基于凸轮机构的变刚度仿生柔性关节设计与分析

为满足足式机器人跑跳等动态运动对关节柔性及其变刚度特性的迫切要求,借鉴生物关节柔性特征与主被动刚度调节机理,创新地提出了一种基于凸轮机构的新型变刚度仿生柔性关节。基于关节刚度特性分析,构建了关节整体刚度模型,并针对影响关节刚度特性的各结构参数开展了系统优化设计,研制出了一款紧凑型高集成度关节样机。关节样机性能实验结果表明,基于凸轮机构的变刚度仿生柔性关节具备理想的关节输出力矩与刚度调节范围,可通过关节固有刚度特性与动态刚度特性的主被动融合控制,实现关节瞬时刚度的动态非线性精确调节,能够满足机器人动态运动对关节柔性与刚度的需求。     

永磁变刚度柔性关节的力学分析与控制器设计

提出一种采用永磁弹簧、绳索驱动、梯形布置的拮抗式变刚度柔性机器人关节,能够根据任务需要,实时调节关节刚度。所述永磁弹簧装置,在绳索提供力矩一定的情况下,增加了关节刚度变化范围,同时减小操作臂的质量与惯量。对提高柔性机器人关节的运动性能具有重要意义。对关节空间与绳索空间的映射关系进行推导并利用雅可比矩阵和模型间静力学关系,得到关节刚度模型,进而实现关节刚度与位置解耦。以轨迹控制为目标,设计了一种双闭环解耦控制器,并进行了试验验证。仿真分析与试验结果共同表明,该柔性关节在较宽刚度调整范围内,都具有较好的位置响应特性和轨迹跟踪能力。上述结构与控制方式同样也适用于多自由度并联柔性机器人关节。     

主—被动变刚度柔性单腿建模及能耗分析

为了改善传统刚性足式机器人运动高能耗问题,通过仿生学研究总结人类跑跳运动刚度与能效相关性,建立具有主—被动复合变刚度的串联柔性单腿数学模型,对减速器、柔性关节阻尼、功率流进行了详细描述;选定单腿模型主要参数并结合仿生学设计关节"三段式"被动变刚度特性,采用Hertz模型进行触地碰撞仿真,验证了具有被动变刚度特性的柔性单腿比定刚度柔性单腿具有更好的稳定性;通过对原地跳跃运动、支撑相水平运动两个过程的仿真计算,得出不同运动情况下腿部刚度与能耗的变化规律。研制了具有主—被动复合式变刚度柔性关节及基于该关节的单腿样机,联合NI-cRIO系统实验,验证了不同运动情况下合理调整刚度系数能够改善足式机器人能耗的结论,与仿生学研究相符。     

主-被动复合变刚度柔性关节设计与分析

为解决传统刚性机器人在特定领域应用受限问题,为其设计一款同时具有主、被动变刚度特性的复合式柔性关节。通过调查研究国内外变刚度柔性关节结构,对变刚度柔性关节按结构原理分为杠杆机构、凸轮机构两类,并基于凸轮机构原理,通过紧凑化设计实现了主-被动变刚度在同一关节的整合。建立该柔性关节数学模型,并对凸轮槽曲线进行了优化设计,得到了关节等效刚度随柔性变形量逐渐增大的凸轮槽曲线,在此基础上对柔性关节进行了刚度特性分析。对关节样机进行了静态刚度测量及动态抛掷试验,结果表明该变刚度柔性关节能够实现主、被动刚度调节功能,且在结构设计上适应现有机器人机构应用。     

一种基于弹簧片的可变刚度关节

随着机器人环境友好、安全可靠的发展趋势,可变刚度弹性驱动关节成为了研究热点。变刚度弹性驱动关节能够缓冲碰撞,消除机械震荡,提高机器人对人和环境的安全性。提出了一种以弹簧片为弹性元件的变刚度柔性关节,可以在一定范围内调节其刚度,并建立了关节的数学模型,推导了关节刚度计算公式,实现了刚度的调节控制。     

基于永磁弹簧的变刚度关节驱动器设计

提出一种基于永磁弹簧的变刚度机器人关节驱动器,采用蜗轮、蜗杆驱动绳索调整永磁弹簧气隙间距,实现驱动器变刚度控制;分析基于绳索-永磁弹簧组的关节驱动器变刚度原理并进行结构设计,对变刚度收线蜗轮、蜗杆结构参数进行设计计算.     

