基于对数压缩的超声各向异性扩散去噪方法

针对当前超声图像去噪算法很难同时做到降噪和边缘保持的情况,在进行各向异性扩散模型研究的基础上,提出基于对数压缩的改进各向异性扩散算法（LCAD）去除超声散斑噪声。算法将图像对数压缩后进行噪声分布模型估计,然后构造基于广义伽马分布的扩散系数,在扩散过程中达到降噪和边缘保持效果。     

Adaptive noise-reducing anisotropic diffusion filter

In image processing and computer vision, the denoising process is an important step before several processing tasks. This paper presents a new adaptive noise-reducing anisotropic diffusion (ANRAD) method to improve the image quality, which can be considered as a modified version of a speckle-reducing anisotropic diffusion (SRAD) filter. The SRAD works very well for monochrome images with speckle noise. However, in the case of images corrupted with other types of noise, it cannot provide optimal image quality due to the inaccurate noise model. The ANRAD method introduces an automatic RGB noise model estimator in a partial differential equation system similar to the SRAD diffusion, which estimates at each iteration an upper bound of the real noise level function by fitting a lower envelope to the standard deviations of pre-segment image variances. Compared to the conventional SRAD filter, the proposed filter has the advantage of being adapted to the color noise produced by today’s CCD digital camera. The simulation results show that the ANRAD filter can reduce the noise while preserving image edges and fine details very well. Also, it is favorably compared to the fast non-local means filter, showing an improvement in the quality of the restored image. A quantitative comparison measure is given by the parameters like the mean structural similarity index and the peak signal-to-noise ratio.     

Normalized filter pool for prior modeling of nature images

Markov random field (MRF), as one of special undirected graphs, is widely used in modeling priors of natural images. Targeting to learn better prior models from a given database, we explore the natural image statistics at different scales and build normalized filter pool, a kind of high-order MRF, for prior learning of nature images. The main contribution of the proposed model is that we construct a multi-scale MRF model through constraining the norms of filters in kernel space and integrate all the filtering responses in a unified framework. We formulate both learning and inference as constrained optimization problems and solve them using augmented Lagrange method. The experiment results demonstrate that the normalization of filters at different scales helps to achieve fast convergence in learning stage and obtain superior performance in image restoration, e.g., image denoising and image inpainting.     

改进各向异性扩散模型在图像滤波去噪中的应用

为了增强锅炉水位计图像滤波去噪效果,提高图像清晰度,便于后期液位计图像识别研究,通过分析P-M各向异性扩散模型、选择扩散模型及You Yu-Li和Kaveh M四阶偏微分方程的滤波去噪算法,提出了改进各向异性扩散模型滤波算法.所提算法对Perona和Malik两个扩散函数均值化,并引入标准差作为梯度期望值的偏差裕度,结合了P-M各向异性扩散模型保边缘特性的优点,并消除了由于传统各向异性滤波算法迭代过度所造成的阶梯缺陷问题,确保图像有用信息不缺失和像素点平滑度.实验结果表明:所提算法能够更好地降低噪声对目标信号提取产生的影响,提高了图像识别鲁棒性,增强了图像平滑滤波效果,保证了锅炉水位计图像边缘清晰度和完整性.     

小波域上图像非线性扩散滤波

提出一个小波域上图像扩散滤波恢复新模型。主要思想是把原图像作为最精细尺度下的小波子带，根据噪声分布的特点，导出保护较大尺度下信息的泛函模型代替小波阈值除噪，对泛函求变分得：Euler-Lagrange方程。新的滤波方法能避免小波阈值除噪的伪Gibbs现象，改进了同类型非线性扩散方程滤波的效果。利用可加算子分裂(AOS)格式求非线性扩散方程的数值解。实例的数值计算说明对图像滤波和保护边缘的有效性。     

各向异性尺度空间图象增强

文章讨论了各向异性热传导系数尺度空间理论在图象增强中的应用。尺度空间的生成可以通过热传导方程来获得,传统的理论采用各向同性的热传导系数。为了在对图象噪声进行平滑的同时,保持图象的细节,采用了各向异性的热传导方程。考虑到旋转不变性,对各向异性的热传导方程的计算方法进行改进,不仅考虑了垂直和水平方向的影响,而且考虑对角方向上象素点的影响。实验证明算法是有效的。     

基于剪切波和改进P-M扩散的图像去噪

针对多尺度几何分析方法去噪时产生的伪Gibbs效应和各向异性扩散模型产生的阶梯效应,提出一种基于剪切波的改进各向异性扩散图像去噪方法。首先对噪声图像进行剪切波变换得到不同尺度的系数矩阵,然后利用改进的各向异性扩散方程对变换后的系数进行处理,实现建立在对图像精细分析基础上的各向异性扩散模型。实验结果表明,该方法能较好地抑制噪声和保持边缘,同时有效地抑制伪Gibbs效应,取得良好的视觉效果。     

