Fingerprint ridge orientation field reconstruction using the best quadratic approximation by orthogonal polynomials in two discrete variables

This paper proposes a novel algorithm for reconstructing the fingerprint orientation field (FOF). The basic idea of the algorithm is to reconstruct the ridge orientation by using the best quadratic approximation by orthogonal polynomials in two discrete variables. We first estimate the local region orientation by the linear projection analysis (LPA) based on the vector set of point gradients, and then reconstruct the ridge orientation field using the best quadratic approximation by orthogonal polynomials in two discrete variables in the sine domain. In this way, we solve the problem that is difficult to accurately extract low quality fingerprint image orientation fields. The experiments with the database of FVC 2004 show that, compared to the state-of-the-art fingerprint orientation estimation algorithms, the proposed method is more accurate and more robust against noise, and is able to better estimate the FOF of low quality fingerprint images with large areas of noise.     

Pixel-level singular point detection from multi-scale Gaussian filtered orientation field

Singular point, as a global feature, plays an important role in fingerprint recognition. Inconsistent detection of singular points apparently gives an affect to fingerprint alignment, classification, and verification accuracy. This paper proposes a novel approach to pixel-level singular point detection from the orientation field obtained by multi-scale Gaussian filters. Initially, a robust pixel-level orientation field is estimated by a multi-scale averaging framework. Then, candidate singular points in pixel-level are extracted from the complex angular gradient plane derived directly from the pixel-level orientation field. The candidate singular points are finally validated via a cascade framework comprised of nested Poincare indices and local feature-based classification. Experimental results over the FVC 2000 DB2 confirm that the proposed method achieves robust and accurate orientation field estimation and consistent pixel-level singular point detection. The experimental results exhibit a low computational cost with better performance. Thus, the proposed method can be employed in real-time fingerprint recognition.     

一种基于形态学运算的指纹方向场计算方法

指纹识别是生物认证技术中应用最为广泛的技术之一,其中指纹方向场计算是自动指纹识别系统中最关键 的步骤,指纹图像预处理、特征提取和匹配的过程都以方向场为基础。因此提出一种基于对指纹图像方向场进行形态 学运算的方向场计算方法。实验证明,该方法可以正确有效地计算低质量指纹图像,特别是褶皱类型指纹图像的方向 场。     

Residual orientation modeling for fingerprint enhancement and singular point detection

This paper presents a novel method for fingerprint orientation modeling, which executes in two phases. Firstly, the orientation field is reconstructed using a lower order Legendre polynomial to capture the global orientation pattern in the fingerprint structure. Then the preliminary model around the region with presence of fingerprint singularities is dynamically refined using a higher order Legendre polynomial. The singular region is automatically detected through the analysis on the orientation residual field between the original orientation field and the orientation model. The method does not require any prior knowledge on the fingerprint structure. To validate the performance, the method has been applied to fingerprint image enhancement, fingerprint singularity detection and fingerprint recognition using the FVC 2004 data sets. Compared with the recently published Legendre polynomial model, the proposed method attains higher accuracy in fingerprint singularity detection, lower error rates in fingerprint matching.     

一种改进的指纹纹线方向场的计算方法

本文提出了一种改进的指纹纹线方向场计算方法，其中重点分析了奇异点模型中旋转角度的估计方法，并在复数域内简化了纹线方向场的优化计算．实验结果显示该方法充分利用了指纹纹线方向在全局上的渐变性和在奇异点附近的独特性，可以有效降低指纹图像中局部噪声的影响，提高指纹纹线方向场的计算精度，改进指纹图像的增强效果．     

基于Hermite滤波器的指纹增强算法

指纹增强的目的在于改善指纹图像的质量,以提高指纹识别系统的性能。提出了一种基于Hermite滤波器的指纹增强算法,算法利用经典的梯度公式法计算纹线方向,利用指纹图像子块的频谱分布特征计算纹线频率。以纹线方向和频率作为滤波器的主要参数,利用具有良好带通特性的Hermite滤波器和具有可变角度带宽的低通滤波器进行滤波,有效地提高指纹的纹理清晰度,较好地避免奇异点区域的块效应。实验结果表明,算法具有良好的图像增强效果。     

基于复数滤波的指纹奇异点提取方法

在身份识别中,指纹具有唯一性,人的指纹包含大量信息,识别指纹图像很重要.针对指纹图像奇异点中准确判断和精确定位的难题,提出了一种改进的指纹奇异点提取方法.首先,对指纹平方复数点方向场进行多尺度滤波,在平滑噪声的同时,保留奇异区方向的细节信息.对方向场进行复数滤波,并运用启发式规则增强复数滤波的响应幅度,通过分析响应的幅度检测奇异点的位置,由响应的相位确定方向.在FVC 2000上进行实验.结果表明,上述方法可精确提取指纹图像中各奇异点的位置及其方向信息,证明优于与其它方法,结果具有较好的鲁棒性.     

