A new benchmark on the recognition of handwritten Bangla and Farsi numeral characters

The recognition of Indian and Arabic handwriting is drawing increasing attention in recent years. To test the promise of existing handwritten numeral recognition methods and provide new benchmarks for future research, this paper presents some results of handwritten Bangla and Farsi numeral recognition on binary and gray-scale images. For recognition on gray-scale images, we propose a process with proper image pre-processing and feature extraction. In experiments on three databases, ISI Bangla numerals, CENPARMI Farsi numerals, and IFHCDB Farsi numerals, we have achieved very high accuracies using various recognition methods. The highest test accuracies on the three databases are 99.40%, 99.16%, and 99.73%, respectively. We justified the benefit of recognition on gray-scale images against binary images, compared some implementation choices of gradient direction feature extraction, some advanced normalization and classification methods.     

一种基于纹理识别的手写数字识别方法

提出了一种新的手写数字识别方法,通过将一幅规范化手写数字图像做任意旋转和简单排列,形成纹理图像,将手写数字识别问题转换为纹理识别问题。然后提取纹理图像在不同方法的主频中心作为特征向量,用最小距离分类器进行分类。实验表明,该方法不仅具有高的识别率和低的特征维数,而且具有旋转、伸缩和平移不变性。     

Handwritten numeral recognition based on simplified structural classification and fuzzy memberships

Previous handwritten numeral recognition algorithms applied structural classification to extract geometric primitives that characterize each image, and then utilized artificial intelligence methods, like neural network or fuzzy memberships, to classify the images. We propose a handwritten numeral recognition methodology based on simplified structural classification, by using a much smaller set of primitive types, and fuzzy memberships. More specifically, based on three kinds of feature points, we first extract five kinds of primitive segments for each image. A fuzzy membership function is then used to estimate the likelihood of these primitives being close to the two vertical boundaries of the image. Finally, a tree-like classifier based on the extracted feature points, primitives and fuzzy memberships is applied to classify the numerals. With our system, handwritten numerals in NIST Special Database 19 are recognized with correct rate between 87.33% and 88.72%.     

Multiresolution recognition of unconstrained handwritten numerals with wavelet transform and multilayer cluster neural network

In this paper, we propose a new scheme for multiresolution recognition of unconstrained handwritten numerals using wavelet transform and a simple multilayer cluster neural network. The proposed scheme consists of two stages: a feature extraction stage for extracting multiresolution features with wavelet transform, and a classification stage for classifying unconstrained handwritten numerals with a simple multilayer cluster neural network. In order to verify the performance of the proposed scheme, experiments with unconstrained handwritten numeral database of Concordia University of Canada, Electro-Technical Laboratory of Japan, and Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute of Korea were performed. The error rates were 3.20%, 0.83%, and 0.75%, respectively. These results showed that the proposed scheme is very robust in terms of various writing styles and sizes.     

基于Contourlet变换和NMF的掌纹识别算法

提出一种基于Contourlet变换和非负矩阵分解(NMF)的掌纹识别算法。通过对源图像Contourlet进行小波变换,将提取出的低频分量用NMF法提取特征值,用最近邻方法进行分类。实验结果表明,该算法较单纯的NMF和2DPCA等算法识别性能有较大提高,能较好地捕捉图像的边缘信息。     

基于统计和结构特征的手写数字识别研究

针对目前手写数字识别精度不高的问题,通过对手写数字图像的研究,提出了基于手写数字图像的空间、旋转、层次和结构特性的特征提取方法.该方法把手写数字的统计和结构特征结合起来,以特征提取方法为基础,利用LibSVM算法对手写数字特征进行了训练和识别.通过实验给出了各个参数的推荐值,利用推荐参数值,手写数字MNIST字体库的识别率高达99.3333％.实验结果表明了该算法在识别手写数字上的有效性和准确性.     

利用Radon变换实现手写数字识别的新方法

提出了一种新的手写数字识别方法,利用传统的Radon变换,找到了一种新的旋转不变特征,最后采用BP神经网络分类器进行分类。实验表明,该方法不仅具有93.89%的高识别率,而且对字符旋转具有很好的鲁棒性。     

SEPARATION OF SINGLE-TOUCHING HANDWRITTEN NUMERAL STRINGS BASED ON STRUCTURAL FEATURES

In this paper, we develop a new method to separate single-touching handwritten numeral strings with two numerals using structural features. A binary image of a single-touching handwritten numeral string is preprocessed with an efficient algorithm for smoothing, linearization and detection of structural points of image contours. The touching region of a single-touching handwritten numeral string is determined based on distribution of the structural points in the handwritten numeral string. A candidate touching point is preselected based on the geometrical information of a special structural point in the touching region. In some cases, the left or right lateral numeral of a single-touching handwritten numeral string can be recognized. The recognition information can be utilized to correct the position of the candidate touching point. We have tested our method on image samples taken from the U.S. National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) database. We used 500 sample images for training and obtained a correct separation rate of 99.1%. For 3287 test samples not used for training the correct separation rate was 97.2%.     

