基于参数辨识的矿用自卸车平顺性优化

矿用自卸车行驶路况非常恶劣,为改善某型矿用自卸车的平顺性,需要得到油气悬架非线性刚度阻尼特性。利用具有紧支撑正交特性的Daubechies小波和最小二乘法原理辨识油气悬架物理参数,将时变刚度阻尼离散为正交尺度函数下的线性组合,从而把辨识时变物理参数的"黑箱"问题转化为已知尺度函数序列和系统的输入输出来估计线性组合中的时不变系数问题。为验证辨识的刚度阻尼值,在Adams/view中建立整车多体动力学模型,得知辨识参数下的加速度时域响应和功率谱密度与试验结果相差无几,从而验证了该方法的有效性。借助遗传算法优化油气悬架的物理参数,将辨识结果作为优化变量的初始条件,以座椅垂直方向加速度方均根值为目标,优化后目标值下降了51.84%,达到了改善平顺性的目的。     

基于平顺性的同侧耦连油气悬架系统参数研究

为研究同侧耦连油气悬架系统参数对车辆行驶平顺性的影响,针对某60 t矿用铰接式自卸车,运用SIMPACK建立整车动力学模型,运用AMESim建立全液压悬架模型,并以Simulink为平台进行了联合仿真试验,分析同侧耦连油气悬架系统的初始充气压力和连通管路直径对自卸车车身质心加速度和车辆总加权加速度均方根值等指标的影响规律。仿真结果表明:在研究范围内该悬架系统的初始充气压力越小、连通管路直径越大,自卸车的行驶平顺性越好。     

基于刚柔耦合模型的电动轮自卸车平顺性分析与优化

为了分析和优化自卸车的平顺性,在国内某矿山上对某国产大型电动轮自卸车进行了平顺性试验,得到了其甲板、座椅等位置的振动加速度并进行了分析,结果表明,其行驶平顺性较差,应当对其进行优化。为了提高平顺性分析动力学模型的精确性,建立了包含柔性化车架的整车刚柔耦合多体动力学模型,并通过试验数据对模型进行了验证,结果表明,所建立的模型精度比纯刚体动力学模型提高了11.5%。针对非线性油气悬架的特点,以油气悬架结构参数为设计变量,以平顺性综合评价值为目标函数,建立了平顺性优化近似模型,采用Pointer算法对其平顺性进行了优化,结果表明,优化后自卸车的平顺性提高了27%。     

基于平顺性的油气悬架参数动态分析与优化

以提高汽车行驶平顺性为目的,对油气悬架系统参数进行优化.建立油气悬架系统的二自由度1/4车辆数学模型.基于数学模型,在Matlab/Simulink软件中利用模块组合的方法建立仿真模型,并构建以车身垂直方向的加权加速度均方根值为目标函数的优化模型.优化算法采用遗传算法,通过编程将仿真模型、优化模型结合起来,实现Simulink、遗传算法对油气悬架系统参数的动态联合优化设计.利用该方法对某矿用自卸车前油气悬架设计阶段的结构参数进行优化,仿真结果表明:由该方法确定的油气悬架结构参数使车身垂直方向的加权加速度均方根值下降29.35%,加速度功率谱密度共振峰值降低23.6%,从而明显改善了汽车的行驶平顺性,同时也为其他类型的非线性悬架系统的动态优化设计提供了借鉴.     

矿用自卸车两级压力式油气悬架特性分析

矿用自卸车具有载重量大、能够在恶劣路况行驶的特点,油气悬架因其刚度和阻尼的非线性特性能较好适应外载荷激励变化,在大型工程车辆中得到广泛应用。为解决单气室油气悬架在车辆重载时刚度过高的问题,设计了一种新型两级压力式油气悬架,并以某型矿用自卸车1/4油气悬架为研究对象,通过仿真和实验对比分析了单气室油气悬架与两级压力式油气悬架在通过路面障碍物时的系统输出特性。结果表明:通过高度120 mm的路面障碍时,与单气室油气悬架相比,两级压力式油气悬架的油缸峰值压力降低了12.54%;活塞压缩行程的最大位移增加了37 mm,这将更有利于保持车身姿态,提高防侧倾能力;车辆振动的加速度峰值降低了26.10%,功率谱密度峰值降低了27.52%,车辆行驶平顺性得到明显改善。     

