AVS标准综述

介绍AVS标准,包括针对高分辨率和高码率应用的AVS1-P2、针对低分辨率和低码率应用的AVS1-P7。描述该标准采用的视频编码工具集,将其与同时期的国际标准H.264/AVC进行比较。实验结果表明,AVS标准可以获得与H.264/AVC标准相当的编码性能,且实现复杂度更低。     

H.264/AVC编码模式选择

H．264／AVC是最新的视频编码标准。与以前的视频标准相比编码模式更多,压缩效率更高,同时在编码模式的选择上也更复杂,计算量更大。编码时如何选择合适的编码模式对H.264／AVC的压缩性能和计算复杂度是非常关键的。本文讲述了JVT的参考软件是如何实现H．264／AVC编码模式选择。     

AVS流媒体传输系统的实现

AVS是我国具有自主知识产权的第二代音视频编解码标准,与MPEG、H.264/AVC等编解码标准相比,具有技术性能先进、实现复杂度低、知识产权清晰等优点。通过深入研究AVS编解码格式,利用RTP/RTCP/RTSP（Real-time Transport Protocol（RTP）,实时传输协议;Real-time Transport Control Protocol（RTCP）,实时传输控制协议;Real Time Streaming Protocol（RTSP）,实时流协议）协议开发了支持AVS标准的流媒体传输系统,包括流媒体服务器和客户端。该系统可以应用于视频点播、视频监控等相关领域,具有广阔的应用前景。最后,利用NS2做了传输AVS文件的仿真,并给出了Y分量的峰值信噪比。     

Low Complexity Integer Transform and Adaptive Quantization Optimization

In this paper, a new low complexity integer transform is proposed, which has been adopted by AVS1-P7. The proposed transform can enable AVS1-P7 to share the same quantization/dequantization table with AVS1-P2. As the bases of the proposed transform coefficients are very close, the transform normalization can be implemented only on the encoder side and the dequantization table size can be reduced compared with the transform used in H.264/MPEG-4 AVC. Along with the feature of the proposed transform, adaptive dead-zone quantization optimization for the proposed transform is studied. Experimental results show that the proposed integer transform has similar coding performance compared with the transform used in H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, and would gain near 0.1dB with the adaptive dead-zone quantization optimization.     

HDS, a real-time multi-DSP motion estimator for MPEG-4 H.264 AVC high definition video encoding

H.264 AVC video compression standard achieves high compression rates at the cost of a high encoder complexity. The encoder performances are greatly linked to the motion estimation operation which requires high computation power and memory bandwidth. High definition context magnifies the difficulty of a real-time implementation. EPZS and HME are two well-known motion estimation algorithms. Both EPZS and HME are implemented in a DSP and their performances are compared in terms of both quality and complexity. Based on these results, a new algorithm called HDS for Hierarchical Diamond Search is proposed. HDS motion estimation is integrated in a AVC encoder to extract timings and resulting video qualities reached. A real-time DSP implementation of H.264 quarter-pixel accuracy motion estimation is proposed for SD and HD video format. Furthermore HDS characteristics make this algorithm well suited for H.264 SVC real-time encoding applications.     

HEVC optimization based on human perception for real-time environments

High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) is the new emerging video coding standard of the ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG) and the ISO/IEC Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG). The HEVC standard provides a significant improvement in compression efficiency in comparison with existing standards such as H264/AVC by means of greater complexity. In this paper we will examine several HEVC optimizations based on image analysis to reduce its huge CPU, resource and memory expensive encoding process. The proposed algorithms optimize the HEVC quad-tree partitioning procedure, intra/inter prediction and mode decision by means of H264-based methods and spatial and temporal homogeneity analysis which is directly applied to the original video. The validation process of these approaches was conducted by taking into account the human visual system (HVS). The adopted solution makes it possible to perform HEVC real time encoding for HD sequences on a low cost processor with negligible quality loss. Moreover, the frames pre-processing leverages the logic units and embedded hardware available on an Intel GPU, so the execution time of these stages are negligible for the encoding processor.

     

A Novel MBAFF Scheme of AVS

Adaptive frame/field coding techniques have been adopted in many international video standards for interlaced sequence coding. When the frame/field adaptation is applied on the picture level, the coding efficiency is improved greatly, compared with the pure frame coding or the pure field coding. The picture-level adaptive frame/field coding （PAFF） selects frame coding or field coding once for one picture. If this frame/field adaptation is extended to Macro Block （MB） level, the coding efficiency will be further increased. In this paper, a novel MB-level adaptive frame/field （MBAFF） coding scheme is proposed. In the proposed MBAFF scheme, the top field of the current picture is used as a reference. The experiments are implemented on the platforms of Audio Video coding Standard （AVS） base profile and H.264/AVC, respectively. On the AVS platform, 0.35dB gain can be achieved averagely, compared with AVS1.0 anchor. On the H.264/AVC platform, 0.16dB gain can be achieved averagely, compared with MBAFF scheme of H.264/AVC. Additionally, an extensive subjective quality enhancement can be achieved by the proposed scheme.     