A structural and relational approach to handwritten wordrecognition

In this paper, we present a new off-line word recognition system that is able to recognize unconstrained handwritten words using grey-scale images. This is based on structural and relational information in the handwritten word. We use Gabor filters to extract features from the words, and then use an evidence-based approach for word classification. A solution to the Gabor filter parameter estimation problem is given, enabling the Gabor filter to be automatically tuned to the word image properties. We also developed two new methods for correcting the slope of the handwritten words. Our experiments show that the proposed method achieves good recognition rates compared to standard classification methods.     

基于BP神经网络的手写体数字识别

手写体数字识别是多年来的研究热点,也是字符识别中的一个特别问题。由于手写体数字字体变化很大,传统的识别方法很难达到高的识别率。针对传统的数字识别方法的复杂性和局限性,提出了一种基于BP神经网络的手写体数字的识别方法。该方法在提取手写体数字点特征、笔划密度特征基础上,利用改进的BP神经网络进行训练识别。经实验,识别率达94％。实验结果表明,该方法对手写体数字识别效果良好,不仅简化了传统识别的繁杂性,而且提高了识别的准确性。     

A face and palmprint recognition approach based on discriminant DCT feature extraction

In the field of image processing and recognition, discrete cosine transform (DCT) and linear discrimination are two widely used techniques. Based on them, we present a new face and palmprint recognition approach in this paper. It first uses a two-dimensional separability judgment to select the DCT frequency bands with favorable linear separability. Then from the selected bands, it extracts the linear discriminative features by an improved Fisherface method and performs the classification by the nearest neighbor classifier. We detailedly analyze theoretical advantages of our approach in feature extraction. The experiments on face databases and palmprint database demonstrate that compared to the state-of-the-art linear discrimination methods, our approach obtains better classification performance. It can significantly improve the recognition rates for face and palmprint data and effectively reduce the dimension of feature space.     

Local image quality measurement for multi-scale forensic palmprints

Numerous studies show that palmprint image quality has a significant effect on every stage of a palmprint recognition system. Although some palmprint image quality measurement(PIQM) methods are proposed, some insufficiency in classification accuracy occurs and attention to detail in measuring local area image quality of multi-scale palmprint images is lacking. On the one hand, the classification accuracy is not very high for 2-class classification and it degrades significantly as the number of classes increases. On the other hand, local area image quality measurement of multi-scale palmprint images has not yet been resolved since the handcrafted features designed through domain knowledge usually works for certain scale image blocks. Meanwhile, the intricate domain knowledge used in the previous methods is difficult for some common users to acquire. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end deep-learning method of strengthening representation ability that learns more abstract, essential, and reliable features to measure the local image quality for multi-scale forensic palmprints. Popular convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are considered because of their powerful representation ability in learning complex features. However, the powerful existing CNNs usually have complex architectures with a large amount of parameters, which need the support of high-performance computers. They are not suitable to be used directly for palmprint image quality assignment and the follow-up palmprint recognition work, which prefers real-time response on commonly available personal computers or even mobile devices. Hence, a new lightweight CNN must be designed to achieve a trade-off between high classification accuracy and practical usability. Considering the attributes of under-processed input images, we reduce the weight of the CNN architecture by reducing the amount of some parameters, and finally a lightweight CNN is designed. As a result, a raw rectangular palmprint image of variable size can be put into the trained model directly and a quality label quickly predicted with high accuracy. After comparison with previous methods, results show that the proposed method can deal with un-pre-processed raw images of a multi-scale input size. Furthermore, it can acquire a richer amount of quality classes with a higher accuracy, which are stable on many different datasets. It also leads to finer and more precise full palmprint image quality maps when compared to previous methods.

     

结合Fisher判别的手写数字特征提取方法

在手写数字图像的特征提取中,提出一种结合Fisher线性判别的多分辨率Gabor滤波方法,在所有特征点上寻求特定滤波方向上的局部最优滤波频率,以获得最佳滤波效果,同时压缩不相关特征.在MNIST手写数字图像库上的识别实验表明:在小样本情况下,该方法能更准确地抽取手写数字图像特征,识别效果明显优于直接进行Gabor特征提取.     

