小波技术在曲面变形中的应用

曲面光顺过程会导致曲面形状有很大改变。介绍一种光顺变形后曲面的一种新方法,这种算法根据小波分解的原理除去局部变形后曲面的高频部分,保留其低频部分,采用B-Spline小波捕捉小波分解过程中丢失的细节信息,光顺曲面,使得变形后的曲面能够很好地保持其原有的总体形态,并且满足一定的连续性要求。小波分解,曲面局部变形产生的棱或尖点得到有效的光顺处理。小波分解的计算快速、稳定,特别适合光顺由多控制顶点定义的曲面。     

非均匀有理B样条曲线的多分辨光顺研究

针对非均匀有理B样条(NURBS)曲线节点分布不均匀和控制顶点任意个数的情况,基于小波技术的NURBS曲线光顺算法需要进一步完善。该文基于NURBS,着重研究了非均匀B样条小波的精确构造:通过NURBS基函数构建了重构矩阵的零空间求解方程,并针对非均匀B样条所构建的系数矩阵改善了零空间求解方法,实现了非均匀B样条小波的构造。从而实现了任意控制顶点的NURBS曲线多分辨光顺。文章最后通过对旗鱼脊线的光顺,验证了该算法的实用性和稳定性。     

任意控制顶点曲线多分辨光顺中的快速小波构造

在曲线曲面光顺领域,任意分辨率小波光顺将小波光顺技术推广到了一般领域,大大提高了其应用范围,但是多分辨分析小波光顺的重构算法至今没有完善。文章着重研究了任意控制顶点曲线多分辨光顺过程中,重构矩阵的具体算法。该算法将小波重构归纳为零空间的求解问题,并通过系数矩阵E构造m-n个矩阵Ei,对其进行分解与简化,保证了得到的解为对角占优的带状矩阵,实现了重构矩阵的快速求解,从而快速地实现了紧支集小波构造。文章最后通过光顺一条叶片截面线,对算法进行了验证,说明了该算法的准确性与稳定性。     

准均匀三次B样条曲线的多分辨率光顺

研究了准均匀三次B样条曲线的多分辨率光顺法,在B样条曲线两种不同定义及方法的基础上,详细描述了准均匀三次B样条曲线的多分辨率表示,并最终实现了三次B样条曲线的小波分解与重构算法。实例研究表明,多分辨光顺算法在提取高频细节后,能够快速实现对曲线的滤波和光顺,并且在光顺的同时,具有减少控制顶点、压缩数据的能力,兼具简单性和快速性的优点。     

半正交B样条小波及其在曲线曲面光顺中的应用

基于B样条基函数及其对应的小波不具有平移正交性,因而不能用现有Mallat快速算法进行小波分析的特点,从B样条基函数以及多分辨分析的定义出发,用严格的数学推导实现半正交B样条小波的分解重构算法。详细阐述该算法在准均匀三次B样条曲线中的运用,并给出一条复杂曲线及一个复杂曲面的分解重构实例,表明该方法能够在复杂曲线曲面的光顺中取得良好效果。     

基于非均匀B样条小波的NURBS曲面光顺

将非均匀B样条小波分解方法用于曲面光顺。通过整体光顺度量确定曲面整体光顺的方向，进而通过曲面整体小波分解实现曲面的整体光顺；通过曲面在节点对处的局部光顺度量，确定要光顺的节点及方向，然后用最小区域算法实现曲面的局部光顺；给出了一种由用户交互指定光顺区域的区域光顺方法；用细节部分的再次分解控制曲面的光顺误差；通过施加约束解决光顺前后曲面边界位置和切矢不变的问题；对于计算的稳定性及可能出现的奇异情况给出了论述。这些光顺算法在浙江大学开发的反求工程CAD软件RE-SOFT中的实际应用效果表明，基于非均匀B样条小波分解的NURBS曲面光顺算法能够有效地去除曲面上的坏点，改善曲面的品质。     

基于联合细分的曲线网插值曲面的光顺性研究

分析了插值于曲线网的联合细分曲面存在不光顺现象的原因后,将曲线2阶差分算子和曲线顶点邻近点的修正算法,发展成为非均匀2阶差分算子和非均匀修正算子;然后在原始网格加密过程中,采用曲率流方法,在网格法向上移动控制顶点来调整网格形状,从而消除极限曲面上的扁平、凹陷现象,得到光顺的极限曲面,扩展了联合细分的应用范围。     

保持型面特征的网格曲面光顺算法

针对网格曲面光顺存在局部型面细节丢失及整体光顺效果差的问题,结合三角Bézier面片具有精确插值产品型面的优点及G1连续曲面具备整体光顺的特性,提出一种保持型面特征的网格曲面光顺方法,该方法从原始网格曲面提取型面特征网格,将其作为参数域构建G1连续光顺参考曲面,通过将网格曲面顶点调整到参考曲面上,实现网格曲面的光顺处理。实验证明该方法可在有效保留原始网格曲面细节特征的情况下获得理想的整体光顺效果,并且具备较高的运行效率。     

自由曲面的小波分解技术研究

小波技术是一种新的时频分析工具。叙述了二维小波的构造过程,给出了准均匀双三次B样条曲面的小波分解和重构算法。利用小波分解技术对自由曲面进行了光顺,并通过实例说明了小波光顺的优越性。     

裁剪B样条曲面重建算法研究

提出了具有不规则边界的裁剪B样条曲面重建方法。采用基准平面对数据点进行参数化，并建立以B样条曲面控制顶点为未知量的超定方程组；提出了基于有效点判别条件的孔洞识别算法，通过对孔洞区域的控制顶点施加顶点形状保持约束,确保方程组最小二乘解的存在；基于误差控制重构B样条曲面整体覆盖数据区域，通过边界线提取或曲面求交剪裁来重构裁剪曲面的边界。该方法具有符合设计意图、曲面在孔洞区域具有良好的形状一致性、曲面重构精度高等特点。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.