一种基于AVS卫星数字视频系统的实现

2002年中国开始制定了新一代数字音视频编解码标准———AVS。由于它采纳了近几年来国内研究的先进音视频编码技术,其不仅与H.264/AVS相比,具有较低的复杂度,并可通过一站式授权方式支付少量费用来获得AVS使用权,因此可作为中国卫星电视直接入户方案的一种较好,且具有竞争力的候选标准。在对AVS和MPEG-2的差异进行比较的基础上,分析了两种在传输系统中替代MPEG-2的方法:直接AVS编码和AVS转码,并给出了一种转码方案,最终实现了新一代基于AVS卫星视频广播系统。     

H.264/AVC先进视频编码研究

为了取得更高的图像压缩性能和更多的实用功能,ISO／IEC MPEG(运动图像专家组)和ITU-TVCEG(视频编码专家组)共同制订了一套新的视频编码标准H．264／AVC。介绍了H．264／AVC图像编解码系统的实现过程,对其采用的新技术进行了描述,最后将其与H．263和MPEG-4标准进行了性能对比。     

Fast multiframe motion estimation algorithms by motion vector composition for the MPEG-4/AVC/H.264 standard

The MPEG-4/AVC/H.264 video coding standard adopts various coding schemes such as multiple reference frames and variable block sizes for motion estimation. Hence, MPEG-4/AVC/H.264 provides gains in compression efficiency of up to 50% over a wide range of bit rates and video resolutions compared to previous standards. However, these features result in a considerable increase in encoder complexity, mainly regarding to mode decision and motion estimation. The proposed algorithms use the stored motion vectors to compose the motion vector without performing the full search in each reference frame. Therefore, the proposed algorithms can obtain an average speed up ratio of four for encoding, thus benefiting from the prediction of the motion vector for the reference frames in advance and maintaining good performance. Any fast search algorithm can be utilized to further largely reduce the computational load.     

基于片类型和帧间预测的H.264去块滤波新算法*

在H.264/AVC视频编码标准中,去方块效应滤波器对改善图像质量和提高压缩效率起着重要作用,并能够有效地去除视频图中出现的方块效应,但却增加了计算的复杂度。在滤波过程中,边界强度（Bs）的计算量是最大的,几乎达到整个滤波过程的90%,为了简化Bs的计算复杂度,在分析了H.264的去块滤波原理之后,提出了一种基于片类型和帧间预测的H.264去块滤波优化算法。通过实验表明,该算法能够确保编/解码视频图像的质量,与JM8.6测试代码中标准算法相比,降低了近20%的滤波时间以及近10%的编码时间,这不仅有效地缓解了H.264的编/解码运算复杂度,而且更有助于视频序列实时传输的实现。     

Context-Based 2D-VLC Entropy Coder in AVS Video Coding Standard

In this paper, a Context-based 2D Variable Length Coding （C2DVLC） method for coding the transformed residuals in AVS video coding standard is presented. One feature in C2DVLC is the usage of multiple 2D-VLC tables and another feature is the usage of simple Exponential-Golomb codes. C2DVLC employs context-based adaptive multiple table coding to exploit the statistical correlation between DCT coefficients of one block for higher coding efficiency. ExpGolomb codes are applied to code the pairs of the run-length of zero coefficients and the nonzero coefficient for lower storage requirement. C2DVLC is a low complexity coder in terms of both computational time and memory requirement. The experimental results show that C2DVLC can gain 0.34dB in average for the tested videos when compared with the traditional 2D-VLC coding method like that used in MPEG-2. And compared with CAVLC in H.264/AVC, C2DVLC shows similar coding efficiency.     

H．264／AVC解码器优化的研究

视频编码新标准H．264／AVC与先前的标准如MPEG2、H．263、MPEG4第2部分相比，虽具有更高的编码效率和差错鲁棒性，但是这些编码效率的提高是以增加编码器和解码器的复杂度为代价的。研究表明，由于H．264／AVC编解码器的计算复杂度比其他视频压缩标准高出几倍甚至十几倍，因此实现实时编解码器需要寻找高效的优化方法。为了对解码器进行优化，从软件和硬件平台的角度提出了一种解码器的优化方法，最后进行了实验，实验结果显示，优化后的软件解码器能够达到实时解码。     

