畸变进气条件下矿用对旋主通风机旋转失速机理研究

为了揭示畸变进气条件下压入式矿用对旋风机的旋转失速机理，基于分离涡模拟方法与节流阀模型，对旋风机内部的非定常流动开展了数值模拟与分析。结果表明：对旋风机两级叶轮内的失速起始扰动均为“突发型”，均首先发生于叶顶区域，但前级叶轮较后级叶轮更早地进入旋转失速状态。后级叶轮叶根区域也同样出现了扰动，但该处扰动是独立产生和发展的。另外，两级叶轮内失速团的传播均是通过相邻叶片通道流入的反流与本叶片通道流出的反流所引起的失速团扰动强度沿叶轮周向的变化来实现的，前级叶轮内失速起始扰动与失速团的传播速度分别为叶轮转速的60.9%和35%，后级叶轮内二者的传播速度分别为叶轮转速的55%和46%。     

叶片泵旋转失速的研究进展

总结了目前有关叶片泵旋转失速的研究现状,其中包括研究方法、研究成果及抑制方法。目前的研究主要应用CFD、PIV技术和试验相结合,研究重点在旋转失速状态下泵内部流动结构变化和压力波动及传播两个方面。失速状态下导叶区会交替出现高压和低压流道,并相应的会出现回流和射流;轮缘间隙部位会存在高速的泄漏流体。失速核会以低于叶轮旋转速度进行传播,泵内出现压力波动,部分突升的压力会与叶轮旋转相同的方向进行传播,传播速度约为叶轮转速的0.7%。研究发现当泵性能曲线出现正斜率时旋转失速开始发生,根据研究结果提出了可能抑制旋转失速发生的方法。     

离心泵叶轮区瞬态流动及压力脉动特性

目前离心泵过流部件的瞬态流动分析主要集中在蜗壳内,对旋转叶轮区内的流动特性研究较少。基于RNG k-ε湍流模型和滑移网格,对不同工况下离心泵内部瞬态流场进行数值模拟,计算得到的离心泵扬程和效率曲线与试验结果吻合较好。在离心泵叶片正背面分别设置3个监测点,分析叶轮区压力脉动特性。结果表明,设计工况下叶片正背面压力脉动的主频为叶轮转频或2倍叶轮转频,非设计工况下其主频均为叶轮转频。从叶轮进口到出口,叶片正背面的压力脉动最大幅值都逐渐增大。同一监测点上压力脉动最大幅值在小流量时最大,约为设计工况下5倍。分析小流量工况下叶轮内部相对速度分布,叶轮出口处附近随时间变化的旋涡是内部流动不均匀的主要原因,使得离心泵在该工况下运行效率低、压力脉动强度大。     

离心压缩机叶片扩压器叶片安装角对旋转失速影响的实验

用高频响的动态压力传感器及热线探针对叶片扩压器申的流动进行了探测,研究了叶片扩压器不同叶片安装角时失速参数的变化,并研究了转速对旋转失速的影响。     

超低比转速复合式离心泵内部流动特性分析

为研究超低比转速复合式离心泵内部流动特性,以一台比转速为16、半开式复合叶轮离心泵为研究对象,应用ANSYS-Fluent19R1软件对模型泵进行三维全流场数值模拟计算,得出泵内部流场及作用在叶轮、蜗壳上的径向力分布规律。结果表明:在不同流量工况下,随着流量的增加,在隔舌附近出现较大的压力梯度;在长叶片与短叶片相间隔流道内低速区面积较大、叶轮出口处分布较多的旋涡;当流量从0.2倍增加至1.8倍额定流量时,作用在蜗壳上的径向力幅值逐渐减小,作用在叶轮上的径向力幅值先减小后增加,在1.0倍额定流量时径向力幅值达到最小,而后增大。为超低比转速复合式离心泵的设计优化提供参考。     

不同级数电潜泵失速演化及级间差异性研究

当电潜泵在小流量工况下运行时会出现失速现象,并出现一系列的负面影响,严重影响机组的安全性和稳定性。为了研究失速工况下电潜泵内部的旋涡演化及其级间差异性,文中对单级、两级和三级电潜泵进行数值模拟研究,重点讨论了设计工况、临界失速及深度失速工况下电潜泵的内外特性。结果表明：在设计工况和临界失速工况下,首级叶轮流道内部出现多个旋涡结构,次级与末级叶轮内流动顺畅。在深度失速工况下,单级、两级和三级电潜泵首级叶轮内部均存在着大尺度的回流涡,并伴随着强烈跨流道溢流现象;流道内部各种旋涡聚集糅杂形成涡团,对流道出口处产生严重阻塞。电潜泵首级叶轮进口处大尺度旋涡结构、各级叶轮同步失速以及导叶内强烈的分离涡共同导致扬程骤降,同时造成极高的能量损失。该研究为完善电潜泵设计方法提供了理论基础。     