A combination model for orientation field of fingerprints

Orientation field is a global feature of fingerprints that is very important in automatic fingerprint identification systems (AFIS). Establishing an accurate and concise model for orientation fields will not only improve the performance of orientation estimation, but also make it feasible to apply orientation information in the matching process. In this paper, a novel model for the orientation field of fingerprints is proposed. We use a polynomial model to approximate the orientation field globally and a point-charge model at each singular point to improve the approximation locally. These two models are combined together by a weight function. Experimental results are provided to illustrate the fact that this combination model is more accurate and robust with respect to noise compared with the previous works. The application of the model is discussed at the end.     

基于奇异点的字典模型指纹方向场去噪方法*

方向场估计是指纹识别过程中非常重要的步骤。传统方法如基于梯度的方法等在处理潜指纹图像时很容易受噪音干扰,而最近提出的基于字典模型的方法无法解决“真词错误”的问题。针对上述问题,本文提出一种融合了零极点模型的字典模型的指纹方向场去噪方法,即将指纹方向场看做是零极点控制的方向场和平滑的残差方向场相叠加的结果,通过首先用零极点模型生成正确的零极点控制的方向场,然后用字典模型修正残差方向场方向场,最后将零极点模型生成的方向场与去噪后的残差方向场融合形成重建方向场,通过基于奇异点的字典模型,我们解决了“真词错误”的问题。为了验证算法的有效性,在NIST SD27潜指纹图像数据库上进行了实验。实验结果表明：对于潜指纹,本文算法能获得比字典模型更精确的方向场,继而可以更好地增强潜指纹图像,并在后续的匹配实验中取得更好的结果。     

一种基于机器学习的指纹纹路方向计算方法

纹路方向是指纹图像的基本特征,而方向计算是指纹识别的基础,特征提取和匹配的过程中都需要用到方向.目前大多数纹路方向计算方法都是基于像素之间的灰度关系的.提出了一种用神经网络学习纹路方向的方法.对于正确的纹路方向,该网络的响应值较大;对于错误的纹路方向,该网络的响应值较小.计算指纹图像的方向场时,对于每个纹路图像块,计算网络在各个方向上的响应值,基于每个图像块在每个方向上的响应值可以计算出整个图像的方向场.该方法比现有方法更能正确地计算指纹图像方向场.     

Detecting fingerprint minutiae by run length encoding scheme

Many approaches to minutiae extraction have already been proposed for automatic fingerprint matching, and most transform fingerprint images into binary images through state-of-the-art algorithms and submit the binary image to a thinning process. However, this paper proposes an original technique for extracting minutiae based on representing the ridge structure of a fingerprint image as a run length code (RLC). The essential idea is to detect minutiae by searching for the termination points or bifurcation points of ridges in the RLC, rather than in a fingerprint image. Experimental results and a comparative analysis show that the proposed method is fairly reliable and faster than a conventional thinning-based method.     

低质量指纹图像方向场提取

指纹方向场提取是自动指纹识别系统中的重要环节,是解决自动指纹识别中的某些关键技术的基础.提出一种通过线性投影分析和在sin域中用加权低阶2维勒让德多项式拟合提取指纹方向场的方法;能够解决大噪声低质量指纹图像方向场难以准确提取的问题;在FVC 2000指纹数据库中的大量实验结果表明,与已有基于梯度的指纹方向场估计算法相比,本文方法有更好的提取精度和鲁棒性,对于大噪声的低质量指纹图像能给出很好的方向场估计.     

