聚丙烯/聚烯烃弹性体/硅灰石复合材料的制备与热学力学性能

采用熔融共混的方法制备聚丙烯(PP)/聚烯烃弹性体(POE)/硅灰石(Wollastonite)复合材料,利用万能材料试验机、悬臂梁冲击机、差热扫描量热仪(DSC)和扫描电镜(SEM)研究了聚烯烃弹性体和硅灰石对聚丙烯的力学性能及热性能的影响。结果表明,POE弹性体对PP有很好的增韧作用,提高了PP的冲击强度,硅灰石在一定程度上有增强的作用,提高了PP/POE的拉伸强度;POE和硅灰石使复合材料的结晶温度有所提高,但使熔点有所降低。当POE占3%(质量分数,下同),硅灰石占3%时,复合材料的热学、力学性能最优,冲击强度比纯PP高出15.4%,拉伸强度高出2.6%,结晶温度高出5℃。     

电气石/PP复合材料的制备及性能研究

用钛酸酯对电气石进行改性,得到疏水性电气石粉体;将改性后的电气石粉体与聚丙烯(PP)按一定比例混合,在挤出机上挤出造粒,在注塑机上注塑成型制备出电气石/PP复合材料。力学性能测试表明:复合材料的拉伸性能、冲击性能都有一定程度的提高;当电气石含量为3%时(wt,质量分数),复合材料拉伸强度、冲击强度分别提高了15.38%和11.79%。电气石/PP复合材料同时具有释放负离子的功能,随着改性电气石含量的增加,复合材料负离子释放量不断增加。     

PP/POE/高岭土三元复合材料的力学及热性能

研究了高岭土和乙烯-辛烯共聚物弹性体(POE)填充聚丙烯(PP)制备的PP/POE/高岭土三元复合材料的力学和热力学性能。结果表明,POE和高岭土不能提高PP的拉伸强度,但高岭土可以显著提高PP/POE的杨氏模量。POE降低了PP的弯曲强度和弯曲模量,但PP/POE/高岭土三元复合材料的弯曲强度和弯曲模量显著高于PP/POE和PP。POE和高岭土可以显著提高PP的冲击强度,当高岭土和POE的填充份数分别为10份和5份时,PP/POE/高岭土复合材料的冲击强度最大。高岭土的添加可以提高PP的结晶温度,加快PP的结晶速率,促进PP的异相成核。合适含量的高岭土可以提高PP的熔融温度,改善PP的耐热性能。     

固相剪切碾磨制备聚丙烯/废旧橡胶/聚烯烃弹性体复合材料

利用固相剪切碾磨技术在常温下制备了聚丙烯(PP)/废旧轮胎橡胶(GTR)/聚烯烃弹性体(POE)复合材料。采用力学性能测试、差热分析(DSC)和扫描电镜(SEM)对固相剪切碾磨制备的GTR/POE复合粉体和相应PP/GTR/POE复合材料进行表征和分析,研究了碾磨次数和GTR/POE含量对PP/GTR/POE复合材料结构与性能的影响。结果表明,对固相剪切碾磨方法制备的PP/GTR/POE复合材料,GTR和POE被有效粉碎和均匀分散,其冲击强度和断裂伸长率比常规熔融共混方法制备的复合材料高;增加GTR/POE共碾磨复合粉体的含量或增加碾磨次数均可提高冲击强度和断裂伸长率。     

PET4A改性PP/PLA复合材料的制备及性能研究

选用季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯(PET4A)接枝改性聚丙烯，再与聚乳酸(PLA)共混，基于两步法熔融共混工艺制备得到改性聚丙烯/PLA(m-PP/PLA)复合材料。考察了m-PP/PLA复合材料结晶行为、热学性能、力学性能、流变性能、微观形貌的影响因素。结果表明：含有接枝改性后的PP与PLA共混后能够明显地提高复合材料的相容性和结晶度，进而提高复合材料的力学性能。当PET4A添加质量为2%,引发剂过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)质量含量为0.05%时，复合材料结晶度达42.0%,综合力学性能最佳，冲击强度和拉伸强度比纯PP/PLA分别提升了25.96%和27.25%。     