液力变矩器导轮叶片表面压力测量与分析

为深入理解液力变矩器这种典型旋转叶轮机械内部复杂三维流动现象,获取导轮叶片表面典型部位压力分布规律,提出一种定子叶片表面液体压力场测试方案,通过在导轮叶片压力面埋入微型动态压力传感器,对不同输入转速和速比工况下的导轮叶片表面典型部位压力进行试验测试并进行流场数值模拟对比。结果表明,测试数据与模拟结果高度吻合,较准确地描述了叶片表面压力场的变化趋势,叶片表面压力脉动频率与旋转叶轮转速及叶片数有关。这种压力测试方法不仅能对流场数值模拟进行有效性验证,同时也能为叶轮动态性能设计提供参考依据。     

瞬态工况下离心泵的流体运动

在理想流体欧拉方程的基础上,根据动量矩定理推导转速稳定和不稳定时的离心泵基本方程式,给出叶轮旋转加速和流体加速对性能影响的数学描述方程。研究离心泵非稳定工况下。叶轮内部流体的流动情况。     

长短叶片离心泵汽蚀性能数值模拟分析及实验研究

为提高离心泵的汽蚀性能,利用CFD数值模拟分析与实验研究相结合的方法对长短叶片离心泵在不同汽蚀余量时叶轮内部气液两相的分布规律进行分析研究,分析了3种不同短叶片进口直径在不同汽蚀工况时气泡分布情况对叶轮内部流动和性能的影响。分析结果表明:选择合理短叶片的进口直径可以有效提高离心泵的抗汽蚀性能,避免叶轮进口堵塞和流道内发生漩涡汽蚀。当汽蚀余量减小到一定程度,离心泵短叶片进口直径为0.65D2(D2为叶轮外径)时,在长叶片和短叶片的背面都会出现漩涡汽蚀区;当离心泵短叶片进口直径为0.75D2时,在长叶片背面与短叶片工作面间的流道内会出现两个漩涡汽蚀区;当离心泵短叶片进口直径为0.85D2时,离心泵的抗汽蚀性能最佳。     

不同设计参数对离心泵内部不对称空化的影响

为研究不同设计参数对离心泵内部不对称空化现象的影响,以一台单级单吸离心泵为研究对象,保持泵体和叶轮其他参数不变,分别改变叶轮的叶片数、包角和冲角并建立相应模型,采用ANSYS-CFX软件对各模型进行计算并对结果进行分析。研究结果表明:在一定范围内,叶片数越多,越不利于各流道内的对称性流动,会造成不对称空化现象越来越严重;加大叶片包角可以使叶轮各流道内流动更均匀,缓解离心泵内的不对称空化现象;选择合理的冲角不仅可以提高泵的抗空化性能,同时也可以减轻离心泵内的不对称空化现象。     

非设计工况下带分流叶片半开式离心叶轮内部流动特性数值研究（英文）

In order to investigate the complex flow characteristics inside an unshrouded centrifugal impeller with splitter blades at off-design conditions, and analyze its influence on pump operation stability, a numerical simulation study was carried on using the curvature-corrected SST-CC turbulence model; the head and efficiency accorded with experimental results. The pressure fluctuation, unsteady radial force and velocity were analyzed quantitatively and the numerical results indicate this: the peak to peak value of pressure fluctuation in the impeller channel gradually increases in the flow direction and at 0.49 Qn, the slope of peak to peak value to normalized impeller channel behind the splitter blade is 8.57 times greater than that before the splitter blade. The greater the flow rate deviates from the design condition, the larger the peak to peak value of the pressure fluctuation and radial force; in particular at 0.27 Qn, the maximum radial force is 194.29% greater than that of the design condition. When the operating flow rate is smaller than0.83 Qn, the stall occurs and the stall vortex could block the impeller discharge; as the flow rate decreases further, the pressure amplitude at rotational frequency gradually increases in the impeller channel and the prevailing frequency changes from the blade passage frequency(BPF) to the rotating stall frequency in the diffuser. The tip leakage vortex(TLV) is generated in the tip region and rotated move downstream in the impeller flow channel, and the backflows appear on the blade suction side and in the tip and the tongue regions; the smaller the flow rate, the more serious the TLV and backflow phenomenon. The rotating stall causes uneven flow in the impeller channel, increasing the pressure fluctuation and the radial force, and resulting in an imbalance of the impeller rotation.     