一种用于指纹方向场估计的网格插值模型

指纹方向场的估计是指纹识别预处理算法中的重要环节,对算法识别效率起到关键作用。本文提出了一种网格插值模型,该模型以指纹奇异点为中心,将指纹平面做网格划分,利用插值算法建立了方向场与指纹奇异点之间的非线性关系。模型中利用了指纹的全局信息来调整网格点的值,使得它与传统的基于局部信息的方向场算法有本质的区别。在FVC2002 和FVC2004 指纹数据库上的实验结果表明,该模型比传统算法具有更高的准确性和鲁棒性,同时对于低质量的指纹图像,仍然能够给出很好的方向场估计。     

Monitoring and diagnosis process of abnormal consumption on smart power grid

Unique and stable reference point is essential for registration and identification in automated fingerprint identification systems. Most existing methods for detecting reference points need to scan the fingerprint image or orientation field pixel by pixel or block by block to confirm a candidate reference point. The inherent complexity of this process makes those methods time-consuming. In this paper, we propose a two-step method to improve the efficiency of detecting reference points by (1) determining the singular point, i.e., the approximate position of the reference point, in a novel fast way; then (2) refining the reference point precisely in the local area of the singular point. In the first step, a walking algorithm is proposed which can walk directly to the singular point without scanning the whole fingerprint image and hence it is extremely fast. Then, in the local area around the singular point, an enhanced method based on mean-shift concept (EMS-based method) is designed to localize the reference point precisely. Experimental results on FVC2000 DB1a and DB2a databases validate that the proposed WEMS (Walking + EMS) method outperforms two state-of-the-art methods in terms of accuracy and efficiency.

     

Singular point detection by shape analysis of directional fields in fingerprints

This paper presents a new fingerprint singular point detection method that is type-distinguishable and applicable to various fingerprint images regardless of their resolutions. The proposed method detects singular points by analyzing the shapes of the local directional fields of a fingerprint image. Using the predefined rules, all types of singular points (upper core, lower core, and delta points) can be extracted accurately and delineated in terms of the type of singular points. In case of arch-type fingerprints there exists no singular point, but reference points for arch-type fingerprints are required to be detected for registration. Therefore, we propose a new reference point detection method for arch-type fingerprints as well. The result of the experiments on the two public databases (FVC2000 2a, FVC2002 2a) with different resolutions demonstrates that the proposed method has high accuracy in locating each types of singular points and detecting the reference points of arch-type fingerprints without regard to their image resolutions.     

Efficient fingerprint search based on database clustering

Fingerprint identification has been a great challenge due to its complex search of database. This paper proposes an efficient fingerprint search algorithm based on database clustering, which narrows down the search space of fine matching. Fingerprint is non-uniformly partitioned by a circular tessellation to compute a multi-scale orientation field as the main search feature. The average ridge distance is employed as an auxiliary feature. A modified K-means clustering technique is proposed to partition the orientation feature space into clusters. Based on the database clustering, a hierarchical query processing is proposed to facilitate an efficient fingerprint search, which not only greatly speeds up the search process but also improves the retrieval accuracy. The experimental results show the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed fingerprint search algorithm.     

低质量指纹图像方向场提取方法

指纹方向场提取是自动指纹识别系统中的重要环节,是解决自动指纹识别中的某些关键技术的基础。提出了一种通过线性投影分析和在sin域中用加权低阶二维勒让德多项式拟合提取指纹方向场的方法;解决了大噪声低质量指纹图像方向场难以准确提取的问题;在FVC 2000指纹数据库中的大量实验表明,与已有基于梯度的指纹方向场估计算法相比,该方法有更好的提取精度和鲁棒性,对于大噪声的低质量指纹图像能给出很好的方向场估计。     

A method using long digital straight segments for fingerprint recognition

In this paper, we proposed a new method using long digital straight segments (LDSSs) for fingerprint recognition based on such a discovery that LDSSs in fingerprints can accurately characterize the global structure of fingerprints. Different from the estimation of orientation using the slope of the straight segments, the length of LDSSs provides a measure for stability of the estimated orientation. In addition, each digital straight segment can be represented by four parameters: x-coordinate, y-coordinate, slope and length. As a result, only about 600 bytes are needed to store all the parameters of LDSSs of a fingerprint, as is much less than the storage orientation field needs. Finally, the LDSSs can well capture the structural information of local regions. Consequently, LDSSs are more feasible to apply to the matching process than orientation fields. The experiments conducted on fingerprint databases FVC2002 DB3a and DB4a show that our method is effective.