小波变换与分块统计在掌纹识别中的应用

用于身份鉴别的掌纹识别为信息安全提供了一种新的方案。提出一种变换域和统计域相结合的掌纹识别方法。对掌纹感兴趣区域（ROI）进行中值滤波再多级小波分解,对所有的高频子图像进行分块,求取每一子块高频系数的均值和方差,它们的组合构成该图像的特征向量,利用简单的最近邻分类器进行分类。运用UST掌纹图像库,对该算法进行了测试。从识别率为95.5%的实验结果看,该方法优于目前在掌纹识别上使用较多的子空间法。     

改进Contourlet变换的3D掌纹图像识别

提出一种基于改进Contourlet变换的3D掌纹图像识别方法;该方法通过形状指数将3D掌纹图像映射成灰度图像,以克服常用的均值或高斯曲率映射难于精确描述3D掌纹特征的缺点;基于此,将7/5滤波器引入Contourlet变换,并在变换域提取形状指数映射图各方向子带的均值与方差作为掌纹图像的特征信息,从而有效利用了Contourlet变换优越的方向特征表达能力,又可有效消除传统Contourlet变换各子图像存在的相关性;最后采用欧氏距离最近邻分类法,实现了测试图像的分类识别。实验结果表明,针对香港理工大学所提供的三维掌纹数据库,该方法总体识别率较PCA方法提高了2.9%,具有明显的优势。     

基于方向线素特征的孟加拉手写数字识别

根据孟加拉数字的特点,将方向线素特征应用于孟加拉手写数字识另怕g特征提取,并辅以端点和交叉点特征,采用BP神经网络作分类器进行识别。利用从实际盂加拉信封图像中采集到的手写体数字作为样本进行实验,结果表明,该方法的识别率和可靠性分别达到97．63％和98．77％。     

基于离散余弦变换和支持向量机的掌纹识别

提出一种利用离散余弦变换提取掌纹的特征,通过支持向量机进行掌纹分类识别的方法。在利用离散余弦变换进行特征提取时,将变换系数矩阵左上角的部分元素作为掌纹图像的特征;在利用支持向量机进行掌纹分类识别时,采用“一对多”的分类方案。实验结果表明该方法的有效性。     

Rotation, scale and translation invariant handwritten Devanagari numeral character recognition using general fuzzy neural network

In this paper a general fuzzy hyperline segment neural network is proposed [P.M. Patil, Pattern classification and clustering using fuzzy neural networks, Ph.D. Thesis, SRTMU, Nanded, India, January 2003]. It combines supervised and unsupervised learning in a single algorithm so that it can be used for pure classification, pure clustering and hybrid classification/clustering. The method is applied to handwritten Devanagari numeral character recognition and also to the Fisher Iris database. High recognition rates are achieved with less training and recall time per pattern. The algorithm is rotation, scale and translation invariant. The recognition rate with ring data features is found to be 99.5%.     

基于实值Gabor变换的掌纹识别

掌纹识别作为一种重要的生物特征识别方法,其中的一个重要环节就是掌纹特征的提取,本文提出了一种基于实数形式离散Gabor变换的掌纹特征提取方法,将空域的掌纹图像变换到联合（时间）空间频率域并将其联合（时间）空间频率域的能量分布作为掌纹的特征,以此为基础分别使用欧式距离和支持向量机进行了不同掌纹的匹配识别。实验结果表明,该算法对掌纹图像小的平移、小角度的旋转和小的手掌伸缩具有鲁棒性,并且获得了较高的识别率。     

基于SURF特征与模糊推理的掌纹识别

针对现有掌纹识别算法对掌纹图像在采集过程中的位置、方向、亮度变化缺乏足够的鲁棒性,而且计算复杂度较高的问题,提出了一种基于SURF描述字的掌纹识别算法。算法分为训练与识别两个过程,在训练过程中,提取属于同一类所有训练样本的SURF描述字进行互配,然后计算训练样本中互配频次超过该类样本数的1/2的每个关键点的匹配率及其在匹配训练样本中坐标的均值与方差以及SURF描述字均值、SURF描述字与均值的最大欧氏距离组成类别数据库。在掌纹识别过程,基于SURF提取待识别掌纹图像的关键点,确定关键点的SURF描述字与其位置坐标,然后,计算类别数据库中每个类别的每个关键点与待识别掌纹图像所有关键点模糊匹配度的最大值作为该关键点的模糊匹配度,最后基于模糊推理实现掌纹识别。实验结果表明该算法对掌纹图像的旋转、尺度和亮度的变化具有较好的鲁棒性,具有稳健和高精度的特性,并且识别过程计算成本较低,满足了实时性应用的要求。