GPU-based anisotropic diffusion algorithm for video image denoising

Image filtering is the process of removing noise which perturbs image analysis methods. In some applications like segmentation, denoising is intended to smooth homogeneous areas while preserving the contours. Real-time denoising is required in a lot of applications like image-guided surgical interventions, video analysis and visual serving. This paper presents an anisotropic diffusion method named the Oriented Speckle Reducing Anisotropic Diffusion (OSRAD) filter. The OSRAD works very well for denoising images with speckle noise. However, this filter has a powerful computational complexity and is not suitable for real time implementation. The purpose of this study is to decrease the processing time implementation of the OSRAD filter using a parallel processor through the optimization of the graphics processor unit. The results show that the suggested method is very effective for real-time video processing. This implementation yields a denoising video rate of 25 frames per second for 128 × 128 pixels. The proposed model magnifies the acceleration of the image filtering to 30 × compared to the standard implementation of central processing units (CPU). A quantitative comparison measure is given by parameters like the mean structural similarity index, the peak signal-to-noise ratio and the figure of merit. The modified filter is faster than the conventional OSRAD and keeps a high image quality compared to the bilateral filter and the wavelet transformation.     

新适定模型的提出及分类扩散

提出一种新的适定滤波模型和一个可以滤除混合噪声的滤波方法。分析并讨论Perona和Malik (PM)模型中的传导系数函数,该函数对边缘的敏感性较强,是PM模型为不适定方程的主要原因。修改传导系数函数的敏感性后,得到适定的各向异性图像扩散模型,具备不适定模型所不具有的双扩散项和扩散因子的形式。根据滤波方程特点将模型分为平滑模块和抑噪模块,分离了平滑和抑噪两个物理过程,从而提升了图像的光滑性和降低了图像的噪声。在实际图像上的实验结果表明,新的滤波算法对混合噪声的滤波效果优于一些经典的图像扩散算法。     

基于图像特征的各向异性扩散去噪方法

对图像去噪滤波方法,J.Weickert模型未考虑图像光滑区域与其他图像特征的区别,在光滑区域的扩散也按照局部结构特征值进行,因而在光滑区域不可避免地产生虚假边缘,为此,提出一种改进的各向异性扩散方法。该方法首先用维纳滤波减弱噪声对图像的影响,再利用相干性正确判断边缘区域、光滑区域和T形拐角等图像特征,并依据图像特征设置相应区域扩散张量的特征值。实验结果表明,改进方法在消除噪声和保护边缘方面能取得较好的效果,并有效消除光滑区域的虚假边缘,可得到较高的峰值信噪比。     

基于滤波器的局部自适应全变分图像去噪模型

综合利用冲击滤波器和非线性各向异性扩散滤波器对含噪图像做预处理,然后基于边缘检测函数建立反映图像局部特征的自适应权函数,构建能同时兼顾图像平滑去噪与边缘保留的局部自适应性的全变分模型,并建议用本原对偶算法快速求解。实验结果表明,同传统的全变分图像去噪模型相比,该局部自适应全变分模型在消除噪声的同时能很好地保持图像的边缘轮廓和纹理等细节特征,得到的复原图像在客观评价标准和主观视觉效果方面均有所提高。     

基于变指数的片相似性扩散图像降噪算法

针对图像去噪过程中存在边缘保持与噪声抑制之间的矛盾,提出了一种基于变指数的片相似性扩散图像降噪算法。算法基于变指数的自适应降噪模型,引入片相似性的思想,构造出新的边缘检测算子和扩散系数函数。传统的各项异性扩散图像降噪算法利用单个像素点的灰度相似性（或梯度信息）检测边缘,不能很好地保持图像的弱边缘和纹理信息。而所提算法利用邻域像素的灰度相似性,可以在滤除图像噪声的同时,保持更多的细节信息。仿真结果表明,与其他传统的基于偏微分方程（PDE）的图像降噪算法相比,该算法将信噪比（SNR）和峰值信噪比（PSNR）提高至16.602480dB和31.284672dB,具有良好的抗噪性;同时视觉效果较好,保持了更多的弱边缘和纹理等细节特征,在噪声抑制与边缘保持之间取得了较好的权衡。     

基于曲率差分的自适应全变分去噪算法

针对整体变分（TV）修复模型易受到梯度的影响而且常常会丢失图像细节信息的缺点,提出了一种基于曲率差分的自适应全变分去噪算法。在联合非线性各向异性扩散滤波器和冲击滤波器对含噪图像做预处理的基础上,通过自适应方式调节正则项和保真项的权重系数,该算法能同时兼顾边缘保留和图像平滑去噪。仿真实验结果表明：与现有的去噪算法相比,该算法在不同强度的脉冲噪声下可以将峰值信噪比提升14%以上,同时将归一均方误差降低43%以上。     