基于模糊PID控制的矿用自卸车满载和空载平顺性优化

为了进一步满足矿用自卸车在空载和满载两种工况下的平顺要求,建立了1/4车辆二自由度矿用自卸车主动悬架模型。分别使用PID控制器和模糊PID控制两种控制方式。以车身垂直加速度和车身垂直加速度变化率作为控制器的输入信号,对主动悬架系统进行仿真分析。对空载和满载两种工况下的矿用自卸车轮胎动载荷、悬架动行程和垂直加速度的均方根值进行比较。结果表明,被动悬架空载时的车辆平顺性要比满载时差。垂直加速度值差异最为明显,相差了91.10%。使用两种控制方式对两种工况都有优化效果,模糊PID的优化效果要更好,空载比满载的优化效果好,垂直加速度的优化效果要比其他两个好。     

某矿用汽车平顺性仿真分析

以某重型矿用汽车为具体的研究对象,建立该矿用汽车的整车虚拟样机模型,对该矿用汽车多种工况下的行驶平顺性进行仿真分析,并根据平顺性指标对其进行评价。从评价结果可以看出,该车型整体平顺性良好,但少数工况评分值较低,尚有进一步优化的空间,还需要进一步调整油气悬架的设计参数以及调校参数等,使整车的平顺性能更好。     

铰接式自卸车不同悬架结构整车平顺性分析

车辆的平顺性反映了整车品质的一个重要因素,针对采用油气平衡悬架、摆臂平衡梁的铰接式自卸车平顺性进行对比分析。根据两种形式车辆的结构特点,基于拉格朗日方程分别建立10自由度油气平衡悬架整车平顺性动力学模型和8自由度摆臂平衡梁结构整车平顺性动力学模型。采用正弦波叠加法模拟随机路面,时域内对两种动力学模型求解,通过平顺性评价指标对两种整车模型进行了评价。结果表明:满载工况的平顺性优于空载工况;两种整车模型的平顺性都有待于进一步完善,相比而言油气平衡悬架模型的平顺性优于摆臂平衡梁,但考虑其复杂的悬架结构、密封工艺及成本,选择摆臂平衡梁结构为所设计电传动铰接式自卸车的后悬结构。     

铰接式自卸车动态侧倾稳定性仿真研究

针对某装配有油气悬架系统的60t六轮矿用铰接式自卸车,运用Simpack建立了考虑前后车体侧倾的整车10自由度动力学模型,并与Simulink及AMESim软件进行了整车动力学联合仿真以研究自卸车的动态侧倾稳定性。在考虑油气悬架响应特性的基础上,进行平路和坡道上的稳态回转试验仿真,分析了行车速度、铰接转向角、转向角速度以及坡度角等运动参数对前车侧倾角和侧向加速度的影响规律。仿真结果为工厂的实车试验和铰接式自卸车运输安全的提升提供了理论依据。     

后悬架结构对铰接式自卸车平顺性影响分析

悬架结构对车辆平顺性具有重要影响,对电传动铰接式自卸车独立式摆臂平衡梁式和油气平衡后悬架结构对整车平顺性影响进行对比分析,通过平顺性评价指标对两种模型进行评价。针对油气弹簧非线性特性,运用泰勒展开将油气弹簧非线性弹性力展开成5次多项式形式。根据两种形式悬架结构特点,通过拉格朗日方程分别建立10自由度油气平衡悬架整车平顺性动力学模型和8自由度摆臂平衡梁结构整车平顺性动力学模型。采用正弦波叠加法模拟随机路面,时域内对两种动力学模型进行求解,通过平顺性评价指标对两种整车模型进行评价。分析在ISO C级路面、车速30km/h分别空载和满载两种典型工况进行两种悬架结构整车性能分析。结果可知:两种悬架结构整车满载工况平顺性要优于空载;两种模型平顺性在满足8小时"疲劳—降低工效"时间要求上,需要进一步对其结构进行改善和优化;相比而言油气平衡悬架模型平顺性优于摆臂平衡梁。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.