the RB capacities ranged from 1.451–2.292 mg·g^-1. The dye adsorption was also evaluated thermodynamically. Positive standard enthalpy (?H°) values were obtained indicating that the RB adsorption process is endothermic as well as ?G° and ?S° values showed that adsorption process is spontaneous with an increased randomness at the solid-liquid interface. Desorption studies were carried out to explore the feasibility of regenerating the used walnut shells and it was found that 97.71%–99.17% of the retained RB was recovered with 0.1 mol?L^-1 NaOH solution. The walnut shells were also successfully used to remove RB from industrial effluents.     

Adsorption of methyl orange from aqueous solution by composite magnetic microspheres of chitosan and quaternary ammonium chitosan derivative

Novel composite magnetic microspheres containing chitosan and quaternary ammonium chitosan derivative (CHMMs) were prepared by inverse suspension method, and used for the methyl orange (MO) removal from aqueous solutions. The CHMMs were characterized by a scanning electron microscope, a transmission electron microscope, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, respectively. Compared with the chitosan beads, the incorporation of quaternary ammonium chitosan derivative significantly reduced the particle size. The MO adsorption by CHMMs was investigated by batch adsorption experiments. The adsorption kinetics was conformed to the pseudo second-order kinetics equation. The adsorption isotherm followed the Langmuir model better than the Freundlich model and the calculated maximum MO adsorption capacity was 266.6 mg·g^-1 at 293 K. Thermodynamic studies indicated that the MO adsorption was endothermic in nature with the enthalpy change (ΔH°) of 99.44 kJ·mol^-1. The CHMMs had a stable performance for MO adsorption in the pH range of 4-10, but high ionic strength deteriorated the MO removal due to the shielding of the ion exchange interaction. A 1 mol·L^-1 NaCl solution could be used to regenerate the exhausted CHMMs. The proposed CHMMs can be used as an effective adsorbent for dye removal or recovery from the dye wastewater.     

Treatment of compost leachate by the combination of coagulation and membrane process☆

This study describes the treatment of composting leachate by the combination of coagulation and nanofiltration process.Poly ferric sulfate(PSF) was used as coagulant,and the effect of p H value and PSF dosage on the coagulation performance was investigated.The results indicated that the chemical oxidation demand(COD)and turbidity removal efficiency could reach to 62.8% and 75.3%,respectively at an optimum dosage of1200 mg·L~(-1)at p H 6.0.During the nanofiltration process,the operation conditions such as temperature and pressure were optimized,89.7% of COD,78.2% of TOC,72.5% of TN,83.2% of TP,and 78.6% of NH3-N were retained when tested at 0.6 MPa at 25 °C.The final leachate effluent concentration of COD,BOD5,NH3-N,TOC,SS was92 mg·L~(-1),31 mg·L~(-1),21 mg·L~(-1),73 mg·L~(-1)and 23 mg·L~(-1),respectively,which reached the local discharge standard.The combination of coagulation-filtration is useful for composting leachate treatment.     

Characterization of recuperating talent of white-rot fungi cells to dye-contaminated soil/water

This study was purposed to explore the decolorization of dyes by fungi on either a soil or in a liquid medium and to determine the application through batch shaking system. Two commercial dyes were decolorized and studied with four fungal strains in three media. Fungal growth is the best in malt extract/glucose medium for all organisms. Decolorization of reactive blue 220 and methyl red was investigated in soil medium by Trametes versicolor. These dyes were removed 91% and 80% for methyl red and reactive blue 220 respectively(dye concentration; 100 mg·L~(-1)) by both organisms. Enzymatic activities were monitored. Laccase(Lac) and manganese peroxidase(Mn P) were detected. MnP enzyme had important role for the dye decolorization. This study demonstrates that it is possible to decolorize some synthetic dyes, which would be highly advanced for dye containing wastewater and soil. These applications could be used for dye bioremediation.