米字型各向异性扩散模型的图像去噪算法

针对原始的各向异性扩散模型在对带噪图像去噪时,只利用了邻域内东、南、西、北4个方向上的参考信息,使得去噪效果不够明显的问题,提出了米字型各向异性扩散模型的图像去噪算法。该算法在利用了原始算法中待修复点周围4个方向上参考信息的基础上,还引入了该点邻域内对角线方向上的新信息,给出了采用周围8个方向上的信息进行对图像去噪的新模型,同时证明了该模型的合理性。用新提出的算法与原算法以及一种改进的同类算法对4幅带噪图像进行去噪。实验结果表明,新提出算法去噪效果的峰值信噪比(PSNR)相比原算法和改进同类算法平均提高1.90dB和1.43dB,平均结构相似度(MSSIM)分别平均提高0.175和0.1,说明该算法更适合于图像去噪。     

WBCT与变分正则化方法的医学图像去噪

在分析几种变分正则化去噪模型的基础上,改进了变分正则化去噪模型,它是各向异性扩散的,去噪效果好,但计算量较大.由于WBCT的阈值法去噪速度快,本文提出了混合去噪方法,充分利用两种方法的优点,先对噪声图像做WBCT,高频子带用WBCT的阈值法去噪,对低频子带用改进的变分正则法去噪,然后用WBCT逆变换重建图像.实验结果表...     

Image denoising by anisotropic diffusion with inter-scale information fusion

Anisotropic partial differential equations (PDEs) based schemes for denoising digital images are fast becoming an indispensable tool in computer vision problems. In this paper we propose to denoise noisy images via such multiscale anisotropic diffusion. In general, digital images contain objects of multiple scales and denoising them without destroying edges is one of the main objective in early computer vision problems. Unlike the previous approaches, which discard the multiple scale based images produced by anisotropic PDE, we utilize information contained in them. By effectively combining the inter-scale details, the proposed scheme improves upon the noise removal and detail preservation properties over other schemes. Numerical results indicate that the scheme achieves good denoising with edge preservation on a variety of images.     

基于各向异性扩散方程的多层次并行图像去噪

针对利用各向异性扩散方程的去噪模型在求解中存在计算量大、耗时长、影响实时性等缺点,本文充分利用并行知识,提出了有效的解决方案。即基于各向异性扩散去噪模型,设计工作站机群平台,对噪声图像进行条状重叠的数据划分,以便实现算法节点内与节点间的两级并行策略:在机群结点内部采用共享内存结构,机群节点间采用分布内存结构,以二者的最优结合实现并行的层次结构化,从而得到一种高效的多层次并行图像去噪算法。实验结果表明,在基于混合模型的并行环境下,该算法能在一定程度上提高原算法的计算效率,不仅有效地缩短了运行时间,而且仍能获得与其相当的图像去噪质量。     

基于各向异性全变分的迭代滤波算法

空间邻近度和像素值相似度的双边滤波(BF)器在滤波时,由于其值域滤波核系数的计 算易受到噪声的干扰,在噪声水平较大时,直接使用噪声图像来指导核函数权值计算的方案不可行。 为此,提出一种结合各向异性全变分和BF 的图像去噪算法,将各向异性全变分算法与BF 算法相结 合,首先利用各向异性全变分算法对噪声图像进行处理,得到一幅边缘结构信息较为丰富的结果图 像,接着将该结果图像作为BF 算法的引导图像来指导值域滤波核系数的计算,为保证算法的稳定 性,对上述过程进行迭代处理。此外,为提高各向异性全变分算法的计算效率,引入了Split Bregman 迭代算法进行加速处理。实验表明,该算法能在较好去噪的同时,保留较多的边缘结构信息。     

A new feature-preserving nonlinear anisotropic diffusion for denoising images containing blobs and ridges

Blobs and ridges underlie many important features in biological, biometric and remote sensing images. These images are likely to be corrupted by noise, such as live cells in fluorescent biological images, ridges and valleys in fingerprints and moving targets in synthetic aperture radar and infrared images. In this paper we present a diffusion method for denoising low-signal-to-ratio images containing blob and ridge features. A commonly used denoising method makes use of edge information in an image to achieve a good balance between noise removal and feature preserving. However, if edges are partly lost to a certain extent or contaminated severely by noise, such an approach may not be able to preserve these features, leading to loss of important information. To overcome this problem, we propose a novel second-order nonlocal derivative as a robust blob and ridge detector and incorporate it into a diffusion process to form a novel feature-preserving nonlinear anisotropic diffusion model. Experiments show that the new diffusion filter outperforms many popular filters for preserving blobs and ridges, reducing noise and minimizing artifacts.     

基于互信息准则的图像平滑和分割

在计算机视觉领域,尺度空间扮演着一个很重要的角色。多尺度图像分析的基础是自动尺度选择,但它 的性能非常主观和依赖于经验。基于互信息的度量准则,文章提出了一种自动选取最优尺度的模型。首先,研究 专注于基于形态学算子的多尺度图像平滑去噪方法,这种技术不需要噪声方差的先验知识,可以有效地消除照度 的变化。其次,通过递归修剪 Huffman 编码树,设计了一个基于聚类的无监督图像分割算法。一个特定的聚类数 从信息理论的角度来看,提出的聚类算法可以保留最大的信息量。最后,用一系列的实验对算法的性能进行了验证, 并从数学上进行了详细的证明和分析,实验结果表明本文提出的算法能获得最优尺度的图像平滑和分割性能 。