比例加载路径下板料本构模型的建立及实验验证

根据单位体积塑性功相等原理，基于Druker公设以及等向强化模型，利用比例加载的特点，推导出板料在无卸载比例加载路径下的双向拉伸本构模型，并给出几种不同屈服准则下的本构模型。采用两种薄钢板BH220、SPEN进行了十字形双向拉伸实验研究，给出了这两种薄钢板在加载比例1：1和2：1情况下应力应变关系的理论曲线和实验曲线对比分析结果。结果表明，在小变形范围内，采用Hosford、Barlat89、Mises屈服准则得到的双向拉伸应力应变曲线与实验结果符合得较好。结合已有文献的研究结果说明：在小变形范围内以及无卸载比例加载路径下双向拉伸本构模型是正确性的；在小变形比例加载情况下，各向异性板料的强化规律为等向强化。     

不同加载条件下50W800G硅钢板的拉伸性能

对50W800G硅钢板采用十字形试样进行了不同加载条件下的单向拉伸试验和双向拉伸试验,并运用ANSYS软件对试验结果进行了有限元模拟。结果表明:50W800G硅钢板双向等比拉伸时的应力-应变曲线位于双向非等比拉伸和单向拉伸时的应力-应变曲线之上;50W800G硅钢没有明显的各向异性行为,双向等比拉伸时轧制方向的应力-应变曲线稍高于垂直于轧制方向的,而双向非等比拉伸时垂直于轧制方向的应力-应变曲线稍高于轧制方向的;ANSYS有限元数值模拟的结果可用来预测双向拉伸过程中的应力-应变关系。     

高强钢板DP590温热环境下屈服准则适用性分析

板料成形过程中温度的变化会影响其塑性流动行为。以先进高强钢板DP590为研究对象,通过不同温度下单拉试验和不同温度不同加载比例双拉试验得到其在温热环境下的试验屈服轨迹,结果显示温度不仅会影响DP590钢板屈服轨迹的大小,而且影响屈服轨迹的形状。将试验屈服轨迹和几种理论屈服轨迹进行对比分析,表明Yld2000-2D屈服准则与试验结果吻合较好,同时等效应力应变点分析也显示出Yld2000-2D屈服准则满足塑性力学的单一曲线假设规律。针对Yld2000-2D屈服准则,采用不同温度下的试验数据计算出不同温度下的各向异性参数,通过拟合获得各向异性参数与温度的四次多项式函数关系,建立温度相关Yld2000-2D屈服准则,并与常规Yld2000-2D屈服准则对比分析,结果显示温度相关Yld2000-2D屈服准则更加适合描述DP590钢板温热环境下的屈服行为。     

参数求解方法对屈服准则的各向异性行为描述能力的影响

详细分析基于应力各向异性和变形各向异性两种求解Hill48屈服准则参数的方法。在给出两种各向异性参数求解表达式的基础上,具体分析Hill48屈服准则本身的局限性。以5754O铝合金板为研究对象,进行不同方向的单向拉伸试验。采用两种各向异性参数求解方法,基于Hill48屈服准则推导不同方向拉伸过程中的理论应力-应变曲线和拉伸过程中的变形规律。通过对比理论与试验结果具体分析参数求解方法对屈服准则精度的影响。基于两种参数求解方法,进行5754O铝合金板拉深试验的有限元模拟,讨论不同求解方法对凸耳现象的描述精度。得出结论：当对应力各向异性为主的问题进行分析时,应采用应力各向异性法求解;当对变形各向异性为主的问题进行分析时,则应采用变形各向异性法求解。研究结果对屈服准则在板料成形方面的合理应用具有重要的参考价值。     

镍基单晶高温合金的屈服准则研究

将Hill屈服准则用于DD3单晶合金屈服应力的预测，通过与试验结果比较发现，在760℃时的误差较大。根据单晶材料的屈服特点，考虑单晶合金偏轴受载时存在拉、剪应力耦合作用的情况，提出一个考虑拉、剪应力耦合能量分量，在工程上实用的单晶合金屈服准则，给出确定该屈服准则参数的方法，并重新定义适合新屈服准则的等效应力和等效应变。对各向同性材料，新屈服准则退化为von Mises屈服准则，新定义的等效应力和等效应变退化为von Mises等效应力和等效应变。在新屈服准则中出现的参数可以通过单向拉伸试验确定。用该屈服准则对DD3单晶合金的屈服应力进行预测，760℃时能很好地符合试验结果；与Hill屈服准则相比，预测精度显著提高。     