基于运动复杂度的快速模式选择算法

H.264/AVC是ITU-T和ISO/IEC联合制定的最新视频压缩标准。它采用了可变块运动估计和率失真优化模式判决。H.264需要对10 种模式进行率失真优化计算才能得到一个宏块的最优编码模式,极大地增加了编码器的复杂度。为了提高模式选择效率,提出了一种基于运动复杂度的快速模式选择算法。实验结果表明,在PSNR仅有微小下降情况下,该算法可大幅提升编码速度。     

AVS-H.264视频转码快速算法

根据AVS标准和H.264标准的特点,提出一种适用于AVS向H.264转码的快速算法。该算法利用AVS标准中帧间编码宏块的分割模式信息,采用模式映射方法避免H.264编码过程中重新确定每个宏块分割模式,加快了转码速度。仿真实验结果表明,该算法在不影响视频质量的前提下,极大降低了转码的计算复杂度,提高了转码效率。     

基于单元尺度的自适应码率控制算法

随着信息技术的快速发展,压缩编码已成为多媒体存储和传输领域的研究热点。针对视频压缩的编码效率问题,ITU-T与ISO/IEC两大标准组织于2003年联手推出了H.264/AVC视频编码标准。为了能够在目标带宽上有效地传输视频,就必须合理地控制码流的波动强度,以使其尽可能地接近目标带宽。其中码率控制虽然不是标准中的一部分,但由于其一直在视频编码标准的发展过程中占有举足轻重的地位,为此,针对H.264/AVC编码的视频序列码率控制问题,在JVT-G012算法的基础上,提出了一种基于STGS图的自适应地选择基本单元大小的码率控制算法。该算法在编码时产生的码率波动总是与G012算法产生的最小码率波动相当。而且具有较小的运算复杂度,易于实时实现。     

AVS-M: From Standards to Applications

AVS stands for the Audio Video coding Standard Workgroup of China, who develops audio/video coding standards as well as system and digital right management standards. AVS-M is the AVS video coding standard targeting for mobile multimedia applications. Besides the coding specification, AVS also developed the file format and Real-time Transport Protocol （RTP） payload format specifications to enable the application of AVS-M video in various services. This paper reviews the high-level coding tools and features of the AVS-M coding standard as well as the file format and payload format standards. In particular, sixteen AVS-M high-level coding tools and features, which cover most of the high-level topics during AVS-M standardization, are discussed in some detail. After that, the error resilience tools are briefly reviewed before the file format and RTP payload format discussions. The coding efficiency and error resiliency performances of AVS-M are provided finally. H.264/AVC has been extensively used as a comparison in many of the discussions and the simulation results.     

Fast motion estimation using priority-based inter-prediction mode decision method in high efficiency video coding

The latest video coding standard, high efficiency video coding (HEVC), is developed to acquire a more efficient coding performance than the previous standard, H.264/AVC. To achieve this coding performance, elaborate coding tools were implemented in HEVC. Although those tools show a higher coding performance than H.264/AVC, the encoding complexity is heavily increased. Especially, motion estimation (ME) requires the most computational complexity because that is always performed on three inter-prediction modes: uni-directional prediction in List 0 (Uni-L0), uni-directional prediction in List 1 (Uni-L1), and bi-prediction (Bi). In this paper, we propose a priority-based inter-prediction mode decision method to reduce the complexity of ME caused by inter-prediction. The proposed method computes the priorities of all inter-prediction modes and decides whether ME is performed or not. Experimental results show that the proposed method reduces the computational complexity of ME up to 55.51% while maintaining similar coding performance compared to HEVC test model (HM) version 10.1.     

基于全零模块检测的H.264/AVC快速帧内模式选择算法*

H.264/AVC采用多方向、多划分的帧内预测模式,与其他视频编码标准相比具有更高的编码效率,但同时也使计算复杂度明显提升。通过分析各编码模式的特点和最佳模式分布规律,提出了基于全零模块检测的快速帧内模式选择算法,略过不可能进一步降低率失真代价的帧内预测模式,以降低编码过程的计算复杂度。实验结果表明,在保证编码性能的前提下,可以有效地降低H.264/AVC的计算复杂度。     

HEVC 熵编码算法优化

新一代视频编码标准HEVC提供了更加灵活的编码工具选择,在提高压缩率的同时也提高了编码的计算复杂度。由于可选择更大的变换单元以及编码中更强的系数间依赖关系,在率失真优化（RDO）模式选择过程中,HEVC熵编码的计算复杂度显著高于H．264/AVC。为了解决这一问题,本文对HEVC熵编码算法进行优化,通过优化熵编码的上下文空间选择过程、非零系数的编码结构,以及对不同大小的变换矩阵进行整体优化。实验结果表明,本文提出的优化算法能够在保证视频编码质量基本不变的同时,平均降低约43％的熵编码时间。