考虑部件失效相关的履带车辆传动箱可靠性分析

在以履带车辆传动箱为对象进行研究的过程中,考虑部件间失效相关这一重要失效形式对传动箱可靠性的影响,利用部件的动态可靠度模型计算主要失效部件的可靠度,结合部件寿命分布函数与可靠性间的关系,得到传动箱内主要部件的寿命分布函数随时间变化的曲线,进一步使用最小二乘法估算出主要零部件的寿命分布函数。在此基础上,绘制部件间的二元频率直方图,选择合适的Copula函数,建立在部件失效相关条件下的传动箱系统可靠性模型,利用Copula函数可以避免运算的繁琐性及部件间相关系数求解的复杂性。使用逐层分块分析法合理划分传动箱系统结构,并用Matlab软件估算部件间相关参数,得到了传动箱系统寿命分布函数随时间及部件失效相关参数的变化规律,对传动箱的设计与维护具有一定的指导意义。     

零件失效寿命相关的储备系统Copula可靠性模型

基于Copula函数,刻画当前工作零件寿命和储备零件工作寿命之间的相关结构,给出了2单元冷、温储备不可修系统可靠度计算模型。利用阿基米德Copula函数的可加性,通过迭代和降维,解决了n个寿命异型非指数分布零件构成的储备系统可靠度建模问题。根据极大似然估计和k-s检验思想,给出零件失效寿命相关程度参数的估计方法及相关结构的选择准则。最后,通过算例,说明该理论方法的可行性、有效性。     

Vine Copula模型的失效动态相关机械系统可靠性分析

提出机械系统的失效动态相关可靠性可采用动态Vine Copula模型进行描述。采用Vine Copula函数将复杂多失效相关的机械系统可靠性问题转换为对多个二维动态Copula函数进行分析。利用非参数估计算法,提出经验分布函数-局部极大似然两步法估计动态Copula函数中的时变参数,从而建立动态Vine Copula模型来描述多失效动态相关机械系统的可靠性;并重点对机械系统的串联体系可靠性进行建模与分析,进而对机械系统的可靠度进行求解。最后通过单级减速器系统的算例验证了所述方法的合理性及有效性。     

零件失效相关表决系统Copula可靠性模型

零部件失效相关是降低冗余系统可靠性的重要原因.从分解零部件失效相关结构和寿命边缘分布的角度,综合考虑了k/n(G)表决系统中导致失效相关的两类因素:共因失效和从属失效.运用Copula函数的相关性理论,建立了零部件失效相关的k/n(G)系统可靠度计算模型.因为无需确定零部件寿命向量的联合密度函数,且用低重差分运算替代了多重积分运算,反映了模型的简捷性和实用性.通过系统可靠度随零部件数目的变化曲线,验证了Copula可靠度理论的合理性;给出了模型中相关程度参数估计的两种统计方法.最后,算例说明了模型的有效性.     

基于鞍点逼近的机械零件可靠性Copula分析方法

应用鞍点逼近方法可以获得各失效模式功能函数的概率密度函数和分布函数。针对具有相关失效模式的机械零部件,使用鞍点逼近方法求得各功能函数的概率分布函数,利用各功能函数的概率分布函数值优化估计Copula待定参数,实现各功能函数间的联合概率分布函数的Copula建模,从而可以利用鞍点逼近方法和Copula函数实现机械零部件的可靠性分析。在实例计算中,与Monte Carlo法计算结果对比验证该理论方法的可行性,为具有相关失效模式的机械零部件可靠性分析提供新途径。     

基于Copula失效相关结构系统的失效概率计算

针对具有相关失效模式的结构系统可靠性分析问题,提出利用Copula计算结构系统的失效概率。Copula函数可以采用多种边缘分布函数来推求联合分布函数,构造随机变量间的相关结构。该方法分别以各失效模式的功能函数值为Copula分析变量,利用MATLAB软件和Monte Carlo模拟法产生的随机抽样数据估计Copula参数,实现各功能函数间的联合概率分布函数的Copula建模,从而可以利用Copula计算结构系统的失效概率。最后用工程算例验证该理论方法的可行性,为具有相关失效模式的结构系统可靠性分析提供新途径。     

考虑强度退化与失效相关性的RV减速器动态可靠性分析

强度退化和失效相关性对机械系统的可靠度有显著影响,目前尚无同时考虑上述因素的RV减速器动态可靠性分析方法。根据RV减速器的结构特点,建立了基于强度退化理论的RV减速器零件动态可靠度分析模型,分析了强度退化对RV减速器零件可靠度的影响规律;通过推导出的耦合两级传动子部件可靠度的Copula函数描述零部件间的失效相关性,建立了RV减速器系统动态可靠性分析模型,研究了失效相关性对系统可靠性的影响规律;对影响RV减速器可靠性的主要设计参数进行了灵敏度分析,获得了各参数的灵敏度排序,为RV减速器的可靠性优化设计奠定了基础。     

基于Copula函数的失效相关构件可靠度计算

相关性可靠度的计算是可靠性工程的重点和难点。利用刻画相关性最有力的工具Copula函数,给出关于失效相关构件可靠度计算的新方法(Copula-Reliability算法),验证多模式失效的机械零件可靠度值是介于独立假设理论计算值和薄弱环节理论计算值之间的一个连续变化过程,克服Dietlevsen窄界、主次失效模式、独立性假设等方法的局限性。该方法不需要确定n种失效模式的联合密度函数,且用n重差分运算代替n重积分运算,简化了计算。通过实例与别的方法进行比较,说明方法的有效性、精确性。     

基于Vine Copula模型的失效相关机械零件可靠性分析

针对多失效模式相关的机械零部件,利用Copula函数描述相关性方面的优势,提出了一种多失效模式相关机械零部件的可靠性建模方法。基于Vine Copula函数将复杂多失效相关的机械零件可靠性问题转换为对多个二维Copula函数进行分析,采用极大似然估计法和AIC信息准则识别最优二维Copula函数。机械零部件失效模式相对较少,获得失效样本就少。为了避免AIC值的变异性,基于改进参数的Bootstrap法提出了失效样本容量较小时最优二维Copula函数的识别。利用Matlab进行模拟检验了改进参数Bootstrap法可行性,进而运用Vine Copula模型来求解多失效模式相关机械零部件的可靠度。最后通过传动轴的算例与其它方法进行比较得出所述方法的合理性、有效性。     

基于多元退化数据的RV减速器可靠性评估

针对RV减速器的可靠性评估需求，结合减速器传动误差及回差的性能退化试验数据，分别建立了可用于描述减速器性能退化过程的Gamma过程传动误差及回差退化模型，利用最大似然估计法对退化模型参数进行估计。以上述两种模型作为一元边缘分布函数，通过Copula函数建立了RV减速器二元退化模型，并对该减速器的可靠性及预期失效寿命进行了评估。结果表明，基于传动误差和回差退化模型的可靠度评估结果与试验结果基本一致，模型能够较为准确地描述RV减速器的性能退化过程。Gaussian Copula函数较适合描述RV减速器二元退化指标间的相关性；采用该函数可得出该工况条件下RV减速器在任意可靠度时的预估失效寿命。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.