SPTW 对聚丙烯复合材料力学性能的影响

目的研究六钛酸钾晶须添加量的不同对聚丙烯复合材料力学性能的影响。方法采用硅烷偶联剂KH550改性六钛酸钾晶须(SPTW),利用熔融共混法,将改性过的六钛酸钾晶须与聚丙烯(PP)、马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)熔融共混制得PP/PP-g-MAH/SPTW复合材料。结果比较不同含量的六钛酸钾晶须对复合材料力学性能的影响,发现添加适量改性过的六钛酸钾晶须可明显改善复合材料的力学性能。随着六钛酸钾含量的不断增加,其弯曲强度也增大,当SPTW的质量分数为12%时,弯曲强度提高了21.5%,随着含量的继续增加,弯曲强度开始下降;其拉伸强度和冲击强度都呈先增加后降低的趋势,在SPTW质量分数为8.3%左右时,其拉伸强度和冲击强度分别提高了19.7%和31.8%。结论在聚丙烯中添加经硅烷偶联剂KH550改性的SPTW,其质量分数为12%时,力学性能最佳。     

不同含量POE增韧竹塑复合材料的力学和动态力学性能

为研究增韧剂聚烯烃弹性体(Polyolefin elastomer,POE)对竹粉/高密度聚乙烯复合材料(竹塑复合材料,BPC)的增韧作用,制备了高性能竹塑复合材料。在竹塑复合材料中分别添加不同含量的 POE 制备试样,对制备的试样进行力学性能测试和动态热力学分析。力学性能测试结果表明,随着 POE 含量的增加,竹塑复合材料的冲击强度明显增大,但拉伸强度和弯曲强度均减小,当 POE 含量为40%时,竹塑复合材料的冲击强度最好;动态热力学分析结果表明,随着 POE 含量的增加,竹塑复合材料的韧性增强,当 POE 含量为40%时,竹塑复合材料的韧性最强。     

改性纳米碱式氯化镁晶须填充ABS/PP复合材料的力学性能

本文通过熔融共混法在接枝了PMMA的碱式氯化镁（g-BMC）表面包覆TPE橡胶层,制得BMC母料,再将其与PP、ABS共混复合制备出ABS/PP复合材料,分别考察了BMC母料、g-BMC以及PP三者不同添加量对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,在试验用量范围内,BMC/ABS复合材料的冲击强度和熔融指数随着BMC填料含量的增加而增大。当BMC母料含量为15%,g-BMC含量为55%时具有较好的冲击性能;当PP含量为9%-10%时,BMC/PP/ABS复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度最好;BMC填料含量对复合材料的拉伸强度影响较小,但随其用量增加复合材料的冲击强度有明显提高。     

二氧化钛对PP/SPTW复合材料性能的影响

目的研究不同质量分数的二氧化钛(TiO_2)对聚丙烯/六钛酸钾晶须复合材料力学性能的影响,并找出TiO_2的最佳质量分数。方法首先采用硅烷偶联剂KH550改性二氧化钛和六钛酸钾晶须(SPTW),然后将改性过的二氧化钛与改性过的六钛酸钾晶须、马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)、聚丙烯(PP)通过熔融共混法制得PP/PP-g-MAH/SPTW/TiO_2复合材料。结果比较了不同含量二氧化钛对聚丙烯/钛酸钾晶须复合材料性能的影响。研究表明,二氧化钛能够明显改善复合材料的力学性能,随着二氧化钛含量的递增,复合材料的力学性能总体呈先增加后降低的趋势。当二氧化钛质量分数为1%时,复合材料的弯曲强度、拉伸强度和冲击强度分别增大了35.2%,41.2%和33.7%。随着TiO_2质量分数的继续增加,复合材料的弯曲强度逐渐开始下降,拉伸强度和冲击强度在其质量分数超过2%时逐渐开始减小。结论当TiO_2质量分数约为2%时,复合材料的综合力学性能最佳。     

SGF增强POE改性二次发泡聚丙烯的力学性能

用单螺杆挤出机制备了短玻璃纤维(SGF)改性聚丙烯(PP)/聚烯烃弹性体(POE)预发泡粒料,并用型内二次发泡工艺制备了发泡聚丙烯(FPP),考察了SGF含量、分布及界面性能对PP/POE共混体系的发泡效果和力学性能的影响。结果表明,SGF和POE的共同加入改善了FPP的发泡效果,获得泡径约0.38 mm且分布均匀的闭孔结构;SGF的加入提高了PP/POE发泡体系的冲击韧性,并在20%含量时达到最大值64.89 kJ/m2;FPP的弯曲强度和压缩强度随着SGF的增加呈现先上升后下降的变化趋势,表明适量SGF的引入可以保持POE改性FPP的强度和韧性之间的平衡。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...