Analysis and measurement of the impact of diffuser width on rotating stall in centrifugal compressors

In compression systems, instability has long been an important issue. However, compared to axial machines, relatively little work has been done on the stability of centrifugal machines. Especially, many analytical models of stabilities have been developed to predict and control rotating stall, using compressor characteristic. However, stability models for centrifugal compressors are not scarce. Much research on compressor stability has focused on stalling flow coefficient and rotating stall phenomenon at the stalling flow coefficient. Given this situation, this paper presents a stability analysis of centrifugal compressors to predict rotating stall inception as well as the speed and number of cells. This analysis involves the use of compressor geometries, a steady compressor characteristic, and threedimensional flow analysis in the diffuser. The flow field perturbations at the axial inlet duct, impeller, and radial exit duct are determined via an eigenvalue analysis. The predictions are validated against experimental results from compressors with three different diffuser widths. The model accurately predicts the rotating stall inception flow coefficient. As the compressor characteristic becomes less steep with increasing diffuser width, the stalling flow coefficient increases. Also, experiment validates the model prediction that, depending on the dominant mode of flow perturbation, the number of rotating stall cells can be changed from three to two cells in the tested configurations. Furthermore, the cell speed increases as the flow coefficient decreases for a given number of stall cells. However, when the stall cell number is reduced, the cell speed decreases.     

基于正交设计法的中比转速泵无过载优化设计

以D82-19-2型中比转速离心泵为研究对象,选取导叶喉部面积、叶片数、叶片包角、叶轮出口直径、叶轮出口宽度、叶片出口角、叶轮进口直径7个参数为变量,运用正交设计法制定七因素三水平正交方案L18(37),借助数值模拟方法对泵的性能进行预测,通过分析得到了几何参数对中比转速离心泵性能影响的主次顺序:叶片数对扬程和效率的影响起主要作用,叶片包角对轴功率的影响起主要作用;正交优化方案的数值模拟结果表明,该方案既满足无过载性能的要求,又保持了较高的效率,可为中比转速离心泵无过载设计提供参考。     

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF ROTATING STALL FOR A LOW-SPEED CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR

Unsteady flows and rotating stall of a low-speed centrifugal compressor are investigated by measuring vaneless diffuser wall static pressure fluctuation and internal flow fields at different small flow fluxes. During the experiment, firstly the real time static pressure fluctuations on the vaneless diffuser shroud at different circumferential and radial position were acquired by high-frequency dynamic pressure transducers. Discrete Fourier transformation analysis and cross-correlation analysis were applied to the experimental results to ascertain the rotating stall beginning operation conditions and stall cells numbers and rotating speed. Secondly, the vaneless diffuser inlet flow angle distribution along diffuser width direction was acquired by single hotwire, which was compared with SENOO＇s analysis results. At last, the internal flow fields of the centrifugal compressor were investigated with a particle image velocimetry （PIV） system at different small flow fluxes. The flow field development of vaneless diffuser and blade flow passage are given at rotating stall conditions. The experiments enrich the understanding of rotating stall flow phenomenon of the low-speed centrifugal compressor and provide full experiment data for designing high performance centrifugal compressor.     

高速离心压缩机旋转失速的全流场数值模拟

使用商业计算流体动力学(Computational fluid dynamics,CFD)计算软件CFX求解三维雷诺平均的Navier-Stokes方程组,结合出口气腔模型对某带无叶扩压器的离心压缩机的旋转失速现象进行数值模拟。为了准确地模拟小流量下的失速流动现象,在CFD计算中采用包括蜗壳在内的全场网格。首先使用定常计算得到该离心压缩机的稳态性能曲线,并和试验测量值进行比较。然后引入出口气腔模型,模拟离心压缩机内的旋转失速流动。在小流量下模拟得到离心压缩机内部流场的非定常流动现象。分析气腔模型不同参数对失速流动的影响,气腔体积越大,计算得到的失速频率越低。     