多轴比例加载下镍基合金GH4169试件的弹塑性有限元分析

对薄壁管进行多轴恒幅比例加载疲劳试验,并运用弹塑性有限元法对该加载条件下的薄壁管进行分析和计算,材料弹塑性特性由von Mises屈服准则和多线性随动硬化准则描述.结果表明,用有限元法计算的试件应力应变值与试验结果吻合.最后,用此方法对缺口件危险点处应力应变状态进行分析.     

汽车用高强度钢板的动态变形行为

对DP590钢板和CR340LA钢板在应变速率为0.003s-1(准静态)和20~700s-1(动态)下进行了室温拉伸试验,研究了试验钢板的动态拉伸变形行为、应变速率敏感性和动态断裂行为。结果表明:两种试验钢板的动态真应力-真应变曲线均无屈服平台,屈服后真应力随真应变的增加先快速增大后缓慢增大;应变速率对屈服强度的影响略高于对抗拉强度的影响,并且DP590钢板的应变速率敏感性和硬化指数均高于CR340LA钢板的;两种试验钢板的均匀伸长率均随应变速率的增加而降低;随应变速率的增加,DP590钢板中的位错密度增加,当应变速率不小于200s-1时出现位错胞;DP590钢板在准静态拉伸时发生明显颈缩,而动态拉伸时未发生颈缩,且随应变速率的增加,拉伸断口上的C形韧窝数量减少,等轴状韧窝数量增加。     

多轴载荷下弹塑性有限元分析及疲劳寿命预测

在550℃温度下,针对Mod.9Cr-1Mo铁素体钢进行一系列多轴疲劳试验,定义主应变比用于考虑不同的比例程度对多轴疲劳寿命的影响。采用Ansys软件进行模拟计算,材料弹塑性特性采用von Mises屈服准则、多线性运动硬化律和单轴循环应力应变曲线描述。采用柱坐标系,通过固定试件一端,另一端加轴向和周向位移来实现拉扭应变控制。有限元模拟得到的应力应变曲线与试验结果对比分析表明,模拟得到的正应力值与试验值总体平均误差为5%。基于模拟得到的应力应变结果,采用Smith-Watson-Topper和Fatemi-Socie法进行疲劳寿命预测。     

多轴载荷下弹塑性有限元分析及疲劳寿命预测

在550℃温度下,针对Mod.9Cr-1Mo铁素体钢进行一系列多轴疲劳试验,定义主应变比用于考虑不同的比例程度对多轴疲劳寿命的影响。采用Ansys软件进行模拟计算,材料弹塑性特性采用von Mises屈服准则、多线性运动硬化律和单轴循环应力应变曲线描述。采用柱坐标系,通过固定试件一端,另一端加轴向和周向位移来实现拉扭应变控制。有限元模拟得到的应力应变曲线与试验结果对比分析表明,模拟得到的正应力值与试验值总体平均误差为5%。基于模拟得到的应力应变结果,采用Smith-Watson-Topper和Fatemi-Socie法进行疲劳寿命预测。     

缺口件两轴循环弹塑性有限元分析及寿命预测

利用弹塑性有限元模拟,对高温两轴比例与非比例拉扭应变循环加载下的光滑薄壁管件与缺口轴类件进行研究.材料弹塑性特性用Von Mises屈服准则、多线性运动硬化准则和高温单轴循环加载的应力应变数据来描述.采用柱坐标系下在试样一端加轴向和周向位移来实现拉扭应变加载.对光滑薄壁管件的后处理结果与试验结果比较,证实了这种方法的正确性和可用性,进而应用到缺口件,得到缺口根部局部的循环应力应变响应.基于有限元数据,采用Kandil-Brown-Miller法和Smith-Watson-Topper法预测了缺口件疲劳裂纹萌生寿命.     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.