拮抗变刚度关节驱动器设计与特性分析

机器人关节驱动器是人机交互运动得以实现的关键。为使服务机器人更好地完成与人之间的交互,根据仿生拮抗驱动原理,设计了一种主动变刚度的柔顺关节驱动器。同时建立了变刚度驱动器的数学模型,借助MATLAB软件分析,得到了变刚度驱动器静载下的静态刚度曲线,结果表明该关节驱动器具有良好的变刚度特性和安全性。此外,结合ADAMS虚拟样机和实物样机实验平台,分析了转角差δ=0°和δ=15°时小球的平抛情况,实验结果表明驱动器具有良好的储能特性和安全性。     

一种旋转型弹性驱动器设计及动力学性能仿真分析

为提高柔性机器人的运动性能,设计了一种基于弧形螺旋弹簧的旋转型串联弹性驱动器,采用多级回转轴承组合结构,将刚度不同的弹簧内外双层串联,实现关节的大范围柔性输出。建立弹性驱动器动力学模型,采用反演控制方法,设计了弹性驱动器柔性关节控制器;采用Matlab和Adams软件进行联合仿真,对外力干扰下柔性关节的动力学性能进行了仿真分析。结果表明,控制器能够克服干扰力使柔性关节在0.59 s内恢复平衡状态,验证了所设计弹性驱动器结构和控制规律的有效性。     

一种扭簧变刚度柔性关节的设计与研究

变刚度关节由于其固有的柔性特征,可实现人与机器人在非结构化环境下的安全交互.针对扭簧扭转时中径发生改变提出了一种具有非线性刚度的紧凑型柔性关节,并满足常用的力作用情景"小载荷,低刚度;大载荷,高刚度".首先,给出柔性关节模型,采用扭簧以及开口套作为基本弹性元件,通过调节螺母滑块的位置,使钢球挤压开口套并改变扭簧中径,实现对关节的刚度调节.其次,结合弹性变形理论,分析描述了柔性关节中弹性元件的力学本构方程和截面应力分布规律,得到关节的转角、扭矩及刚度间的关系.最后,根据关节转动不同角度以及施加不同载荷以获取扭矩与刚度变化的仿真数据,结果表明该柔性关节的设计是有效的,同时,可为研究该类扭簧变刚度的力学行为提供理论参考.     

基于差动轮系的变刚度执行器及变刚度柔性手爪

结合差动轮系和杠杆原理设计了一种调刚范围从0～+∞的变刚度执行器,并完成了其结构优化设计和调刚能耗优化设计。该变刚度执行器具有变刚度范围大,调刚能耗需求低,占用空间小,易控制,响应速度快,可靠性强,技术实现可行性高等优点,具有一定的实际应用意义。在此基础上设计了一款欠驱动变刚度柔性手爪,将变刚度执行器作为手爪关节的驱动单元,通过调节变刚度执行器的刚度来改变手爪的刚度。最后,搭建了变刚度柔性手爪的硬件平台,对变刚度执行器进行了刚度测量,验证了所设计的变刚度执行器在进行刚度调节上的可行性。进行了变刚度柔性手爪的力控制实验,成功实现了对柔软物体的抓取。对变刚度柔性手爪的单指进行了性能分析,并验证了手指刚度与变刚度执行器刚度呈正相关关系,完成了变刚度柔性手爪性能实验验证。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.