离心通风机旋转失速的特征分析

对采用进口导流器调节的离心通风机的旋转失速问题进行了试验研究，并借助谐波小波对旋转失速的频率、幅值特性及动态过程进行了时频分析和特征提取，揭示了旋转失速发展的规律及对风机性能的影响。     

基于流场计算的螺旋离心泵叶轮静力学分析

为研究螺旋离心泵叶轮结构的振动特性,首先建立螺旋离心泵内部流场三维模型,对设计工况下的螺旋离心泵内流场进行了定常数值模拟,得到了叶片表面的压力载荷分布;建立叶轮有限元模型,以螺旋离心泵全流道三维定常数值模拟计算结果为基础,利用顺序耦合技术进行了有预应力的叶轮静应力分析和模态分析,结果表明:叶轮的最大应力出现在叶片进口的轮毂处,叶轮强度满足设计要求;叶轮最大的形变区域出现在叶片进口的轮缘处;叶轮的变形域随着频率的增加而增大;叶轮的各阶固有频率远大于泵的运行频率,因此在运行过程中不易发生共振现象。     

The vibration behavior of impeller blades in the five-axis CNC flank milling process

Today, in most cases, impellers of centrifugal compressors are produced by flank milling on five-axis CNC milling machines. The complex three-dimensional geometry of the very thin blades consists of ruled surfaces. The flank milling process allows a fast production of the impellers and the surface of the blades is of high quality. The limited strength of the very thin blades and also the thin outer radial part of the disk lead to a high sensitivity to static and especially dynamic forces that are caused by the instationary flow in the impeller. The dynamic forces of rotating stall and surge are the most dangerous excitations of the bladed disk. Coupled vibrations may occur and damage the impeller. The highest static load is caused by the centrifugal forces. Therefore, most of the high-loaded impellers are manufactured from aluminum alloy or titanium because of the low density of this light metals and the relatively high strength. Most of the interests and the investigations in the last years are paid to the vibration behavior and the dynamic loads of the impeller during operation. But sometimes, the highest stress may occur during the production process and damage the impeller or weaken the strength and so cause later problems. Especially, excitations from the dynamic forces during the flank milling process have to be taken under consideration. The vibration behavior of the impeller is very complex and is affected by the vibration behavior of the cutter and the milling machine. In this paper, the change of the vibration behavior of centrifugal compressor impeller blades during the manufacturing process is investigated. During the finishing of the thin blades, the blade thickness is continuously changing and also the strength and the corresponding eigenfrequencies of the blade. The dynamic forces acting on the blades are caused by the cutter, the milling machine, and the cutting process. The quantity of the forces and the frequency of the excitation are determined by the rotational speed of the cutter, the feed, the number of edges, and the chip thickness. The results described in this paper give useful information about the change of the vibration behavior of the centrifugal impeller blades during the flank milling process and possible interaction with the cutter and the machine.     

叶片参数对离心泵关死点性能影响的试验分析

一直以来离心泵关死点扬程和功率都无法通过理论计算获得。以某比转数为92.7的离心泵为研究对象,试验测试了不同叶片出口角、叶片出口宽度和叶片数下关死点扬程和功率的变化规律。试验结果表明关死点扬程随着叶片出口角的增大变化较小,随着片出口宽度的增加一直增加,随着叶片数增加先减小后增大;3个参数对关死点功率的影响都比较复杂;3个参数对关死点性能的影响大小顺序为叶片出口宽度最大,叶片数次之,叶片数最小。研究结果对于现代离心泵的设计具有比较重要的参考意义。     

变转速工况下离心泵蜗舌处压力波动的试验研究

对某一单吸离心泵在变转速工况下蜗舌处的压力波动进行了测量与分析。该离心泵的叶轮为半开式叶轮并具有背叶片,它由原叶轮车削后得到,从而使得叶轮出口离蜗舌距离较大。结果显示:随着转速的提高,离心泵的流量及效率线性增大,而扬程以二次曲线形式增加。该离心泵蜗舌附近的压力波动频谱以叶轮转动频率整数倍的离散分量为主,特别是叶片通过频率及其二次谐波。最大波动分量的幅度占参考动压ρv22/2(v2为叶轮出口周向速度)的0.5%左右。随着转速的增大,压力波动的增加速度比转速提高速度快,且宽频波动幅度的提高比离散分量显著。另外,频谱分量中存在叶轮转动频率非整数倍的离散分量,以及与转速无关而取决于流体系统固有振动特性的离散分量。